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Seismic Reflection Surveying

Reflected Rays are...

The increase of reflected travel time with offset distance

When seismic waves are reflected in the subsurface back to the surface

Waves that have been reflected several times

Underground explosions where the rays are reflected back to the surface

What are the two types of water layer reverberations?

Short-path multiples

Ghost reflections

Stacking

Long-path multiples

Split-spread

Underground explosions where the rays are reflected back to the surface are...

Coherent Noise

Water Layer Reverberations

Ghost Reflection

Random Noise

Scary

Coherent and random noise are hard to dissociate. What test would you apply to differentiate them?

Walk-away test

Common Mid-point test

Walk-away spray test

Common Point test

In a split-spread survey design...

The detectors are located on one side of the central shot point

The waves of a marine source are reflected on the sea bed continuously

The detectors are located on either side of the central shot point

The rays are reflected only once

The layers are dipping

The Dix formula is used for

Dipping reflectors

When there are several layers

Ghost reflections

Stacking

Increases the Signal to Noise Ratio

Decreases the Signal to Noise ratio

Is when a seismogram is produced for each geophone

Lowers the amplitude

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