Prof vuthy exam
Prof Vuthy's Comprehensive Research Quiz
Test your knowledge on various aspects of research methodologies, sampling techniques, and empirical studies with this comprehensive quiz created by Prof Vuthy. Ideal for students and educators alike, this quiz will help reinforce your understanding of crucial concepts.
Key topics covered include:
- Research Definitions
- Sampling Methods
- Research Designs
- Empirical Research Components
What is research?
Is systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena
Is systematic and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses
Is critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena
Is controlled and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed relations among such phenomena
Is empirical and critical investigation of natural phenomena guided by theory and hypotheses about the presumed among such phenomena
What are the main points to write the literature review?
Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Where
Literature review which responds to question of When, Where, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, Why, What, How
Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, What, Where, Why
What are the Important Components of Empirical Research?
Problem statement, research questions, purposes, benefits
Theory, assumptions, background literature
Variables and hypotheses, Data analysis
Conclusions, interpretations, recommendations, Operational definitions and measurement, Research design and method logy, Instrumentation, sampling
All are corrects
What is sampling?
A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a bigger (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a smaller (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
A sample is “a bigger (but hopefully representative) without collection of units from a population used to determine truths about that population”
All are corrects
The sampling frame is the list form which the potential respondents are drawn
Registrar’s office
Class rosters
Must assess sampling frame errors
Registrar’s office, class rosters
All are corrects
How are determine our poplars of interest?
Administrators can help us
We decide to do everyone and go from there
We notice anecdotally
Or through qualitative research that a particulars subgroup of students is experiencing higher risk
All are corrects
How many factors those influence to sampling representativeness?
2
3
4
5
6
When might you sample the entire population?
When your population is very small, when you have extensive resources, and when you don’t expect a very high response
When your population is very big, when you have extensive resources, and when you don’t expect a very high response
When your population is very small, when you have extensive resources, and when you don’t expect a very low response
When your population is not very small, when you have extensive resources, and when you do expect a very high response
When your population is very big, when you have extensive resources, and when you don’t expect a very low response
The sampling process comprises several stages:
Defining the population of concern, Specifying a sampling frame, asset of items or events possible to measure
Specifying a sampling method for selecting items or events from the frame, Determining the sample size
Implementing the sampling plan, Sampling and data collecting
Reviewing the sampling process
All are correct
What is cross-sectional survey?
There is a type of observational study that involves the analysis of data collected form a population, or a representative subset, about the problem at one specific point in time
These are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the time-sequence in which thing occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.
This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. It is a “retrospective study. This means that (like a detective) you begin at the end, with the disease, and then work backwards, to hunt for possible causes.
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not completely planned by the person doing the research.
What is cohort survey?
There are studying about the problem that the problem is that you cannot be sure which came first, so this is a very weak design for drawing conclusions about causes.
Is a form of longitudinal or but extend over time study (a type of observational study) used in medicine, nursing, social science, actuarial science, business analytics
Is a type of study design used widely, originally developed in epidemiology, although its use has also been advocated for the social sciences
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention.
What is case-control study?
There are studying about the problem that the problem is that you cannot be sure which came first, so this is a very weak design for drawing conclusions about causes.
There are like surveys, but extend over time. This allows you to study changes and to establish the time-sequence in which things occur. Therefore, you can use this to study causes.
This is more practical, but suffers from other disadvantages. It is a type of study design used widely, originally developed in epidemiology, although its use have also been advocated for the social
The mainstay of experimental medical studies, normally used in testing new drugs and treatments.
There is a category of studies that falls between observational and true experimental studies. In these, there is an intervention, but it is often not completely planned by the person doing the research.
What are the diseases and conditions of the oral cavity?
Dental caries, periodontal diseases, injuries, Cancer and neoplastic disease
Systemic diseases with intra oral manifestations, Occlusal, other pathology of teeth and mucosa
Cancer and neoplastic disease
All are corrects
What is the Cluster sampling?
Process of sampling complete group of units
Method of sampling which divides the population into layers
Process of sampling incomplete group of units
Process of sampling complete group of units and Method of sampling which divides the population into layers
Process of sampling incompletes group of units and select by chance
What is the convenience sampling?
