β2 agonists

Which of the following best describes the effect of β2 agonists on the eye?
Ciliary muscle relaxation leading to miosis
Ciliary muscle contraction leading to mydriasis
Ciliary muscle relaxation leading to mydriasis
Ciliary muscle contraction leading to miosis
Why are β2 agonists contraindicated in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma?
They increase intraocular pressure due to mydriasis
They decrease intraocular pressure, causing optic nerve damage
They cause contraction of the iris sphincter, blocking drainage
They increase tear production, worsening glaucoma
What is the net effect of β2 agonist stimulation on blood glucose levels?
Hypoglycemia due to increased insulin secretion
Hyperglycemia due to increased glycogenolysis and decreased insulin sensitivity
Hypoglycemia due to decreased glycogenolysis
No effect on blood glucose levels
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with continuous albuterol therapy?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Which of the following symptoms is a common side effect of β2 agonists due to their central nervous system stimulation?
Sedation
Anxiety and tremor
Drowsiness
Depression
How do β2 agonists affect urinary frequency?
Increase frequency by contracting the detrusor muscle
Decrease frequency by relaxing the detrusor muscle
Increase frequency by stimulating the bladder
Have no effect on urinary frequency
Why might β2 agonists cause tachycardia?
Direct stimulation of β2 receptors in the heart
Direct β1-mediated cardiac stimulation and reflex tachycardia due to vasodilation
Indirect effect from decreasing blood pressure
Sedative effect on the nervous system
Continuous β2 agonist therapy can lead to which of the following electrolyte abnormalities aside from hypokalemia?
Hypernatremia
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Which of the following mechanisms explains why β2 agonists can cause hyperglycemia despite promoting insulin secretion?
Increased glucagon release and decreased insulin sensitivity
Decreased glycogenolysis in the liver
Enhanced insulin sensitivity with reduced glucose production
Direct inhibition of pancreatic insulin secretion
In patients with cardiovascular disease, why should β2 agonists be used with caution?
They cause reflex bradycardia, which worsens heart failure
They can induce life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias due to tachycardia
They decrease blood pressure significantly, leading to hypotension
They increase calcium levels, affecting cardiac muscle contraction
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