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Psych213

What are two stands of studying personality

Pathology and individual difference

Medical model and healing

The inability to meet basic needs as a child, and poor parenting were the reason why a childs personality did not develop properly

Yes, everyone experiences these anxieties, how ever when they are to a great extreme neurosis develops

No, childhood neurosis is biological

What are the characteristics of a healthy development according to horney

A warm, loving and consistent experience with parents

Postive regard, incongruence, sympathy

The environment we are in influences who we are and how we behave according to Karen Horney

Yes, we are social being and we are dependent on how we socialise with others

No, only our home eviroment and the relationship within the family is important

Being insecure, distrustful, dependent and isolation are examples of basix anxiety getting out of hand

Yes

Parents can be either overly stick and overly permissive and this will cause

Inferiority complex and superiority complex

Neurosis

Neurotic traits are

Unconscious, rigid and compulsive

Conscious, flexible and controllable

What are the tyranny of should ?

Charaters from game of thrones

The development of a ideal selfs and contingencies that have to be met by a neurotic person.

What is the difference between detached types and aggressive types?

Social attention and recognition

The desire to isolated

What is the similarity between complaint types and aggressive types

They both depend on others perception

They are humble

What is arbitrary rightness

The desire, and goal to be right all the time

To not take a side, so they are right

What is female masochism

The belief that female get pleasure from being submissive and enduring pain

Females feeling jealous of men having the penis and there wanting be like men

What are some weakness of hornets theory

It was general in terms of normal behaviour and also takes about abnormal development and how it begins

It had little research, it was difficult to measure, it is too parsimonious

Who proposed the social learning theory and also the concept of self efficacy

Albert bandura

Rollo may

What components had to be available for observational learning to be effective

Attractives, status, admiration

Unattractiveness, punishment, difficult tasks

Motivational process of observational learning is

Physical mimicry

Seeing value in a behaviour

Which of the two pertains to encoding bevaiour into memory

Rententional process

Attentional process

Which of the two has to do with observing characteristics and the resources active cognitively

Attentional process

Motor reporduction process

Internal rewards are more beneficial than external rewards according to Bundura

True

False

Psychopathology is caused by faulty learning and incorrect anticipation, what are some byproduct of dysfunctional expectancy

Depression, helplessness, inability to perform

Helpfulness, performance ability, and courage

Who proposed that the personality may alter in a situation causing a different form of behaviour, this person also proposed the consistency paradox, which states that we need to understand both the situation and the personality y inorder to accurately predict behaviour

Water michelle

Walter mischel

Behavioural specificity proposes that our behaviour is determined by the situation

Walter mischel

Threat = aggressiveness

The concept that behaviour influences the environment and that the environment influences behaviour is a concept of

Reciprocal determinism

Motivational mimicry

The concept that different people focus on different components of the same situation is a defined as

Encoding strategy

Reciprocal determinism

Expectancies

The evaluation of the outcome and weather or not to perform or omit a behaviour

What if I cheat on my exam

When we evaluate our own performance an then use this evaluation to adjust our behaviour

Self regulatory system by walter mischel

Self reinforcement system

They system whereby we monitor our own behaviour and punish or reward ourselves

Self regulatory system

Self reinforcement system

The idea of clustering common factors with the sam latent drive which was don by cattell and other lexical researchers

Factor analysis

Cluster buster

The comparison of three people and using two similar and one different is

Rep grid test

Contract theory

G. Kelly proposed that we create our own hypothesis about situation and test them out, however our test are not very reliable because they are based by social environment that we like, what did kelly propose about psychological problems

They are due using unhelpful contracts, invalid contrast do define our environment

We need to change our hypothesis through counselling

Collaborative elaboration is

The process of challenging and changing the unhelpful contracts we use

Exploring motivation of contsructs

Pschologycial disturbances are due to improper use of rational and irrational thinking was a concept proposed by

Ablert ellis

Albert bundura

Ellis believes which of the flowing statements about the world to be rational

The world is a fair and just place

People have a preference for fairness

When human do what is their best interest even when they seen like they are considering other is an example of

Ellis theory

Enlightened self interest.

The ABC model of behaviour proposes

That there is an activating event and the individuals belief system about that even is what is possibly responsible for the consequences they experience

The disputation and distraction is the key to changing ones perspective

What to the letter B and D stand for in the ABC model

The belief the client has has has to be deconstructed and the dysfunctional beliefs have to be challenged

Dysfunction and behaviour

What are two sources of psychological disturbance

Ego disturbance and discomfort disturbance

Unfulfilled goals and too many conditions of worth

What are similarities between the theory proposed by Albert Ellis and the one proposed by Kelly

The focus on uniqueness, testability, insight oriented.

