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a loan to a dictatorship or despotic regime that doent benefit the people and may be used to repress the population that fights against the regime. Such a debt isn’t an obligation for the nation; it is a personal debt of the regime and need to be repaid by the successor regime

the fact that worldwide, less than 10% of health research spending addresses conditions that account for 90% of the global burden of illness and death almost entirely in low and middle income

a method of understanding poverty and development developed by Amartya sen, who argues that development shouldn’t be seen simply as rising income levels but rather as an increase in individuals substantive freedoms and ability to make choices they value

a term used in critical development studies to refer to a theory that at a given historical conjuncture sets the parameters of how we think about the role of the state in political and economic spheres, when idea is widespread and don’t need violence or force to enforce it, don’t have to rely on force to get citizens to believe there vision

the representation of european and American political, cultural and economic historical developments as the reference point for all societies in the world

the representation of european and American political, cultural and economic historical developments as the reference point for all societies in the world

set of beliefs and values thought to exist among the poor which prevents them from escaping poverty

The networks of relationships of individuals and communities that provide support in times of financial, health and emotional need and connections in terms of securing employment; broad and diffuse trust

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

a conception of political power that explores not just an international regimes direct political economic power but also its knowledge producing power. Michael Goldman argues that an international organization doesn’t produce value neutral knowledge but rather constructs a power/knowledge regime designed to naturalize and legitimize a world order skewed in the interest of rich northern countries

the idea that a naturally occurring trait or set of traits (usually biological or genetic) defines a particular group of people and is unchanging. This is based on science, research and so called "facts"

idea that white Europeans and American have a duty to colonize and rule over peoples in other parts of the world because of the alleged superiority of European culture.

-an awareness by researchers or development practitioners of the social situation and power relationships in which they are embedded. This awareness helps development researcher and practitioners make better decisions and reduce their negative impact

the representation of Asia, especially the Middle East, in a stereotyped way that is regarded as embodying a colonialist attitude, docile individuals who don’t have any form of agency and thus the white male is supposed to exercise agency over those indivuduals to create the western ideal type the male white European, western countries make policies for these d countries

the social conditions, processes, and discourses consequent to the Age of Enlightenment. In the most basic terms, Anthony Giddens describes modernity as a shorthand term for modern society, or industrial civilization

cultural forms produced in the modern industrial age on a mass scale and intended for mass consumption

transfers of money by migrants to their home countries

the capabilities, assets (material and social), and acitivities required for a means of living