Chapter 4

Keratin is seen in tissues that

Which of the following is true of glandular epithelia?

Their primary function is secretion

If they release secretions are released into tubes or ducts, they are described as endocrine

If they release secretions directly into the interstitial fluid; they are described as exocrine

They are classified as merocrine, apocrine, or holocrine based on their size and location

They are classified as tubular or acinar based on the way they release their secretions

Connective tissue

Are the least abundant tissues and are sparsely distributed in the body

Are characterized by cells with basal and apical surfaces

Form coverings and linings

Are generally avascular, except for cartilage and tendons

Are composed of cells separated by an extracellular substance known as the matrix

Connective tissue cells

Arise from the embryonic ectoderm

Include immature-blast cells that retain their mitotic ability

Absorb the matrix between cells

Occur in the same variety and distribution in every connective tissue

Include simple squamous cells

A matrix

May be fluid, semi-fluid, gelatinous, or calcified

Is composed of a ground substance plus fibers

Is a characteristic of both connective and epithelial tissus

A and B are correct

A, B, and C are correct

Why does hyaluronidase enhance the diffusion of infected drugs?

It increased ATP synthesis

It raises the temperature at the site of the injection and makes molecules move faster

It lowers the viscosity of the matrix of aerolar connective tissue

It forms new gap junctions between connective tissue cells

It increases the rate if matrix secretion

The connective tissue ground substance

Is a material inside the connective tissue cells

Contains mostly lipids

Support cells but prevents exchange of materials between cells

Includes collagen, elastic and reticular fibers

Plays an active role in how connective tissue migrate and carry out metabolism

All of the following are true of connective tissue fibers except:

Collagen fibers decrease tissue flexibility

They strengthen and support connective tissues

Elastic fibers allow connective tissue to strech

Reticular fibers support and strengthen connective tissues

Reticular fibers and elastic fibers contain glycoproteins

Which connective tissue combines with adipose tissue to form the subcutaneous layer that attaches the skin to underlying structures?

Which connective tissue stores triglycerides and provides cushioning and support the organs.

Tendons and ligaments must withstand tension along the axis of their fibers. These structures are composed of

Which of the following is true of cartilage?

It is composed primarily of collagen fibers and hyaluronic acid ground substance

It cannot tolerate as much physical stress as the loose and dense connective tissue

It is made by immature cells called fibroblasts

Its elastic form is found between vertebral discs

Its hyaline form is the most abundant and reduces friction at joints

Flat sheets of flexible tissue found covering or lining large portions of the body are

Called membranes

Combinations of connective and muscular tissue

Increase friction friction between organs

Enhance a microbe's ability to infect the body

Promote drying of tissues

A tissue is a group of cells

That have similar morphology

That have a common embryonic origin

That work together to carry out specific functions

A and B are correct

A, B, and C are correct

Which of the primary tissues detects and responds to changes in the environment in order to maintain homeostasis?

Which of the following are the first tissues that form in the human embryo?

All of the following are true of cell junctions except:

Some cell junctions anchor cells to another

Some cells junctions anchor cells to extracellular material

Some cells fuse the inner surfaces of plasma membranes together

Some cells junctions help cells resist separation from each other

Some cell junctions allow materials to pass directly from one cell to another

The type of cell junction that prevents the contents of the stomach or urinary bladder from leaking into surrounding tissues is the:

A pathologist examines a thin slice of tissue with a microscope and notes numerous cells packed tightly together. No intercellular space or blood vessel is noted between cells , but the cells have polarity. One side of the cells open into a cavity, and the other is attached to a thin layer of extracellular material. Several of the cells are in some stage of mitosis. Which primary tissue type does the pathologist use?

Epithelial tissues are classified based on

The arrangement of cells in layers

The shapes of the cells in the most superficial layer

The size of the cells in the deepest layer

A and B are correct

A, B, and C are correct

The function of the basement membrane is to:

Provide a blood supply to epithelial tissue

Hold cartilage onto bone

House the reproducing cells of stratified squamous epithelium

Anchor epithelial tissues onto underlying connective tissue

Secrete matrix

Which of the following tissues provides the greatest protection from mechanical injury?

Which modifications of columnar epithelium is correctly described?

Which of the following is not classified as an epithelial membrane?

Which type of membrane is found lining any body cavity that opens directly to the exterior?

The space between the parietal and visceral layers of a membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the environment normally contains:

Muscle tissue

Is classified based the type of matrix found between the cells

Absorbs heat

Produces elastic, reticular, and collagen fibers

Consists of elongated cells called muscle fibers

All of these are correct

Skeletal muscle tissue

Consist of muscle fibers lying perpendicular to each other

Consists of branched cells with single nucleus

Is found in the iris

If characterized by the presence of intercalated discs

Is striated and under voluntary control

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle tissue is found in all of the following locations except:

How are the types of muscle tissue alike?

Both cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated

Both cardiac and smooth muscle are under involuntary control

Both smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are found attached to bones

A and B are correct

A, B, and C are correct

Which of the following are true of nervous tissue?

It consists of two basic kinds of cells: neurons and neuroglia

The neuroglia have main parts: a cell body, an axon, and dendrites

The neurons cannot generate nerve impulses

The neurons are insensitive to changes in their environment

The neuroglia communicate directly with muscle glands

Some cells have the ability to respond to stimuli by generating signals such as action potentials. These cells are

Place the tissues listed in ascending order of their capacity for tissue repair. 1. bone 2. Skeletal muscle 3. Nervous tissue 4. Smooth muscle 5. Epithelial tissue 6. Cardiac muscle

Contractile tissue; cells called fibers; 2 forms striated; 2 under involuntary control

Web like strands of transmembrane proteins, fuse outer surfaces of cell together, prevents leakage between cells

Act as "spot welds", hold cells together with cadherins, stabilizes epidermis

Lines heart and blood vessels, forms walls of air sacs in lungs

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium