Physio 3

While hypocalcemia leads to paressis in ruminants, it leads to tetany in dogs. Which one of the following answer choices best explain this?

During your shift at the hospital, a 2 year old neutered male Dalmatian is presented with a fresh wound that only requires a few sutures. Because of where the wound is located and because he is surprisingly well behaved, a local anaesthetic will do instead of a sedation. Which of the following choices best describes the functioning of the local anaesthetic?

A client calls the office concerned about their 2-year-old golden retriever, Tillie, who is panting after play. Otherwise, she is acting normal, but the owner would like reassurance. What would be the best explanation for this action?

Steve, a 5-year-old male cat, presenting with general discomfort and inappetence. After consulting with his owner and a physical exam you determine that Steve has a urethral blockage. Steve is experiencing irritability and heart palpitations. After blood chemistries, you find Steve has elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia). What is the neural disturbance that would explain these symptoms?

While at a dairy farm checking up on the herd, the farmer mentions to you that after extreme levels of work in the summer, his Border Collie “Eloise” is very lethargic and sometimes experiences muscle pain. He is very concerned so you inform him that while she is working, she is using up energy, ATP, and her body is trying to build up those stores again during rest which is normal. Which of the following about possible Sources of ATP for Eloise is not correct?

You are called out to a farm where a mare by the name of “The Shire is Burning” is suffering from weakness, tremors and drooling. You determine that the disease causing this is from a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. You know the neurotoxin acts on the presynaptic membrane resulting in paralysis. Which of the following must be how the neurotoxin is acting given the information provided?

A 4 year old dog named Clifford comes into your clinic with decreased reflexes, decreased muscle tone, and has a depression of spinal reflexes. You presume this dog is displaying signs of Idiopathic polyradiculoneuritis. Considering this disease reduces the resistance to membrane ion outflow and therefore reduces the electro current speed- which of the following describes what is happening at the level of the nerve?

A 2 year old Labrador has been diagnosed with Canine Stress Syndrome. Canine Stress Syndrome exhibits symptoms of anxiety, seizures, hyperthermia, and dog muscle spasms. Which of the following options represents a fast twitch, oxidative/glycolytic cell?

Fluffy is brought to the clinic and seems to be paralyzed. During the contractile process within smooth muscle fibers, depolarization is mainly due to the entry of a specific chemical element. This element can then activate the myosin light chain kinase for phosphorylation and increase Myosin ATPase activity to allow for formation of cross bridges. Which one of the following options would best describe the chemical element deficiency relative to his nerve fibers?

A client brings in a 4 year old Indian Spitz named "Sid" after a long hot day of play at the dog park. While talking to the owner, you realize that Sid has not had any water all day and has been experiencing increased muscle contractions. Which enzyme shift can lead to these conditions?

A client brings in her 1 year old Dalmation “Spot”, who has been having muscle cramping and is unsure what is going on. You start with blood work, and observe a release of myoglobin present. Upon further work ups, you begin to suspect development of ischemia. What will be happening to the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration? What kind of issue can this be classified as?

A heifer comes into the clinic and is calving but the calf is way too big, so you are going to have to perform a caesarean. The technician performs a line block which is a local anaesthetic and then you must give an epidural which is also a local anaesthetic. Which of the following best describes the function of the local anaesthetics given?

A client brings to you a horse that is very stiff and reluctant to move with cramping over the hindquarters and is sweating. The client states that the horse usually does not exercise but the grandkids wanted to ride so the horse was intensely exercised for a long period of time. After the intense exercise the horse became stiff and reluctant to move and was sweating. You examine the horse and run blood work and determine the horse is tying- up due to abnormal regulation of calcium within the muscles keeps the muscles in the contracted state. Since the horse was intensely exercised there is no more ATP left to move calcium into its storage compartments. What kind of issue can this be classified as?

The Na+/K+ pump is used to polarise cellular membranes, allowing them to be excitable and maintain cellular life. During muscle activity, the pump must work more in order to repolarise the cell to resting membrane potential and allow it to be stimulated again. Which of the following is one of the ways the activity of Na+/K+ transport is controlled during muscle activity?

Some nerve impulses need to travel along a conduction pathway faster than others, and therefore need to travel across the appropriate nerve fiber type in order to synapse in an appropriate amount of time. From fastest to slowest, what is the speed of conduction of the nerve fiber types relative to one another?