Chapter 3-4 PSYCH 101 JES

Your ongoing interactions with the environment can also turn genes on or off.

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What you eat, whether you smoke or drink, your stress levels, and other environmental factors can influence how your DNA works.

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Francis Galton was the first to use the phrase "nature versus nurture"

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The contributions of heredity to our physical structure and behaviors.

Nuture

Nature

The contributions of environmental factors and experience to our physical structure and behaviors.

Nuture

Nature

An individuals profiles of alleles.

Genotype

Phenotype

Observable characteristics.

Phenotype

Genotype

Small segment of DNA located in a particular place on a chromosome.

Gene

Gene expression

The process in which genetic instructions are converted into a feature of a living cell.

Gene expression

Gene

Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes.

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Gene expression in a nerve cell is different from gene expression in a muscle cell or a skin cell.

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A feature of an allele that determines a phenotype in either the homozygous or the heterozygous condition.

Relatedness

The probability that two people share the same allele from a common ancestor.

A feature of an allele that determines a phenotype in either the homozygous or the heterozygous condition.

The Mothers allele is A and the Fathers allele is A. What blood type does this produce?

The Mothers allele is B and the Fathers allele is O. What blood type does this produce?

The Mothers allele is O and the Fathers allele is O. What blood type does this produce?

The chance that you share an allele with one of your parents is one half, as is the chance that you share an allele with a sibling.

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You have a one quarter likelihood of sharing an allele with an aunt or uncle.

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Mark all that are true.

Females carry two copies of the X chromosome.

The allele responsible for hemophilia is found in the X chromosome.

Males carry one X and one Y chromosome.

If a son inherits this X chromosome (hemophilia) then he will have the disease because he does not have a healthy X chromosome to offset the disease

Two processes for producing epigenetic change are histone modification and DNA methylation.

Histone modification occurs when certain chemicals interact with the tail or core of histone.

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DNA methylation

Occurs when a methyl group(one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms) attaches to the DNA molecule.

Occurs when certain chemicals interact with the tail or core of histone.

Behavioral genetics- The scientific field that attempts to identify and understand links between genetics and behavior.

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The statistical probability that a trait in one person will be shared by another; usually discussed in relation to identical and fraternal twins.

Concordance rates

Heritability

The statistical likelihood that variations observed in a population are because of genetics.

Concordance rates

Heritability

Heritability refers to populations, not individuals.

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Mark all that are true

Evolution-Descent with modification from a common ancestor

Mutation- Errors that occur when DNA is replicated.

The process by which survival and reproduction pressures act to change the frequency of alleles in subsequent generations.

Migration- Movement to a new location.

Genetic drift- change in a population's genes from one generation to the next because of chance or accident.

Fitness- The ability of one genotype to reproduce more successfully relative to other genotypes.

Adaption- A change because of natural selection.

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Chapter 3-4 PSYCH 101 JES

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