Bio q2 practice test

An educational infographic depicting the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and gamete formation, styled in a colorful and engaging way suitable for a science quiz website.

Cell Cycle Mastery Quiz

Test your knowledge of cell biology with our comprehensive quiz covering the processes of mitosis and meiosis, gametogenesis, and more. Dive deep into the fascinating world of cell division and understand the nuances of various cellular mechanisms.

This quiz is designed for:

Students learning about cell biology
Teachers seeking resources for their classrooms
Anyone interested in the science of life

96 Questions24 MinutesCreated by LearningCell700

Why cells need to undergo cell cycle?

Are cells without nucleus and membrane bound organelles. (Bacteria, Archaebacteria)

Are cells with nucleus and membrane bound organelles. (Somatic cells, Sex cells)

This is the cell division for the bacteria and archaebacteria.

This is the cell division process for the somatic/ body cells.

This is the cell division process for the gametes/ sex cells.

Are daughter cells produced from mitosis.

Number of chromosomes produced in mitosis.

Is the period of growth that occurs between cell divisions. It is where the cell spends most of its life. This is important to happen since cell must grow in order for extra organelles and DNA to have room in the cell.

During this stage, the cell increases in size and synthesis new proteins and organelles. (cell grows and cell develops). It takes up about 41% of the cell’s life cycle.

During this stage, the chromosomes are replicated, wherein once the cell enters this phase, it usually completes the rest of the cell cycle. (DNA replication).

- it is the first and longest phase of mitosis - the chromosomes become visible - the centrioles separate and move to opposite poles

It is the transition stage between prophase and metaphase where the chromosomes will appear long and thick because they are condensing.

- it is the second and shortest phase of mitosis - the chromosomes attach to spindle fibers and line up across the center of the cell

- it is the third phase of mitosis - centromeres split apart - the sister chromatids separates into individual chromosomes

- it is the fourth and final phase of mitosis - chromosomes reach opposite poles of cell and lose their distinct shape - chromatids unwind back into chromatin

is the complete division of the nucleus to form two daughter nuclei, and assures the equal distribution of genetic materials between the newly-produced nuclei.

It is the complete disintegration of the cleavage furrow.

It is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in organisms that reproduce sexually.

are daughter cells produced from meiosis.

Pertains to chromosomal pairs which contain the maternal as well as the paternal chromatid of the same length and gene position.

is the formation of gametes (sex cells) which will trigger meiosis.

It is the human female’s form of gametogenesis which is the formation of ovum.

It is the human male’s form of gametogenesis which is the formation of sperm.

The process of “self-destruction” or programmed cell death.

Is the mishap in cell division. It develops when apoptosis is defective wherein the afflicted cells will increase uncontrollably.

Are masses produced by cancer.

A tumor that does not spread because it does not affect its surrounding cells.

A tumor that severely affects its surrounding cells and has the ability to spread to different body parts.

A process in which a cancer cell departs from its original location and travels to different body parts through the bloodstream.

The instance of chromosomes failing to separate equally.

these usually occur when there is an error in cell division resulting in cells with too few or too many copies of a chromosome.

Is the boundary that separates the living cell from its surroundings. It exhibits selective permeability, which allows some substances to cross it more easily than others.

Are the most abundant lipid in the plasma membrane. These are amphipathic molecules, meaning it contains hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.

It states that a membrane is a fluid structure with a “mosaic” of various proteins embedded in it.

In 1935, they proposed a sandwich model in which the phospholipid bilayer lies between two layers of globular proteins.

In 1972, they proposed that the membrane is a mosaic of proteins dispersed within the bilayer, with only the hydrophilic region exposed to water.

Is a collage of different proteins, often grouped together, embedded in the fluid matrix of the lipid bilayer.

it determines most of the membrane’s specific functions.

proteins that are bound to the surface of the membrane

Proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic core and spread throughout the membrane. It is also called Transmembrane proteins.

Proteins that allow passage of hydrophilic substances across the membrane. It is specific for the substance it moves.

Are transport proteins that have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel.

Are channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water.

Are transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane.

This refers to the various ways by which different substances can be allowed to enter the cell.

T is the movement of particles from high to low concentration. It doesn’t require energy (ATP). In this transport mechanism, the molecules may or may not need to use a protein channel or carrier.

Mixing of materials by their own random motion where mixing occurs from an area of high to low concentrations. It transport particles/ molecules through phospholipid bilayer

Works by having channel proteins of different sizes (like a sieve) or ion channels which allow larger, or charged molecules to diffuse in/out of the cell.

Basically the diffusion of H2O through a membrane Since H2O molecules are small– they can pass through membranes even non- polar parts

in chemistry, it consists of the solute and the solvent.

3 kinds of solution

Happens if osmotic pressure gets too much that it can “burst” a cell.

happens when cell lose water and “shrivel”

It moves molecules in one direction against the concentration gradient. It requires energy from the cell.

3 sodium ions bind to a special receptor protein Energy from ATP is added to the protein Protein changes shape, releasing sodium from the cell

transports a molecule in one direction

Transports two different molecules in the same direction

Transports different molecules in opposite directions

Poses benefits to the body. For one, it retrieves important macromolecules to the body and enables macrophages to engulf pathogens

They are immune cells in the body that are in constant search of harmful elements to devour.

Entry for large particles Membrane actively surrounds and engulfs particle or fluid and forms a vacuole

Cell eating– involves large particles

cell drinking– involves liquids

- are ligands bind to specific receptors on cell surface (coated pits)

Exit for large particles Vessicle moves to and merges with the plasma membrane

3 Characteristics of biological macromolecules

Is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks.

are small building-block molecules

A reaction that occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.

A reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction, which is the disassembling of polymers into monomers by the addition of a water molecule.

Are very complex organic substances made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and some sulfur. They function as catalysts of different biological processes in an organism.

A chemical signaler protein produced in the pancreas. It causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from blood and convert it to glycogen that can be stored in the liver and muscles.

Is a condition when a person has high blood glucose/ blood sugar, either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both.

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Are part of the immune system. When something enters the body that isn’t supposed to be there, they find the invader and stick themselves onto it.

It speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction (a catalyst) by lowering the energy needed to begin the reaction. These are reusable. Molecule specific – like a lock and ke

Are macromolecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They store energy for the immediate use of the body. It serves as fuel and building material.

Also known as simple sugars. These have molecular formulas that are usually multiples of CH2O

Also known as double sugars. It is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides

Lso known as complex sugars. These are the polymers of sugars, have storage and structural roles. Their structure and function are determined by its sugar monomers and the positions of glycosidic linkages.

Types of polysaccharides

Are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules. They are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers. They are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds.

Fats from these are solid at room temperature. These have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds. It is commonly found in most animal fats (lard).

Fats from these are also called oils and they are liquid at room temperature. These have one or more double bonds. It is commonly found in plant fats and fish fats.

Is the process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen.

Are made when liquid oils are turned to solid fats. These may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease.

Example of essential fatty acids

Are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings.

Are macromolecules composed of nitrogenous bases, pentose, and phosphate groups.

Are the monomers of nucleic acids.

it is the code for a specific protein

Serves as the “master blueprint” for all of the cell’s proteins. Its molecules are transmitted to offspring during reproduction. Its structure is double-stranded double helix and has N bases of A-C-G-T.

Serves as “working copies” of the genes for the proteins that the cell is making at any given time. Its structure is single-stranded and has N bases of A-C-G-U.

Is an important steroid, which is a component in animal cell membranes.

made up of fatty acid monomers known as glycerides that have a glycerol backbone and fatty tails. They separate from water because water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other.

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