Understanding Female Reproductive Anatomy Quiz
Understanding Female Reproductive Anatomy Quiz
Test your knowledge of the complex structures and fun
Features of the quiz:
- 28 detailed questions
- Multiple choice format
- Focus on anatomy and physiology
The oviduct:
The wall is composed of 3 layers; mucosa, muscularis and serosa
The mucosa is composed of epithelium and lamina propria
The mucosa has longitudinal folds
At the uterus side (intramural part) has well developed muscular layer
Infundibulum opens into peritoneal cavity
Has glands
The oviduct:
Has not got any glands
Ampulla is the site of fertilization
Secretion of epithelium promotes activation of spermatozoa (capacitation process)
The simple columnar epithelium contains ciliated and secretory cells
Is muscular tube of great motility
Choose correct statements:
Cells of theca interna produce androstenedione, precursor for estrogen
Zona pellucida contains protein that is the receptor for spermatozoa needed for fertilization
Corpus luteum occurs in ovary before ovulation
Corpus luteum occurs in ovary after ovulation
Theca interna has secretory function - androstenedione, testosterone
Theca interna:
Formed by stromal cells
Has secretory function
Is well visible in multilaminar secondary follicle
Its function is under LH control
Theca externa:
More fibrous, consists of loose connective tissue
Consists of fibroblasts and numerous collagen bundles
Smooth muscle cells surrounding the stroma
Its function is under FSH control
Has secretory function (aromatase, precursor for estradiol)
Is well visible in the secondary/antral follicle
More fibrous, consists of dense connective tissue
Granulosa cells:
Produce sex hormones
Located above gap junctions
Proliferate into a stratified follicular epithelium known as the zona granulosa
Can be well seen in the multilaminar follicle
Located between gap junctions
Ovary:
Functions are oogenesis and steroidogenesis
Covered by simple squamous/cuboidal epithelium
Covered by simple squamous/columnar epithelium
Tunica albuginea of dense connective tissue covers it
Has NO glands in cortex
Has vessels and loose connective tissue in medulla
Ovary:
Surface is covered by the germinal epithelium
Follicles are embedded in the stroma of cortex
Antral follicles are characterized by spaces between granulosa cells
Graafian follicle has a very large single antrum
Has glands in cortex
Zona pellucida:
Is formed in the unilaminar follicle
Contains glycoproteins ZP3 that is responsible for sperm binding
Zona reaction prevents polyspermy
Is required to initiate the acrosome reaction
Cervix:
Superior part of uterus
Composed of simple columnar epithelium ̈
Estradiol helps the spermatozoa to pass easily
Progesterone creates a dense mucous that protects from bacteria
Undergo cyclic changes
Vagina:
Consists of 3 layers
Mucosal layer is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Mucosal layer is divided into 3 layers
Mucosal layer has long papillae and many elastic fibers, lymphocytes and neutrophils
Numerous glands in vagina
Bartholin’s gland is provided by the vagina
Muscularis has inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layer
Adventitia is of dense connective tissue
Mammillary glands:
They develop from endoderm
Consists of 15-20 tubuloacinar lobes made of simple cuboidal epithelium
Lactiferous duct emerges to nipple
Alveolar secretory unit develop before puberty
Identical in male and female until puberty
Lactation begins in late pregnancy
Lactation involves protein exocytosis and apocrine secretion of lipid droplets
Develops from ectoderm
Alveolar secretory unit develop after puberty
Uterine wall layers:
Perimetrium is the outer connective tissue layer
Perimetrium is composed of mostly serosa
Perimetrium is covered by mesothelium
Myometrium is the thickest part and is highly vascularized
Uterine wall layers:
Endometrium is the mucosa layers
Lamina propria of endometrium consists of CT type 3 with fibroblasts and ground substance
Endometrium consists of simple cuboidal epithelium
The epithelium of endometrium is ciliated
Glands of uterus is located in endometrium
Basal layer of endometrium includes the end of glands
Functional layer of endometrium includes the length of glands
Endometrium consists of simple columnar epithelium
Ovary – pick up true sentence:
Histologically is subdivided into cortex and medulla
The function of theca interna cells is under LH control
The function of theca externa cells is under FSH control
Contains many primordial follicles in its medulla
The function of granulosa cells are under FSH control
Ovary – pick up true sentence:
In estrogen synthesis participate also theca externa cells
Its exocrine function is related to egg cell production
The most external part of ovary forms germinal epithelium
Is covered by granulosa cells
Surface is covered by the germinal epithelium
Contains many primordial follicles in its cortex
Function of female reproductive system – choose correct
Provides the environment for fertilization
Synthesis of androgens
Growing of oocytes
Provides the environment for sperm capacitation
Liberation of estrogens
Estrogens and progesterone control the function of female reproductive system
Hormonal regulation and secretion in female reproductive system:
Growth of ovary follicle is FSH dependent
Ovulation is the result of peak of LH
Estrogens stimulate increase of the length and number of cilia on epithelial cells of uterine tubes
External genitalia are developed under placental estrogens
Find true about female reproductive cycle:
Primordial follicles with primary oocytes are surrounded by flattened follicular cells
The surge of LH results in ovulation
The ampulla of oviduct has many mucosal folds, no muscular layer
Myometrium is the thinnest layer
Ovulated follicle collapses and becomes temporary corpus luteum
Primordial follicles contain secondary oocyte
The secretory phase of the ovarian cycle begins soon after ovulation
Primordial follicles contain primary oocyte
Choose correct about female gametes:
In a 7-month old embryo, in ovaries are about 7 million oogonia
Just before ovulation the primary oocyte completes the 1st meiotic division
At puberty ovaries contain about 300.000 oocytes
Primary oocytes are arrested in first meiotic division
The first arrest of meiosis occurs during the prophase of cell division
Secondary oocytes are arrested in second meiotic division
Find true about menstrual and ovarian cycle:
Usually only one oocyte is ovulated, others undergo atresia
Follicular growth is stimulated by FSH
Usually starts between 12-15 years of age
Includes follicular phase, ovulation and luteal phase
Follicular growth consists of modification of the oocyte, of the granulosa cells and stromal fibroblasts around follicles
In estrogen synthesis participate also theca externa cells
Find true about menstrual and ovarian cycle:
Primordial follicles under FSH stimulation begin a process called follicular growth
The function of granulosa cells are under FSH control
Secretory phase – coiled glands
Secretory phase occurs after ovulation
Atresia of follicle results in corpus luteum formation – ovulated follicle
Follicular phase – growth of ovarian follicles under control of FSH
14th day of cycle – the ovulation
Glands of uterine cervix are mucous secreting
Corpus luteum/corpus albicans:
Corpus luteum of pregnancy produces a lot of progesterone
After fertilization and implantation corpus luteum becomes corpus luteum of pregnancy
Corpus luteum is formed from ovulated Graafian follicle
Corpus luteum produces a lot of progesterone and estrogen
Corpus luteum is formed by granulosa cells and theca externa cells
Corpus luteum occurs in ovary after ovulation
Corpus luteum of pregnancy start to disappear when placenta start to produce progesterone
After fertilization and implantation corpus luteum become corpus luteum of menstruation
Ovarian follicles – choose correct:
Oocyte possesses microvilli
Corona radiate is formed by follicular cells closely located to oocyte
Zona pellucida has acellular composition
Within unilaminar primary follicle oocyte continue rapid proliferation
The most immature one is primordial follicle
Primary oocytes of primordial follicle are enveloped by one layer of follicular cells
Corona radiate is well visible in Graafian follicle
Corpus albicans is the remnants of corpus luteum of menstruation
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