Method uses in order to pilot questionnaires or generate hypotheses for further study
Method used to locate data for development and challenging of hypotheses that derived from previous interviews
This is sampling of subjects for reasons of convenience for easy to recruit, near at hand, likely to respond
This is selection by count
This is a subset of individuals (a sample) chosen form a population
What are the elements in oral health surveys?
Planning, protocol adjustment, Conditions, Selected examiners
Sample size to be represented, epidemiology, Data collection
Equipment, instruments, materials, and Administrative issues, Data collection…
Budget, Equipment, instruments, materials
All are corrects
What are the clinical findings of one tooth?
Cavitated, filled, sealed
Caviated, filled, non cavitated lesion, sealed, sound
Cavitated, filled, non-cavitated lesion, sealed
Missing teeth,
Fracture teeth
What is an epidemiology?
The often described as the basic science of public health, and for good reason
The study events in specified population
The application of this study to the control of health problems
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states
All are corrects
Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom sampling?
Snowball sampling
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Purposing sampling
They are all forms of nonrandom sampling
When each member of a population has an equally likely chance of being selected, this is call:
A nonrandom sampling method
A quota sampling
A snowball sampling
An Equal probability selection method
Which of the following is not true about stratified random sampling?
It involves a random selection process from identified subgroups
Proportions of groups in the sample must always match their population proportions
Disproportional stratified random sampling is especially helpful for getting large enough subgroup samples when subgroup comparisons are to be done
Proportional stratified random sampling yields a representative sample
Which of the following will give a more accurate representation of the population form which a sample has been taken?
A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique
A small sample based on simple random sampling
A large sample based on simple random sampling
All small cluster sample
Sampling in qualitative research is similar to which type of sampling in quantitative research?
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
Which of the following would generally require the largest sample size?
Cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Proportional stratified sampling
Which of the following is not a type of nonrandom sampling?
Cluster sampling
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
Which of the following would usually require the smallest sample size because of its efficiency?
One stage cluster sampling
Simple random sampling
Two stage cluster sampling
Quota sampling
The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as
Sampling
Census
Survey research
None of the above
Which of the following sampling methods is the best way to select a group of people for a study if you are interested in making statements about the larger population?
Convenience sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling
Random sampling
What is a set of elements taken from a larger population according to certain rules?
Sample
Population
Statistic
Element
What is a research design?
A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory
The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods
The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. A graph
A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data
What is a cross-sectional design?
A study of one particular section of society, e.g. The middle classes
One that is devised when the researcher is in a bad mood
The collection of data form more than one case at one moment in time
A comparison of two or more variables over a long period of time
Cross cultural studies are an example of:
Case study design
Comparative design
Experimental design
Longitudinal design
A sampling frame is:
A summary of the various stages involved in designing a survey
An outline view of all the main clusters of units in a sample
A list of all the units in the population from which a sample will be selected
A wooden frame used to display tables of random numbers
A simple random sample is one in which:
From a random starting point, every nth unit from the sampling frame is selected
A non-probability strategy is used, making the results difficult to generalize
The researcher has s certain quota of respondents to fill for various social groups
Every unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected
It is helpful to use a multi-stage cluster sample when:
The population is widely dispersed geographically
You have limited time and money available for travelling
You want to use a probability sample in order to generalise the results
All are corrects
Which of the following is not a type of non-probability sampling?
Snowball sampling
Stratified random sampling
Quota sampling
Convenience sampling
Work study consists of
Effective use of plant and equipment
Effective use of human effort
Evaluation of human work
All of the above
Work study examines
Method
Duration of work
Method and duration of work
None of the above
Work study is also recognised as
Time study
Motion study
Time study and motion study
None of the above
The following factors must be considered while selecting the work for method study
Economic considerations
Technical considerations
Human reactions
All of the above
Which of the following formulae is used to determine how many people to include in the original sampling?
