DHY 117 Exam 2 part 1
Mastering Periodontal Disease: DHY 117 Exam 2
Test your knowledge on periodontal disease and various oral health conditions in this comprehensive quiz. Designed for dental hygiene students and professionals, this quiz will help reinforce essential concepts and clinical signs related to periodontal diseases, inflammation differences between pediatric and adult patients, and key characteristics of oral lesions.
- 80 questions covering various aspects of periodontal health
- Focus on clinical signs, disease characteristics, and treatment options
- Ideal for preparation for exams or professional certifications
What is the most common type of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis with attached plaque only
Gingivitis without plaque
What are the four differences between pediatric and adult patients clinical signs of inflammation?
Inflammation isn't as intense in children compared to adults
Children have fewer pathogenic bacteria in plaque biofilm than adults
Children's immun response is less developed and don't have the same response to plaque biofilm
Adults have more dental restorations and conditions that act as plaque retention
Adults will become much more accustomed to bacteria making them less susceptible
Children at birth are completely filled with bacteria
What are five main characteristics about pyrogenic granuloma?
The growths aren't cancerous
Usually not painful
Exaggerated response to irritation
Growth regresses after giving birth
Also known as the 'pregnancy tumor'
It has a white lacy like structure with inflammation
Which choice best matches the description of Pyogenic Granuloma?
Mushroom like growth that is more common in the maxilla and in gingival papilla.
A disorder of the skin and mucous membranes possible due to allergic reaction or infection
Disease of the skin and mucous membrane characterized by purplish itchy, swollen rash on the skin or in the mouth with lacy white patches
The initial oral infection with the herpes simplex Type 1 virus (HSV1), characterized by redness and multiple vesicles (filled blisters) That easily rupture to form painful ulcers.
What are four main characteristics about Erythema multiforme?
Consists of large symmetrical red blotches, resembling targets all over the skin
Blisters and ulcers occur on the oral mucosa membranes
Ulceration of the gingiva
Crust formation on the lower lip
Also known as the 'pregnancy tumor'
Growth regresses after giving birth
Which choice best matches the description of Erythema multiforme?
A disorder of the skin and mucous membranes possible due to allergic reaction or infection
Mushroom like growth that is more common in the maxilla and in gingival papilla.
Disease of the skin and mucous membrane characterized by purplish itchy, swollen rash on the skin or in the mouth with lacy white patches
The initial oral infection with the herpes simplex Type 1 virus (HSV1), characterized by redness and multiple vesicles (filled blisters) That easily rupture to form painful ulcers.
What are some main characteristics about Lichen Planus?
Lacy white patch like lines and lesions may be present
Exact cause is unknown
Can last up to many years
May be allergic or immune reaction
Intense redness of gingiva with ulcerations
Crust formation on the lower lip
Which choice best matches the description of Lichen Planus?
Disease of the skin and mucous membrane characterized by purplish itchy, swollen rash on the skin or in the mouth with lacy white patches
A disorder of the skin and mucous membranes possible due to allergic reaction or infection
Mushroom like growth that is more common in the maxilla and in gingival papilla.
The initial oral infection with the herpes simplex Type 1 virus (HSV1), characterized by redness and multiple vesicles (filled blisters) That easily rupture to form painful ulcers.
What are some main characteristics about Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
Usually affects infants and young children but may affect young adults
By the time individuals reach middle age, about 70% have been infected with HSV-1
OIn most cases, the virus never causes symptoms during the primary HSV-1 infection (Subclinical infection)
Intense redness of gingiva with ulcerations
Which choice best matches the description of Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
The initial oral infection with the herpes simplex Type 1 virus (HSV1), characterized by redness and multiple vesicles (filled blisters) That easily rupture to form painful ulcers.
Disease of the skin and mucous membrane characterized by purplish itchy, swollen rash on the skin or in the mouth with lacy white patches
Mushroom like growth that is more common in the maxilla and in gingival papilla.
A disorder of the skin and mucous membranes possible due to allergic reaction or infection
What are some main characteristics of Leukemia?
Tissues appear swollen, red deep purple, spongy, shiny
Tissues tear easily
Tissues bleed with little provocation
Tissue changes usually begins in papilla
Which choice best matches the description of Leukemia?
An exaggerated response to plaque biofilm results in enlarged tissue and increased bleeding
A disorder of the skin and mucous membranes possible due to allergic reaction or infection
The initial oral infection with the herpes simplex Type 1 virus (HSV1), characterized by redness and multiple vesicles (filled blisters) That easily rupture to form painful ulcers.
