Pathophysiology Chapter 12 Cardiovascular System Disorders
Cardiovascular System Disorders Quiz
Test your knowledge on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular system disorders with our comprehensive quiz. This quiz covers various topics, including the fun
Whether you are a student, a teacher, or just interested in the heart and its fun
- 34 engaging questions
- Covers key cardiovascular concepts
- Great for review or self-assessment
The function of the baroreceptors is to:
Stimulate the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous system at the sinoatrial (SA) node as needed.
Adjust blood pressure by changing peripheral resistance.
Sense a change in blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
Signal the cardiovascular control center of changes in systemic blood pressure.
Which of the following is a result of increased secretion of epinephrine?
Increased heart rate and force of contraction
Decreased stimulation of the SA node and ventricles
Vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles and kidneys
Vasodilation of cutaneous blood vessels
Which of the following causes increased heart rate?
Stimulation of the vagus nerve
Increased renin secretion
Administration of beta-blocking drugs
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
The event that causes the QRS wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing is:
Atrial depolarization.
Atrial repolarization.
Ventricular depolarization.
Ventricular repolarization.
The cardiac reserve is:
Afterload.
The difference between the apical and radial pulses.
The ability of the heart to increase cardiac output when needed.
The extra blood remaining in the heart after it contracts.
The term preload refers to:
Olume of venous return
Peripheral resistance.
Stroke volume.
Cardiac output.
The first arteries to branch off the aorta are the:
Common carotid arteries.
Pulmonary arteries.
Coronary arteries
Subclavian arteries.
Cardiac output refers to:
The amount of blood passing through either of the atria.
The volume of blood ejected by a ventricle in one minute.
The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in a single contraction.
The total number of heartbeats in one minute.
Which of the following drugs decrease sodium and fluid retention in the body?
Decreased blood presswarfarin (Coumadin) ure.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Nitroglycerin (Isordil)
Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL
A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).
Streptokinase.
Acetaminophen.
Heparin.
A partial obstruction in a coronary artery will likely cause:
Pulmonary embolus.
Hypertension.
Angina attacks.
Myocardial infarction.
The term arteriosclerosis specifically refers to:
Development of atheromas in large arteries.
Intermittent vasospasm in coronary arteries.
Degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries.
Ischemia and necrosis in the brain, kidneys, and heart.
A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:
Leading a sedentary lifestyle
Being female and older than 40 years of age.
Excluding saturated fats from the diet.
Familial hypercholesterolemia.
An atheroma develops from:
A torn arterial wall and blood clots.
Accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occurred.
Thrombus forming on damaged walls of veins.
Repeated vasospasms.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):
Promote atheroma development
Contain only small amounts of cholesterol.
Transport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion.
Are associated with low intake of saturated fats.
The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:
Cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body.
Temporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery.
Total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis
Irregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries.
Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:
Brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.
Persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse
Bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.
Flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.
The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is:
An imbalance in calcium ions.
An infection of the heart muscle.
Atherosclerosis involving an attached thrombus
A disruption of the heart conduction system.
Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:
Reducing the risk of blood clotting.
Decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques.
Reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions
Decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias.
Why does ventricular fibrillation result in cardiac arrest?
Delayed conduction through the AV node blocks ventricular stimulation.
Insufficient blood is supplied to the myocardium
The ventricles contract before the atria.
Parasympathetic stimulation depresses the SA node.
The term cardiac arrest refers to which of the following?
Condition where cardiac output is less than the demand
A decreased circulating blood volume
Missing a ventricular contraction
The cessation of all cardiac function
Which change results from total heart block?
A prolonged PR interval
Periodic omission of a ventricular contraction
A wide QRS wave
Spontaneous slow ventricular contractions, not coordinated with atrial contraction
The definition of congestive heart failure is:
Cessation of all cardiac activity.
Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body.
Insufficient circulating blood in the body.
The demand for oxygen by the heart is greater than the supply.
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is marked by:
Hemoptysis and rales
Distended neck veins and flushed face.
Bradycardia and weak pulse.
Cardiomegaly.
In an infant, the initial indication of congestive heart failure is often:
Distended neck veins.
Feeding problems.
Low-grade fever and lethargy.
Frequent vomiting.
Unoxygenated blood enters the systemic circulation in children with tetralogy of Fallot because:
The aorta and pulmonary artery have exchanged positions.
Pulmonary stenosis changes the ventricular pressures.
The left ventricular wall has hypertrophied.
The septal defect allows exchange of blood between the atria.
A friction rub is associated with:
Infectious endocarditis.
Arrhythmias.
Pericarditis.
An incompetent aortic valve.
The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is:
Early diagnosis and repair.
Thrombus formation and pulmonary embolus.
Rupture and hemorrhage
Pressure on adjacent organs or structures.
Phlebothrombosis is more likely to cause pulmonary emboli than is thrombophlebitis because:
Platelets attach to the inflamed wall.
Thrombus forms in a vein and is less firmly attached.
Leg cramps require massage.
Systemic signs of inflammation require treatment.
Shock is defined as:
Failure of the heart to supply sufficient blood to body cells.
General hypoxia, causing damage to various organs.
Decreased circulating blood and tissue perfusion
Loss of blood, causing severe hypoxia.
A cardiac pacemaker would most likely be inserted in cases of:
Angina pectoris.
Heart block
Congestive heart failure.
Ventricular fibrillation.
The most common factor predisposing to the development of varicose veins is:
Trauma.
Congenital valve defect in the abdominal veins.
Infection.
Increased venous pressure.
In a child with ventricular septal defect, altered blood flow:
Leads to increased stroke volume from the left ventricle.
Results in unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation.
Is called a right-to-left shunt.
Is called a left-to-right shunt
Septic shock is frequently caused by infections involving:
Gram-negative endotoxin-producing bacteria.
Spore-forming saprophytic fungi.
Free-swimming, motile parasitic protozoa.
Parasitic nematodes.
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