Define postmortem
End of perimortem
 
Define perimortem
Begins with individual and their cause of death
 
Define antemortem
Beginning of perimortem
 
Define PMI
Time since death
 
What are the five stages of decomposition
Fresh, early decomposition, advanced decomposition, skeletonization, and extreme decomposition
 
Describe the fresh stage of decomposition
Fresh appearance and no discoloration
 
Describe the early decomposition stage of decomp.
Skin slippage, hair loss, and skin discoloration
 
Describe advanced stage of decomp.
Caving of abdomen, loss of internal organs
 
Describe the skeletonization phase of decomp
Greasy bones, most of skeleton exposed
 
Describe the extreme decomp. Phase of decomp.
Bleached skeleton, exfoliation, and cancellous bone exposed
 
Define algor mortis
Cooling
 
Define livor mortis
Pooling of blood and discoloration
 
Define rigor mortis
Body becomes stiff for a period of time
 
Describe other taphonomic processes that could occur
Disarticulation and scavenging
 
Explain why sexual dimorphism occurs
Females mature earlier than males, and sexual selection
 
Compare and contrast growth patterns of females and males
Females stop growing earlier and males grow longer and bigger
 
How do you estimate sex using the skull
Females are more gracile, low brow ridge, and wide pubic angle
 
Which methods can you use to estimate sex?
Phenice method, pre-auricular sulcus, pits of parturition and subpubic angle
 
Which methods would you use to estimate stature?
Regression equations, fragments of bone, femur, and fully method
 
Which of the stature methods is the most effective?
Fully method
 
What is normal variation
Features present in normal bone
 
What are the types of normal variation
Sinus shape, cranial suture shape, and trabecular bone patterns
 
Normal variation in sinus shape?
There are 4 major sinuses. Large sinuses in both frontal and maxilla separated by a septum
 
Normal variation in cranial suture patterns?
The general pattern, no extra bones
 
Examples of skeletal anomalies?
Accessory teeth or bones, accessory foramina, and non-fusion anomalies
 
Wormian bone?
Extra bones within a suture
 
Inca bone?
Extra bone pieces within the lambdoidal suture
 
Os japonium
Extra bone within the zygoma bone
 
Types of pathological conditions?
Proliferated lesions, lytic lesions, and deformation lesions
 
What causes proliferated lesions?
Increased osteoblastic activity
 
Types of osteoblastic activity?
Osteosclerosis, osteomyelitis, periostitis, periostoses, and osteitis
 
Heterotopic ossification?
Proliferative, ossification of soft tissue
 
Lytic lesions?
Increased osteoclastic activity
 
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