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Ch11

Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages?
A) Watson and Crick
B) Avery, Hershey and Chase
C) Franklin
D) Griffith
E) Pauling
One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a
A) phage.
B) mage.
C) rhinovirus.
D) filovirus.
E) coronavirus.
When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm?
A) the whole phage
B) only the RNA
C) only the DNA
D) the protein "headpiece" and its enclosed nucleic acid
E) the tail fibers
The shape of a DNA molecule is most like
A) a set of railroad tracks.
B) a diamond ring.
C) a twisted rope ladder.
D) a gold necklace.
E) the letter X.
DNA replication
A) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule.
B) results in the formation of four new DNA strands.
C) produces two daughter DNA molecules that are complementary to each other.
D) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand.
E) begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments.
If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be
A) GCCTAG.
B) CGGTAC.
C) GCCAUC.
D) TAACGT.
E) GCCATG.
When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains
A) none of the parent DNA.
B) 25% of the parent DNA.
C) 50% of the parent DNA.
D) 75% of the parent DNA.
E) 100% of the parent DNA
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand?
A) helicase
B) primase
C) ligase
D) single-stranded binding protein
E) DNA polymerase
Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction?
A) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule
B) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing molecule
C) because mRNA can only read a DNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction
D) because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5' to 3' direction
E) because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5' end
The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
A) translation.
B) transcription.
C) initiation.
D) elongation.
E) promotion.
Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are
A) single nucleotides.
B) two-nucleotide sequences.
C) three-nucleotide sequences.
D) nucleotide sequences of various lengths.
E) enzymes.
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA?
A) RNA polymerase
B) RNA ligase
C) a ribozyme
D) reverse transcriptase
E) tRNA
Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?
A) elongation of the growing RNA molecule
B) termination of the RNA molecule
C) addition of nucleotides to the DNA template
D) initiation of a new RNA molecule
E) initiation of a new polypeptide chain
________ marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop.
A) RNA polymerase
B) RNA ligase
C) A terminator
D) Reverse transcriptase
E) Methionine
Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?
A) on the plasma membrane
B) in the nucleus
C) in the cytoplasm
D) in chromatophores
E) in the cell wall
 
Which of the following takes place during translation?
A) the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids
B) the conversion of genetic information from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides
C) the addition of nucleotides to a DNA template
D) the conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language of enzymes
E) DNA replication
 
Which of the following options most accurately lists the sequence of events in translation?
A) codon recognition → translocation → peptide bond formation → termination
B) peptide bond formation → codon recognition → translocation → termination
C) codon recognition → peptide bond formation → translocation → termination
D) codon recognition → peptide bond formation → termination → translocation
E) peptide bond formation → translocation → codon recognition → termination
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called
A) a mutation.
B) an advantage.
C) a codon.
D) a translation.
E) an anticodon.
What kind of virus is HIV?
A) a herpesvirus
B) a paramyxovirus
C) a retrovirus
D) a complex virus
E) a provirus
 
Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template?
A) ligase
B) RNA polymerase
C) terminator enzyme
D) reverse transcriptase
E) DNA convertase
In the 1920s, Frederick Griffith conducted an experiment in which he mixed the dead cells of a bacterial strain that can cause pneumonia with live cells of a bacterial strain that cannot. When he cultured the live cells, some of the daughter colonies proved able to cause pneumonia. Which of the following processes of bacterial DNA transfer does this experiment demonstrate?
A) transduction
B) conjugation
C) transformation
D) transposition
E) crossing over
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