Parsimony

The needs that are physiological

Deficiency needs

Growth needs

When maslow described self actualisers he defined people who he had arbitrarily chosen to have B cognition

True

False

What are differences between mallows conception of self actualisation and rogers conception

Rogers believed that childhood experience is a main determinant of weather or not we actualise. He proposed that congruency between our actual self and our ideal self would lead to actualisation. To actualise is to grow to ones full potential in the right environment

Maslow believed that to actualise one had to have the power to lookout the world from a non judgemental stand point. To actualise to to first satisfy all the prior basic needs.

What is d cognition

What are conditions of worth

To have either fewer conditions between your idealised self and your real self. Or alternatively to have greater a greatr conditions of worth between your real self and idealised self

To be low functioning or to be high functioning

What are the consequences of high conditions of worth

Psychological illness , discontentment, antisocial behaviour

Contentment, congruency, and mental health

What are rogers core conditions of counselling

Addressing incongruence, positive regard, counsellor congruence, insight

Postive regard, empathy, insight,

What three conditions have to considered when understanding traits

Frequency, intensity, range

Situation, nomothetic, ideographic

Which is the best trait order to reflect influence on behaviour from greatest influence to the least

Secondary, central and cardinal

Cardinal, central an secondary

What did gordon all port believe was the contributor to the self

The combination of traits

The interaction of the environment and the proprium

What are the two types of traits that gordon all port made a distinction between

Source and surface

Environmental or genetic

What is the nature of extraversion _ and what is the nature of sociability_

Surface and source

Source and surface

What is the dynamic lattice and what does it belong to

It belongs to further subdivision of traits and the lattice is divided into attitudes, ergs, and sentiments

The hypothetical constructs expressing our instincts, our innate drives and our opinions

How many traits were in hans eysnecks model of traits

What were the three traits in hans eysnecks model

Psychotic, extraversion and neuroticism

Machavelianism, narcissism, psychotics

What is the order of traits according to hans eysneck

Specific responses, habitual responses, traits and super traits

Extraversion, sociability, initiating conversation, telling a joke

According to harness biological differences were responsible for personality variation an the environment helped express them

True

False

The ascending reticulular activating system

Reticula cortico which deals with th arousal from incoming stimulus

Reticula limici deals with the emotional stimuli

Extraverts have

Low reticulo cortico and seek more stimulation

High reticulo portico and avoid situations

People who are condition by reward and seek activities with a potential reward, who also have a higher chance of being impulsive

B.A.S

B.INHIBITORY.S

People who are motivated to avoid situations, they are sensitive to punishment, and potential danger, and also have a higher potential to be anxious are

B.APPROACH.S

B.I.S

What biological factors influence intelligence

Brain size

Blood to brain ratio

Who believed that traits were stable through time

Weschler

Welch

The improvement of human genes through the sterilisation of people and selective breeding

Who proposed factor analysis by understanding the existence of a g factor and specific domain factors

Flynn

Spearman

Who believed that they were seven clusters of intelligence and PMA, primary mental abilities

Thurstone the PMA

Gardner hippie

Who proposed that there were other forms of intelligence such as spiritual intelligence, existential and moral intelligence

Gardener the 8 man

Gardner the hippie

Who proposed that there were three types of intelligence, analytic, creative and practical

Sternberg the creative pragmatics

Sternberg the analytic psychologist

Who created a test for tp identify children who are struggling to cope, and created an IQ test = mental age devided by chronological age

Merman

Alfred hospital for kids binet

Who administered or created the army alpha and army beta tests, and was interested in cutting out the feeble minded

Yerkes mr 60minutes test

Ravens

Why was ravens so special

Developed tests that did not require the use of english

Used pictures, shapes, patterns

Thorndike the mechanist like the dude pragmatist sternberg believed in personality having three factors

Practical, analytic and creative

Mechanical, social and abstract

Who proposed that there were two type of intelligence, fluid and crystal

Raymond cattell

Cattle raymond

Who proposed the three general facts of intelligence, gv, gr, gap

General visual, general retrieval and general speed processing

General raymond cattell

Who proposed the CAS, cognitive assessment system to understand the brain area that was responsible for a type of cognitive functioning

Luria

Pass theorists

Who proposed matrices that focused of abstract abilities, the use of test without language and using test that could measure intelligence cross culturally

Revan patten lady

Cattell 16 man

What theory posits that people are getting smarter from generation to generation, there are rising scores in iq and that the way we have learn to compartmentalise data has helped us up our id scores from generation to generation. This genius also proposed that greater nutrition, technologicaldevelopment and less infectious deceases were possible variables that contributed to this process

