Basic Logic
Test Your Basic Logic Skills
Are you ready to challenge your understanding of logic? This quiz explores fundamental principles of reasoning, helping you distinguish between truth, causation, and circular logic.
- Assess your comprehension of logic statements.
- Identify examples of circular reasoning.
- Explore the implications of assumptions in our reasoning processes.
Suppose you always wear a hat when it rains. Today, you are wearing a hat. Does this mean it is raining?
Yes, because I always wear a hat when it rains.
No, because I may wear hats for other reasons.
"Circular Logic" is when we support our argument by assuming or rephrasing the conclusion. Which of the following are examples of circular logic?
P="God exists, because God is present within existence."
Q="God does not exist, because God is absent within existence."
R="God neither exists nor does not exist, because God precedes both existence and nonexistence."
S="God exists and does not exist, because God is the benefactor of both existence and nonexistence."
We use the words "is" and "are" in at least three different ways. 1) Equality: "A = B". Meaning: A and B are the same. Example: The sun is our star. 2) Containment: "A ∈ B". Meaning: A is an element within B. Example: The sun is a star. 3) Subset: "A ⊆ B". Meaning: Every element within A is also an element within B. Example: Suns are stars. In what way would we mean the statement "My shirt is blue"?
Equality: "My shirt = blue." Meaning: My shirt and the color blue are the same thing.
Containment: "My shirt ∈ blue." Meaning: My shirt is within the set of blue things.
Subset: "My shirt ⊆ blue." Meaning: Everything within my shirt is also within the set of blue things.
Consider the following classic "Temperature Paradox": "The temperature is 70, and the temperature is rising, therefore 70 is rising." What is the resolution to this paradox?
Numbers can change.
We use the word "is" in different ways.
Circular logic.
Suppose that if I work, then I can pay my rent. Furthermore, suppose I do not work. Does this mean I cannot pay my rent?
Yes, because if I work, then I can pay my rent.
No, because I may have other means to pay rent.
If we define the word "universe" such that everything is inside the universe, What is outside the universe?
Depends.
Everything.
Nothing.
Suppose jimmy is a terrible person. Does this affect the reasoning of his arguments?
Yes, because his terribleness motivates him to be unreasonable.
Not necessarily, because being terrible may not affect his reasoning.
We use the word "cause" in at least two different ways. 1) Sufficient cause, and 2) necessary cause. A is a necessary cause of B, if B cannot be true without A being true. A is a sufficient cause of B, if B is always true when A is true. With this is mind, in what way do we mean "A (nonbroken) light blub turning on is caused by (the right amount of) electricity flowing through it."
"Electricity flowing through it" is both necessary and sufficient.
"Electricity flowing through it" is necessary, but not sufficient.
"Electricity flowing through it" is neither necessary nor sufficient.
"Electricity flowing through it" is not necessary, but sufficient.
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