Mushroom like growth that is more common in the maxilla and in gingival papilla.
Which choice best matches the description of gingival disease of specific bacterial origin?
Uncommon due to specific bacterium not commonly found in typical plaque biofilm
Mostly common on account of specifically identifiable bacteria being the main etiology and cause
What are some main characteristics of Gingival disease of specific bacterial origin?
Overwhelms host resistance
Gingival lesions are painful, chancres or mucous patches
Is neither an acute or chronic disease
It is a generalized infection that affects the entire mouth
What is Drug induced gingival enlargement?
An increase in size of the gingiva resulting from systemic medications
An allergic reaction to medications causing the gingiva to inflame immediately
True or false? Plaque accumulation is not necessary for initiation of drug induced gingival enlargement, but will exacerbate the disease
True
False
What are some drugs that are associated with drug induced gingival enlargement?
Anticonvulsants
Calcium Channel blockers
Immunosuppressants
NSAIDS
True or false? Drug induced gingival enlargement is NOT an exaggerated response to plaque
False
True
Gingival disease associated with the endocrine system is what?
Associated with non-plaque-induced gingival diseases and conditions
Associated with plaque-induced gingival diseases and conditions
What are some factors for gingival disease associated with endocrine system?
Nutritional diseases
Metabolic diseases
Hyperthyroidism
Genetic factors
True or false? A Large percentage of gingival diseases are not caused by plaque biofilm
False
True
Which gingival disease is not resolved after plaque removal?
Nonplaque induced gingival disease
Plaque induced gingival disease
Which of the following six are factors for nonplaque induced gingival diseases?
Genetic/developmental
Infection
Inflammatory/immune conditions and lesions
Reactive processes
Neoplasms
Traumatic lesions
Calculus and biofilm
What are five factors that are associated with gingival disease modified by systemic factors?
Gender and steroid hormones such as puberty, menstural cycle, pregnancy and oral contraceptives
Hyperglycemia
Leukemia
Smoking
Malnutrition
Gender
What choice best describes pregnancy associated gingivitis?
Is an exaggerated inflammatory response: During the 2nd to 3rd trimester of pregnancy
Gingivitis that occurs throughout the entirety of pregnancy until after child birth
What are the clinical signs of gingivitis?
Change in color from light pink to red in gingival margin, especially where plaque accumulates
Bleeding evident upon gentle probing
Increased gingival crevicular fluid
Tenderness
Edema swelling
Loss of alveolar bone
What are three ways that we can tell if someone has periodontitis despite having healthy looking gingiva?
Probing depths
Radiographs
BOP
Tactile examination
True or false? Tissues may look healthy but the patient may still have active periodontal disease?
True
False
What is the difference between acute and chronic gingivitis?
Acute gingivitis has a short duration and returns to health after good patient self care, while chronic gingivitis is long lasting and may exist for years without progressing to periodontitis
Chronic gingivitis has a short duration and returns to health after good patient self care, while acute gingivitis is long lasting and may exist for years without progressing to periodontitis
What are the two common sources of intraoral allergic reactions?
Ingredients in toothpastes, mouthwashes, or chewing gum
The result of flavor additive or a preservative in the product
Natural ingredients found in nature
Chemically enhanced flavors to mask burning sensation
Which of the following is are examples of a chemical insult in the oral cavity?
Chlorhexidine
Etching
Cocaine
Hydrogen peroxide
Food burns
What is the number 1 cause of tooth loss in adults?
Periodontitis
Gingivitis
List common findings regarding periodontitis
Is a bacterial infection
Begins as plaque induced gignivitis
Usually progresses at a slow to moderate rate
Causes progressive destruction to the periodontal ligament
Gradual loss of supporting alveolar bone
It only affects the gingiva and nothing else
True or false? Plaque induced gingivitis is NOT reversible while chronic periodontitis is
False
True
What is the difference between recurrent periodontitis and refractory periodontitis?
Recurrent periodontitis is the return of destructive periodontitis that was arrested previously, while refractory periodontitis is of an unknown origin/etiology
Refractory periodontitis is the return of destructive periodontitis that was arrested previously, while recurrent periodontitis is of an unknown origin/etiology
True or false? Anyone with a prior history of periodontitis is at risk for recurrence
True
False
True or false? Despite patients following recommended schedule maintenance visits, practicing effective self care, and receiving continuous professional therapy, they can still exhibit continued attachment loss due to refractory periodontitis
True
Fasle
What is localized periodontitis?
