Gen Path
Enzymatic degradation of the DNA
Karyorrhexis
Pyknosis
Karyolysis
Nuclear shrinkage
Karyorrhexis
Pyknosis
Karyolysis
Nuclear fragmentation
Karyorrhexis
Pyknosis
Karyolysis
Shrinkage
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Enzymatic degradation; leakage of cellular contents
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Preserved architecture of the dead tissue
Coagulative
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Caseous
Ischemia secondary to blood vessel that causes hypoxic death within the Central nervous system
Coagulative
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Caseous
Enclosed within a distinctive inflammatory border, appears a granuloma
Coagulative
Liquefactive
Gangrenous
Caseous
Mitochondria can be damaged by the ff. EXCEPT:
Decreased cytosolic Ca++
Reactive Oxygen Species
Oxygen deprivation
None of the above
A protein component of the mitochondrial transition pore, targeted by immunosuppressive drug which prevents opening of transition pore
Cyclophilin D
Cytochrome C
Caspaces
None of the above
The following are examples of antioxidants EXCEPT:
Free radicals
Vitamin A
Ascorbic acid
None of the above
Most common type of cell injury
Ischemia
Hypoxia
Cachexia
All Pass <3
More common type of PEM
Kwashiorkor
Marasmus
Which mediator is associated with fever
A. IL-1
B. TNF
C. prostaglandin
A and b
All of the above
Fungi associated with bread molds
Aspergillosis
Zygomycoses
Candidiasis
Histoplasmosis
A nine year old child had a fever of 40C. It’s followed by a rash from the face that spreads over the body after four days. Which of the following is the causative agent of the virus.
A member of the orthomyxoviridae which causes sixth disease
A member of the paramyxovridae which is transferred by aerosol
A member of the herpesviridae which causes roseola
None of the above
Which of the following is not a characteristic of marasmus
Slight loss of visceral protein compartment
Production of high levels of cortisol
Alternating zones of hyperpigmentation
Weight falls to 60% of normal for sex, height, and age
Cause skeletal muscle breakdown through NFkB-induced activation of the ubiquitin proteosome pathway, leading to the degeneration of myosin heavy chain
Proteolysis-inducing Factor
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
Both
Neither
Triggers an acute-phase response from host, increasing C-reactive proteins EXCEPT:
TNF
IL-6
Cachetin
None of the above
More common type of cell death
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Father of Modern Pathology
Rudolf Virchow
Gregor Mendel
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Robert Boyle
Which of the following doesn't give the correct Stimulus-Response:
Decreased Nutrient: Atrophy
Increased Demand: Hypertrophy
Chronic irritasion: Hyperplasia
None of the above
Cell swelling
Reversible
Irreversible
Which of the following is not part of the ultrastructural changes of reversible injury:
Plasma membrane alteration
Mitochondrial changes
Constriction of the ER
Nuclear alteration
Which of the following defines the basic morphologic changes of necrosis:
Denaturation of proteins
Enzymatic digestion of organelles and other cytosolic components
Both
Neither
Fundamental cause of necrotic cell death
Reduction of ATP levels
Reduction of O2
Toxins
None of the above
Triggers apoptosis
Cytochrome C
Caspases
Both
Neither
The following are examples of free radicals EXCEPT:
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydroxyl Ions
Peroxynitrate ion
None of the above
What kind of cellular response does the body undergoes during Papilloma virus infection
Apoptosis
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
None of the above
Pathogen/s that is/are degraded by autophagy
Mycobacterium
Shigella
HSV-1
All of the above
Wear-and-tear pigment
Lipochrome
Lipofuscin
Both
Neither
Deposition occurs locally in dying tissues
Dystrophic calcification
Metastatic calcification
Cells/Molecules involved in septic shock
Neutrophil
Cytokines
Complement
None of the above
Scavenger receptor bind and mediate endocytosis of:
HDL
VLDL
Microbes
None of the above
Major opsonin:
IgG antibody
C3b
Mannose-binding lectin
All of the above
Triggered by fixation of C1 to antibody that has combined with antigen
Classical pathway
Lectin Pathway
Alternative pathway
Triggered by microbial surface molecule
Classical pathway
Lectin Pathway
Alternative pathway
Mannose-binding lectin binds to carbohydrate for activation of C1
Classical pathway
Lectin Pathway
Alternative pathway
The property of eosinophil that is responsible for toxicity to parasites
Major Basic Protein
Charcot-Leyden Crystals
Both
Neither
Liver regenerations occurs by which mechanism:
Proliferation of remaining hepatocyte
Repopulation from progenitor cells
Both
Neither
In chronic pulmonary congestion, the septa thickened and fibrotic, and the alveoli contain numerous:
Hemosederin-laden macrophage
Heart failure cells
Both
Neither
Which of the following is not a bleeding disorder
Hageman Factor deficiency
Hemophilia
Rosenthal Syndrome
Factor X deficiency
Inactivates Va and VIIIa
Protein S
Protein C
Both
Neither
Women are more susceptible to UTI because of:
PH of the vagina
The length of the urethra
Use of feminine wash
All of the above
IDL is converted to:
LDL
HDL
VLDL
Chylomycrons
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