Bio Psych_Quiz 1
Which of the following is not a criterion for a receptor?
Saturability
Saturability
Presence on a presynaptic neuron
Specificity
Defined distribution within the brain
Which of the following definitions best describes a partial agonist at a receptor?
Substances which initiate less than the maximal response in at the receptor
The ease with which the substance combines with its receptor
The ability of a drug to initiate a response
Substances which initiate a maximal response at the receptor
The dose or concentration needed to elicit a standard response
The putative mechanism of action of the majority of antipsychotic drugs in current therapeutic use is blockade of post synaptic dopamine D2 receptors. As a consequence of this action which statement is true?
They are indicated for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia
They elevate plasma prolactin and produce Parkinsonian symptoms
All drugs are equally potent for treatment of psychosis
The drugs are primarily indicated for obsessive compulsive disorder
The drugs are useful in patients with cognitive impairment
Atypical antipsychotic drugs are thought to exert their effects through both dopamine D2 receptors and 5HT2A receptors. This seems to endow them with some beneficial properties compared to the typical agents. However there are some side effects. The most concerning of these is which of the following?
Substantial weight gain in some patients
Parkinsonian symptoms
Dry mouth and blurred vision
Elevation of prolactin secretion
No effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Receptors are proteins often found on the cell surface. They can be divided into two main types, one being G protein coupled. What is the other?
Trans-membrane spanning domains
CAMP second messengers
Serotonin receptor superfamilies
Receptor regulated ion channels
Alpha helical regions
Which of the following substances does not function as a neurotransmitter?
Tryptophan
GABA
Glutamate
Glycine
Dopamine
The primary goal in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease is to restore dopamine function. How is this accomplished in clinical practice?
By using the precursor of dopamine synthesis L-DOPA
By prevention of dopamine break down with metabolism inhibitors such as MAO-B and COMT inhibitors
By the use of dopamine agonists
Using anti-cholinergic agents
All of the above methods alone or combination are frequently used
Commonly receptors are located on pre-synaptic neurons. What is the primary function of such receptors?
They have no direct physiological function
They receive input from different neurotransmitters than that of the primary neuron
They function as a so-called auto-receptor control their own synthesis
They control the function of glial cells
They have a role in regulating neurotransmitter transporter molecules
Consider the diagram above. What is the rank order of potency for these four drugs at the receptor?
B>C>D>A
C>D>B>A
B>D>C>A
A>B>C>D
A=B>C>D
Consider the set of dose response curves for a series of drug acting at a receptor as shown below. With respect to these three compounds which of the following statements is correct?
Drug X is more potent than either Y or Z
Y is a full agonist
X and Z are equipotent
X has greater efficacy than Z
The maximum efficacy of Y is greater than Z
Which of the following enzymes is regarded as rate limiting for the synthesis of dopamine?
Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
Catechol – O - methyl transferase (COMT)
Dopamine – β - hydroxylase
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)
In recent years the so called “atypical” or second generation antipsychotic drugs have been introduced for the treatment of schizophrenia. Which statement best characterises the difference between typical or first generation and atypical antipsychotic medications?
Atypicals are characterised by less EPS symptoms and little or no tardive dyskinseia
Atypical antipsychotic drugs are not as effective as typicals
Typical antipsychotic drugs never cause Parkinson like symptoms
Typical antipsychotic drugs do affect the secretion of prolactin
Atypical antipsychotic drugs do not affect dopamine D2 receptors
Drugs acting as agonists and antagonist at dopamine D2 receptors are characterised by markedly different physiological responses. Thus a compound such as bromocriptine which is a dopamine D2 agonist, if administered would likely result in which of the following actions?
Prevention of nausea
Relief of the symptoms of schizophrenia
Suppression of prolactin secretion
Induction of an extrapyramidal syndrome
Cause anxiety attacks
Which of the following can be classified as an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
Taurine
Tryptophan
Serotonin
Which of the following can be classified as an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)
Taurine
Tryptophan
Serotonin
Parkinson’s disease is a specific neurological disorder resulting from a loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. A model of the disorder has been developed based on lesioning studies with the specific neurotoxin MPTP. This agent must be bioactivated by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) to form MPP+ before its effects are apparent. Which of the following statements are true?
There is no effective way of protecting against the effects of MPTP.
MAO inhibiting drugs afford full protection against MPTP
Neuronal dopamine uptake blockers offer no protection against MPTP
Increasing the activity of MAO should offer a neuroprotective strategy
The damage to neurons can be reversed by treatment with antidepressants
Tardive dyskinesia and other extrapyramidal syndromes have most often been associated with the use of which type of psychotropic medications?
Dopamine D2 blockers
Benzodiazepines
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Hypnotic agents
5HT1A partial agonists
Depending on whether they act as agonists or antagonists at dopamine D2 receptors some drugs may be used to suppress the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (agonists) or may cause Parkinsonian like symptoms (antagonists). Which of the following statements could also be used to distinguish D2 agonists from D2 antagonists?
D2 agonists and D2 antagonists can cause vomiting
Binding of the agonists and the antagonists to the D2 receptor stimulates adenylate cyclase activity
D2 agonists suppress and D2 antagonists increase prolactin secretion
D2 agonists are effective antipsychotic drugs but antagonists are not
None of the above
Neurotransmitters are released from pre-synaptic nerve terminals by two processes. One is diffusion, what is the other?
Catabolism
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Ion exchange
Electrophoresis
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is based mainly on the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. Some additional clinical observations also support the idea. Which of the following could be considered as support for the hypothesis?
High doses of the drug L-DOPA worsen psychotic symptoms
Amphetamines exacerbate the positive symptoms of the disorder
Dopamine agonists may exacerbate the symptoms
Drugs which inhibit the enzyme dopamine-β-hydroxylase also worsen the symptoms
All of the above.
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