May involve one site on a single tooth or several sites on several teeth involving 30% or less of teeth
May involve most or entire dentition, involving more than 30% of teeth
What is generalized periodontitis?
May involve most or entire dentition, involving more than 30% of teeth
May involve one site on a single tooth or several sites on several teeth involving 30% or less of teeth
What are some typical warning signs of periodontitis?
Abundance of mature plaque and calculus
Reddish to purplish tissue or tissues appearing pale
Gingival bleeding
Loss of attachment mobility
Tissue edema
Suppuration
Necrotic tissue all over the tissue
All of the following are associated with periodontitis except one. Which is it?
Pain
Inflammation
Gingival bleeding
Furcation involvement
What are the risk factors for periodontitis?
Gingivitis
Poor oral care
Smoking/tobacco
Hormonal change
Poor nutrition
Hereditary disease passed down
Ethnicity
Gender
What are the optimal treatment modalities in treating periodontal disease?
Focus on reinforcing daily self care
Periodontal instrumentation to remove microbial etiology
Eliminate local intraoral factors
Periodontal surgery
Adherence to periodontal maintenance regimen
Gingival therapy
What are the therapeutic endpoints of periodontal therapy
Elimination of microbial etiology and contributing factors that perpetuate inflammation
Preservation of state of the teeth and periodontium in a state of health, function and stability
Prevention of disease recurrence
To reduce periodontal pockets by 3mm
What are some facts regarding characteristics of disease sites that have not responded to treatment?
Tissue destruction in untreated periodontitis does not affect all teeth evenly
Is usually a continual and slow process
In limited number of individuals, there is rapid progression of destruction of periodontal ligament and supporting alveolar bone
It spreads on out through the entirety of the oral cavity
Which choice best describes Necrotizing periodontal disease?
Inflammatory destructive infections of periodontal tissues that involve tissue necrosis (Localized tissue death)
When the entirety of the mouth is failing and there's no hope for recovery
True or false? All forms of NPD are painful infections
True
False
What are some characteristics regarding Necrotizing periodontal diseases?
Gingival tissues are fiery red with spontaneous bleeding
Very painful
Rapidly escalates and can produce loss of periodontal attachment within days
Gives appearance of 'punched out' or 'cratered' papilla
Excessive salivation with fetid odor
Swelling and sloughing is evident
Consists of Necrotizing mucogingival
What are the three stages of necrotizing periodontal diseases?
Necrotizing gingivitis
Necrotizing periodontitis
Necrotizing stomatitis
Necrotizing mucogingival
What are three features that best characterize necrotizing stomatitis?
Severe necrosis extends beyond gingiva to other parts of the oral cavity: tongue, cheeks, palate
Bone denudation occurs through alveolar mucosa tissue
Most severe, rarest form of NPD
Tissue necrosis limited to gingival tissue
What are two features that best characterize necrotizing periodontitis?
Extremely rapid and destructive form of periodontitis
Necrosis of gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
Most severe, rarest form of NPD
Tissue necrosis limited to gingival tissue
What is a feature that best characterizes necrotizing gingivitis?
Tissue necrosis limited to gingival tissue
Most severe, rarest form of NPD
Necrosis of gingival tissues, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
Extremely rapid and destructive form of periodontitis
Which descriptions are best associated with thin scalloped biotype?
Ï‚§ Clear thin delicate gingiva
Ï‚§ Narrow zone of keratinized tissue
Ï‚§ Interproximal contacts close to incisal edge
Ï‚§ Subtle cervical scalloping
Ï‚§ Slender triangular-shaped tooth crowns
Ï‚§ Broad zone of keratinized tissue
Which descriptions are best associated with Thick flat biotype?
Square-flat shaped tooth crowns
Pronounced tissue scalloping
Large interproximal contact areas more apical
Thick, fibrotic gingiva
Clear thin delicate gingiva
Thick alveolar bone
Pronounced gingival scalloping
Which descriptions are best associated with Thick scalloped biotype?
Slender tooth crowns
Pronounced gingival scalloping
Thick fibrotic gingiva
Narrow zone of keratinized tissue
Subtle cervical scalloping
Pronounced tissue scalloping
What does periodontal biotype mean?
Individual differences in gingival anatomy and morphology:
The many different bacteria that are associated with periodontal diseases
What is the most common mucogingival deformity?
Gingival recession
Erhytmea
Gingival enlargement
Thick scalloping
What best defines mucogingival deformities?