Desired sample size/Desired sample size+1
Proportion likely to respond/desired sample size
Proportion likely to respond/population size
Desired sample size/Proportion likely to respond
Which of the following will give a more “accurate” representation of the population from which a sample has been taken?
A large sample based on the convenience sampling technique
A small sample based on simple random sampling
A large sample based on simple random sampling
A small cluster sample
People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling method called:
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Convenience sampling
In which of the following nonrandom sampling techniques does the researcher ask the research participants to identify other potential research participants?
Snowball
Convenience
Purposive
Quota
The process of drawing a sample from a population is known as:
Sampling
Census
Survey research
None of the above
Which of the following is not an example of a nonrandom sampling technique?
Purposive
Quota
Convenience
Cluster
Which of the following is not a feature of theoretical framework?
Help you find out what is already known about this area.
Identify any inconsistencies or gaps in the literature.
Demonstrate an awareness of the theoretical context in which the current study can be located.
Find what is already known, identify gaps demonstrate awareness.
Which of the following is not a feature of theoretical framework?
Making an inventory of variables
Specify the direction of relationship
Presenting findings
Making an inventory of propositions
Which of the following is most beneficial to read in an article?
Methods
Introduction
Figures
References
Which of the following describes the nature of qualitative data interpretation?
Reflection
Integrative
Explanatory
Reflection, integrity, explanation
What is the reason for consulting handbooks, yearbooks, encyclopaedias, or reviews in the initial stages of identifying a research topic?
They are readily available
They provide an overview of the issues related to a topic
They are primary sources
They avoid reporting statistical data so one can interpret the results more easily
In which of the following sampling methods people are available such as volunteer or can be easily recruited?
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Convenience sampling
What type of the interview that is in which questions are already prepared?
Telephonic interview
Personal interview
Unstructured interview
Structures interview
The facts that should be collected to measure a variable, depend upon the
Conceptual understanding
Dictionary meaning
Operational definition
All of the above
Which of the following is a research method that allows a researcher to get information about a large number of subjects relatively inexpensively and easily?
Naturalistic observation
Case study
Laboratory observation
Survey
Social research methods include all of the following, except:
Surveys
Therapy
Experiments
Interviews
A research method in which subjects respond to a series of items in a questionnaire:
Random sample
Taret roup
Experiment
Survey
Which approach says that the purpose of research is to study the creation of social meaning?
Positivism
Interpretative social science
Critical social science
None of the above
A research method in which a researcher asks study participates several conversational stale questions and does not provide a set of responses to choose from:
Case study
Interview
Comparative method
Quantitative study
The scientific method is preferred over other ways of knowing because it is more
Reliable
Systematic
Accurate
All of these
The application of the scientific method to the study of educational problems is called
Inductive reasoning
Seductive reasoning
Educational research
Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning
Which of the following statements characterise educational research?
It furthers our understanding of educational issues, questions, or problems.
It raises new topics for study
It provides information that can improve teaching and learning
All of these
Which of the following steps of the scientific method is exemplified by the researcher reviewing the literature and focusing on a specific problem that has yet to be resolved?
Identify a topic
Describe the procedures to collects information
Analyse the collected information
State the results of the data analysis
Which of the following is a limitation of educational research?
Research cannot answer value-based problems
Researcher have ethical and legal responsibilities that can constrain their work
It is difficult to fully describe the depth of participants’ perspectives given the complexity of human behaviour
All of these
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research topic?
It is ethical
It can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data
It focuses on a philosophical or ethical issue
It is theoretically or practically significant
When there is a need to apply different data collection methods to different parts of the population, the best sampling method would be
Double sampling
Cluster sampling
Stratifies random sampling
Systematic random sampling
The sampling technique in which every element of the population has an equal, nonzero probability of being selected in a sample, is called
Probability sampling
Convenience sampling
Purposive sampling
Quota sampling
Target population is also called
Population
Survey population
Population element
Population frame
In _____, the researcher attempts to control and/or manipulate the variables in the study
Experiment
Hypothesis
Theoretical framework
Research design
In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify effect produced by the …
Dependent variable
Extraneous variable
Independent variable
Confounding variable
The interview in which questions are already prepared is called…
Telephonic interview
Personal interview
Unstructured interview
Structure interview
In …., each population element has a known and equal chance of selection
Purposive sampling
Quota sampling
Stratified sampling
Simple random sampling
�.. Is the evidence that the instrument, techniques, or process used to measure concept does indeed measure the intended concepts
Reliability
Replicability
Scaling
Validity
On which of the following, scientific knowledge mostly relies?
