Psychobiology 2
Dopamine Receptor Insights Quiz
Test your knowledge on psychobiology with our engaging quiz focused on dopamine receptors. This quiz will challenge your understanding of drug classifications and their effects on neurotransmitters.
- Single multiple-choice question
- Learn about agonists and antagonists
- Ideal for students and enthusiasts
The term "hyperpolarization" refers to
Greater positivity inside the neuron
Graded potentials
An increase in the membrane potential, away from ) mV
A decrease in the membrane potential, toward 0 mV
Action potentials generally are not propagated along dendrites because dendrites lack
Cell membranes
Voltage-gated ion channels
Sodium channels
Myelin
The equilibrium potential corresponds to
The action potential
The resting potential
Temporally summated graded potentials
Afterpotentials
At the peak of the action potential, the axonal membrane approaches the equilibrium potential for
K+
Cl-
Na+
All of the above
The neurotransmitter___is found in nuclei of the basal forebrain
Serotonin
Dopamine
Acetycholine
Norepinephrine
The form of conduction that is characteristic of myelinated axons is called
Progressive conduction
Insulated diffusion
Ranvier diffusion
Saltatory conduction
Drugs that mimic GABAa receptors might be effective in treating
Schizophrenia
Severe depression
Alzheimer's disease
Anxiety disorders
If drug A is found to bind to a certain type of receptor more strongly than drug B, then drug A is said to have greater
Selectivity
Affinity
Potency
Specificity
Action potentials are all-or-none phenomena. This means that
They require a certain amount of stimulus to fire
They must fire a certain number of times a second to communicate information accurately
The amplitude of the action potential changes based on the intensity of the stimulus
The amplitude of the action potential is independent of the size of the stimulus
In the mammalian brain, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter is
Glycine
GABA
Acetycholine
Serotonin
Most IPSP's are attributable to the
Closing of potassium channels
Opening of sodium channels
Opening of chloride channels
Concurrent opening of sodium, potassium, and chloride channels
Large areas of the brain are innervated by the serotonergic fibers originating from neurons along the midbrain and brainstem in the
Raphe nuclei
Locus coeruleus
Basal forebrain
Substantia nigra
Damage to the cingulate gyrus would most likely impair
Attention
Vision
Motor control
Pain perception
Which region of the cortex is crucial for motor control
Postcentral gyrus
Prefrontal cortex
Precentral gyrus
Parietal lobe
Repeated exposure to a drug leading to a decrease in physiological response is called
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Addiction
Substance abuse
In the extracellular or intracellular fluid, which of the following is an anion
Calcium
Potassium
Chloride
Both a and b
Which of the following is not a monoamine neurotransmitter
Serotonin
Epinephrine
Acetycholine
Dopamine
A neuron can be pushed to threshold if many EPSP's arrive at the axon hillock in quick succession. This process is referred to as
Threshold afterpotential
Spatial summation
Temporal summation
Active propagation
Which of the following is not a member of the amine family of small-molecule neurotransmitters
Histamine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
The active ingredient in tobacco products___the action___of
Inhibits: acetycholine
Mimics; GABA
Inhibits; GABA
Mimics; acetycholine
Whether a synapse is excitatory or inhibitory is determined by the
Size of the calcium current flowing into the presynaptic axon terminal
Number of action potentials arriving at the presynaptic axon terminal
Sensitivity of the presynaptic membrane
Type of transmitter receptor in the postsynaptic neuron
A major site of origin of projections using the transmitter norepinephrine is the
Raphe nucleus
Locus coeruleus
Basal forebrain
Substantia nigra
Down-regulation is the process by which
A smaller amount of a drug is available to the receptors over a period of time, causing an increase in the number of receptor sites
There is a decrease in the amount of drug necessary for regulation of normal functioning
There is an increase in the effectiveness of endogenous neurotransmitters
Excessive transmitter molecules are available to the receptors over a period of time, causing a decrease in the number of receptor sites
The central sulcus divides the___and___lobes
Parietal; occipital
Frontal; parietal
Frontal; temporal
Temporal; occipital
Upon reaching the threshold for an action potential, the next step in its generation is the opening of___channels
Na+
Cl-
Ca2+
K+
Downregulation of a neuron's receptors might be caused by
A drug that both inhibits and excites the nervous system