Significant alterations of morphology, size and interrelationship between gingiva and alveolar mucosa that may involve underlying bone.
Deformoties of the gingiva that occur over time on account of outside trauma or genetics
What is the main difference between necrotizing gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis?
Necrotizing gingivitis is the mildest of the 3 forms while necrotizing periodontitis is the more severe case.
Necrotizing periodontitis is the mildest of the 3 forms while necrotizing gingivitis is the more severe case.
Which choices below are best associated with Class I of the Miller classification system?
Marginal recession but doesnt not extend to the MGJ
No loss of bone or soft tissue in the interdental area
Roots are completely covered
Bone and soft tissue loss in interdental area.
Which choices below are best associated with Class II of the Miller classification system?
Marginal recession that extends beyond the MGJ
No loss of bone or soft tissue in interdental area
Roots are completely covered
Marginal recession but doesnt not extend to the MGJ
Which choices below are best associated with Class III of the Miller classification system?
Marginal recession that extends beyond MGJ.
Bone and soft tissue loss in interdental area.
May have tooth malpositioning that prevents coverage of certain roots
Marginal recession but doesnt not extend to the MGJ
How can patients be predisposed to gingival recession?
Thin periodontal biotype
Absence of attached gingiva
Reduced thickness of alveolar bone due to abnormal toot position in the arch
Chemical burns
Which choices below are best associated with Class IV of the Miller classification system?
Marginal recession that extends beyond MGJ.
Bone and soft tissue loss in interdental area.
May have malpositioning that prevents coverage of many roots
Roots are completely covered
How can a palatolingual groove enhance plaque retention and contribute to initiation of periodontal disease
The groove can store calculus and biofilm inside due to the indent like formation inside.
Because of it's unique shape it allows more debris to enter on in past the junctional epithelium
How can orthodontics contribute to inflammation?
Infrequent self-care and plaque biofilm accumulation results in soft tissue inflammation
The misalignment of the prosthetics end up shifting the tissues so much they end up afflicting the teeth.
The therapeutic endpoints of periodontal therapy include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is it?
Reduction of periodontal pockets by 3mm
Elimination of microbial etiology
Preserving teeth and periodontium in a state of health
Preventing reoccurrence of periodontal disease
All of the following are optimal treatment modalities in treating periodontal disease EXCEPT one. Which is it?
Removing diseased cementum during root scaling
Repairing overhanging margins on restorations
Periodontal surgery
Periodontal instrumentation to remove microbial etiology
All of the following are characteristics of periodontitis EXCEPT one. Which is it?
Most common in adults who are under the age of 35
Disease progresses at a slow to moderate rate
Radiographic evidence of horizontal bone loss
Can be modified by cigarette smoking
All of the following are true of periodontitis EXCEPT one. Which is the exception?
The disease always progresses at a rapid rate
Gingival bleeding is a common clinical finding
Signs may include periodontal pockets and tooth mobility
Host response plays an important role in pathogenesis
A patient was successfully treated for periodontitis 2 years ago, but today presents with a reappearance of the signs and symptms of periodontitis. The hygienist notices that the patient's self care is NOT adequate. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?
Recurrent periodontitis
Refractory periodontitis
A patient has undergone repeated, appropriate periodontal therapy over the past 5 years. Today, the hygienist notes additional attachement loss at several sites. The patient practices satisfactory self-care and follows the recommended program of periodontal maintenance visits. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?
Refractory periodontitis
Recurrent periodontitis
A 50 year old patient presents with 1mm of attachment loss in most of the mouth, however there is 6mm of attachement loss present on the proximal surfaces of the maxillary first and second molars. Which of the following is the most likely disease classification for this patient?
Localized periodontitis
Generalized periodontitis
All of the following are typical warning signs of periodontitis EXCEPT one. Which is it?
Pain
Bad taste in mouth
Loose teeth
Red, swollen gingiva
True or false? Loose dentures DO cause periodontal disease?
False
True
Which form of gingivitis would be most associated with Site specific gingivitis?
Gingivitis without plaque
Gingivitis with plaque induced only
True or false? Necrotic periodontitis will stimulate pain
True
False
What is are two characteristic of disease sites that haven't responded to treatment?
Increased pocket depths
Bleeding upon probing
Erythema
Flaccid gingival tissue
What type of patient would possible present with a healthy gingiva despite having active periodontitis
A smoking patient
Someone who just recovered from gingivitis
A pregnant woman
Someone afflicted with HIV/AIDs
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