Flynn

Lebrun james

Which test was designed to measure the intelligence of kids between grade 1 - 12. However was extended to measure up to 25 years old. The test measured academic achievement and the theorist has the same name as our lecture

Kuafman

Anderson

Left hemisphere with consciousness and the right hemisphere with unconscious drives

Steph curry

Alexandra romanovich

Learning the sequence one has to go through to attain a certain goal is called

Successive processing

Simultaneous processing

Adding up related concepts of information to increase spacial awareness

Successive processing

Simultaneous processing

Pleasure is the highest good and humans should aim to maximise it and minimise pain

Eudiamonia

Hedonism

Which cluster contains paranoid, schizoid, schizotypical personalities

Cluster A

Cluster Away fro earth

Which cluster contains the emotional, dramatic, and erratic

Which cluster contains the mood swings, always looking for new situation, seeking attention , anxious, fearful, avoidant

Cluster crazy partner

Cluster C

Who is dominant more likely to get stressed, competitive and more likely to exploit

Type A

Type B

Higher levels of hostility are said to be toxic to one cardiovascular health and they are a component of which type of personality

Type A

Type B

What are the three characteristics of checks and balances

Need to maximise pleasure, the need to maintain self coherence and stability, interpersonal need, and positive esteem need

Cognitive experiential theory, CEST, all three needs be in balance and if one takes precedes the others get hungry

The need for autonomy, competence and relatedness is the basis of which theory

Self determination theory

Independent need, with intrinsic and extrinsic alteration

What are three levels of processing needs

Biological tissue needs, individual needs, and social needs

Food, competence, inter relations

Who was the first to empirically measure intelligence, specifically attitude and aptitude

Sir francis galton

Hans eysneck

Which theory pertains the three layers of the psychic , the ID, EGO, Super EGO

Psychoanalytic

Alderman

What is reaction formation

A defence mechanism used to overcome and impulse by overcompensating

A psychosomatic disorder

Whats conversion reaction

A defence mechanism by which psychological problems manifest into physical symptoms

Converting a pessimist into an optimist

Whats an example of undoing

To undo my bad luck I have to hold my collar till a dog walks past

If I work had enough and be positive I will achieve

What its primary process thinking

Using an innate, subconscious system

To thinking rationally using higher order cortices

What is an example of secondary process thinking

Dreams, subconscious

Rational thinking , precocious

What is libido

Mental energy a child is born with, which later motivates sexual drives

Sexual stamina which unconscious

What is an erogenous zone

And area that is sensitive to stimulation during development

The time when one is most likely to be themselves

What is fixation

The phenomenon when one over induces in a stage during development

When the person cannot concentrate on more than one object

What are the five stages of freuds childhood development theory

Oral, anal, phallic, genital, latent

Oral, rational, public,toilet training

The belief that all patients thoughts lead to something subconscious, resistance is the refusal for the client to let the therapist analyse their subconscious motives

Free association

Catharsis

Slips of the tough are an example of

Parallaxes

Paraplexis

Where the psycho sexual stages empirically valid

Yes

Was frauds theory , comprehensive, parsimonious, have heuristic value and applicable

Yes

What is the inferiority in in reference to alder jung and horney

The inability to compensate of anxieties caused by some childhood relationships

Feeling like you better than others

What is imaginary inferiority

Socially prescribed inferiority, these are societies standards that differ from culture to culture

Becoming overly obsessed with winning

Is becoming over obsessed with winning and example of inferiority complex

Yes

The goal to become superior according to alder is an example of

Teleology

Eudomonia

What is compensation in reference to inferiority complex

A method of countering inferiors created by our environment and society

Becoming obsessive with the opposite of your weakness

Which as is a persons style of life established

3 to 5

10 to 18

Does birth order change how you are treated by parents according to alder

Yes and it alters how you turn out as an adult

No parents love all their kids equally is an innate human trait

Who is more likely to be a high achiever but also have a high need for approval

The only child

First born child

Which theory covers the concept of the dethroned monarch

Alder birth order theory

Frued psycho sexual

Which are the characteristics of a neurotic personality

Machavelism, nassasicm, and anger

Unhealthy self perception,fear of challenge, excuse making and avoidance

What is to have a high social interest

To go on media platforms a lot

To be less self centred, less hostile and to cooperate and enjoy being part of the community

The understanding of ones life style, using the therapeutic approach, and understanding the perception of childhood are characteristics of

The adlerian approach to therapy

Carl rogers approach to therapy

The desire to be in power, have a lack of social interest, and exploit others is an example of

An avoidant personality

A ruling type of personality

Did frued and alder both agree that dreaming was a way to avoid displeasure and create cognitive balance

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