Two similar drugs exerting opposite effects
The antagonistic effects of a drug
The agonistic effects of a drug
The specialized vascular tissue that produces the cerebrospinal fluid is called the
Corpus callosum
Meninges
Tectum
Choroid plexus
The sodium-potassium pump is responsible for
Maintaining the equilibrium potential
Initiating the action potential
Exchanging three sodium ions for every two potassium ions from the intracellular environment
Exchanging three potassium ions for every two sodium ions form the intracellular environment
Which of the following about metabotropic receptors is false
They can affect gene expression
They depend on second messenger systems
They contain a specific ion channel
They cause larger-scale responses inside cells
When a person stops what they are doing and stares into space, they most likely are having a___seizure
Complex partial
Grand mal
Petit mal
Complex complete
A neuron can be pushed to threshold if many EPSP's arrive at the axon hillock at the same time, but from different locations across the cell body. This process is referred to as
Temporal summation
Active propagation
Threshold afterpotential
Spatial summation
A key causal event in the release of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles into the synaptic cleft is the
Influx of calcium ions in response to the arrival of an action potential at the terminal
Efflux of calcium ions at the axon hillock
Influx of sodium ions in response to the arrival of an action potential at the terminal
Efflux of sodium ions in response to the arrival of an action potential at the terminal
Which of the following best describes the blood-brain barrier
It is a property of neurons that prevents them from accidentally releasing their neurotransmitters into the blood circulation
It is a part of the immune system that facilitates the release of antibodies to protect the brain from infectious agents
It is a property of the blood vessels of the brain that promotes the diffusion of the nutrients into the tissue of the brain
It is a property of the walls of brain capillaries that prevents large molecules from entering the brain
A group of axons traveling together within the brain is called a
Nucleus
Ganglion
Tract
Nerve
People who have used a particular dose of a drug several times may develop a similar response to the same dosage of other drugs in the same class. This is an example of
Sensitization
Withdrawal
Tolerance
Cross-tolerance
Please refer to the image on the screen. What is item number 9
Reticular formatino
Medulla
Cerebellum
Midbrain
The brainstem consists of the
Spinal cord, cerebellum, and medulla
Midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord
Midbrain, pons, and medulla
Spinal cord, cerebellum, and pons
Please refer to the image on the screen. What is item number 5?
Fornix
Thalamus
Corpus callosum
Hypothalamus
GABA receptors are
All metabotropic
Inhibitory
Excitatory
All ionotropic
Electrostatic pressure derives from
The force that causes molecules to diffuse from high concentration to low concentration
Selective permeability
The distribution of molecules
The distribution of electrical charges
A ligand is a
Cholinergic synapse
Type of drug
Type of electrical stimulus
Substance that binds to receptor molecules
Depolarizations make a neuron
More likely to trigger a postsynaptic potential
Less likely to fire an action potential
Less likely to trigger a postsynaptic potential
More likely to fire an action potential
Which of the following is not a catecholamine neurotransmitter
Serotonin
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
The basal ganglia consists primarily of the caudate nucleus, globus palludis, and
Septal nuclei
Thalamus
Putamen
Fornix
A patient in the hospital requires anti-nausea medication. Which of the following would provide the most rapid route of administration
IV drip
Pill
Oral syrup
Subcutaneous shot
The development of___tolerance may result in a change in the number of receptors present in the cell membrane
Therapeutic
Metabolic
Cross-
Functional
In general, the action potential is initiated at the
Axon hillock
Node of Ranvier
Outer reaches of the dendrite
Synapse
During the relative refractory phase,
No amount of stimulation can induce another action potential
Voltage-gated sodium channels are open
The neuron is briefly hyperpolarized
All gated channels are closed
After release, neurotransmitters are deactivated in the synapse by
The process of enzymatic degradation
Reverse transmitters
Postsynaptic receptors
Afterpotentials
If a newly-developed drug is found to bind to dopamine receptors but does not activate them, the drug is classified as a(n)
Prototype
Endogenous ligand
Agonist
Antagonist
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