Logical understanding
Identification of events
Prior knowledge
All of the given options
Which of the following refers to research supported by measurable evidence?
Opinion
Empiricism
Speculation
Rationalism
Research method is applicable in all of the following fields, EXCEPT:
Health Care
Religion
Business
Government offices
All of the following are true statements about action research, EXCEPT:
Data are systematically analysed
Data are collected systematically
Results are generalisable
Results are used to improve practice
Which of the following is an ethical question that researchers undertaking a covert ethnography should ask themselves?
What form should the findings be published in?
Does it ensure the principle of “informed consent”?
How can the response rate be increased?
All of the above
A researcher conducting an overt ethnography which involves them fully experiencing the job of a call center operator adopts which of the following roles?
Complete participant
Participant-as-observer
Observer-as-participant
Complete observer
Which of the following researchers is conducting a semi-structured interview?
The researcher who has a schedule of fifty questions that they need answered by the participant
The researcher who has planned only one question in advance
The researcher who does not wish to use a tape recorder
The researcher who has a guide which state some specific topics to be covered
A practical tip for transcribing interviews is to:
Get the respondent to do it
Transcribe only those sections of an interview that are important
Invest in the latest voice recognition software
All of the above
What is the difference between a focus group and a group interview?
A focus group is use only for political research, whereas group interviews are more widely used in the social sciences.
A focus group is used at the planning stage of a research project, whereas a group interview is part of the actual data collection
A focus group is used to discuss a wide range of issues, whereas a group interview looks at one specific topic
A focus group is used to analyse group interaction, whereas a group interview is used as a straight forward data collection tool
If a study is “reliable”, this means that:
It was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted
The measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions
The findings can be generalized to other social settings
The methods are stated clearly enough for the research to be replicated
Naturalism has been defined as:
Viewing natural and social objects as belonging to the same realm
Being true to the nature of the phenomenon under investigation
Minimising the intrusion of artificial methods of data collection into the field
All of the above
In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:
The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed
The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other
A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research
An ambiguous concept whose meaning depends on how it is defined
Panel and cohort designs differ, in that:
Cohort studies involve quantitative research, whereas panel studies are qualitative
A panel study does not need rules to handle new entrants to households
Only a cohort study will suffer from sample attrition
A panel study can distinguish between age effects and cohort effects, but a cohort design can only detect ageing effects
Which of the following requirements for a dissertation may depend on your institution?
Whether an abstract should be included
The format for referencing
The word limit
All of the above
The role of a project supervisor is to:
Make sure you keep to your schedule and deadlines
Provide intellectuals support, guidance and critical feedback
Negotiate access to the research setting on the student’s behalf
Give you a reading list
You can manage your time and resources best, by:
Working out a timetable
Finding out what resources are readily available to you
Calculating a budget for likely expenditure
All of the above
How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
If they guide your literature search
If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
All of the above
Which of the following should be included in research proposal?
Your academic status and experience
The difficulties you encountered with your previous reading on the topic
Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them
All of the above
Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?
Your sample frame and sampling strategy
The ethical issues that might arise
Negotiating access to the setting
All of the above
What can you do to ensure your physical safety during your research?
Be alert to the possibility of exposure to danger
Avoid interviewing alone in the respondent’s residence
Make sure someone knows where you are and how you can contact them in an emergency
All of the above
What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research?
Find out exactly what your institution’s requirements are for a dissertation
Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use
Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee
All of the above
It is helpful to use a multi-stage cluster sample when:
The population is widely dispersed geographically
You have limited time money available for travelling
You want to use a probability sample in order to general the results
All of the above
People who are available, volunteer, or can be easily recruited are used in the sampling method called
Simple random sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Convenience sampling
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