Week 9: Diversity
Understanding Diversity: A Quiz
Test your knowledge and understanding of diversity, ingroup/outgroup dynamics, and bias through this engaging quiz. Challenge yourself with carefully crafted questions that explore important social concepts.
- Explore key concepts related to diversity.
- Assess your understanding of ingroup and outgroup behavior.
- Learn about biases and their impacts on society.
Which of these statements is true about stereotypes? Check all that apply.
Stereotypes are related to system 1 level of processing.
The implicit bias related to stereotypes is difficult to eliminate.
We tend to use stereotypes more easily for outgroup members than for ingroup members.
All stereotypes are rooted in personal experience.
During the "Robbers Cave Experiment" in 1954, two groups of 12-year old boys were invited to a special summer camp. Neither group knew that the other existed, but when they finally met, conflict occurred. Based on what you know about ingroup/outgroup dynamics, what types of factors do you think led to conflict? Check all that apply.
The boys were encouraged to think of their summer camp group as only temporary.
In each group, the boys developed distinctive insignia, songs and even a special name for the group that emphasized their group identity.
When the two groups first met, they were encouraged to see the other group as being just like themselves.
The groups thought that they were in competition for resources, such as the use of the one and only softball field.
Biases toward out-groups are especially prevalent in the context of marginalized communities or identities. In what ways might these biases be expressed? Check all that apply.
Individuals who are not in the marginalized group will often interact with them by applying stereotypes to individuals from the marginalized groups.
Individuals within a marginalized group may themselves internalize some of the negative stereotypes that target them.
Since in-group identities are not easily changed, marginalized groups can never be seen as part of a larger group that includes non-marginalized groups.
Without any explicit intent on the part of policy-makers or cultural leaders, social systems (for example, systems for the distribution of resources) will often be biased against members of marginalized groups.
Some ingroups have a low priority for us, and we abandon them easily when we need to lend our support to a higher priority ingroup, such as our family. What might you do to make a low priority ingroup into one that is higher priority? Check all that apply.
Create an "other," that is an outgroup which is opposed to the ingroup.
Remind ingroup members that they may belong to multiple ingroups.
Emphasize competition for scarce resources.
Emphasize the threat posed by an outgroup.
Andreas Olsson and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute have examined social learning through various paradigms. Which of these statements are true about their work? Check all that apply.
Humans can acquire conditioned responses, even at a very basic physiological level, just by watching other humans as they are being conditioned.
Our ability to acquire conditioning through social learning is probably related to some of the ways that we acquire habits and attitudes from our culture (or ideology).
Social learning paradigms clearly demonstrate that in-groups are very rigid and cannot be changed.
The amount of time it takes to acquire conditioning through social learning varies according to whether one is observing an in-group or an out-group member.
Which statements are true about ingroup/outgroup distinctions? Check all that apply.
We more readily absorb conditioning from ingroup members.
Ingroup/outgroup distinctions are invariable and absolute.
Humans can very easily form new ingroups, even after just a few minutes of interaction.
Group distinctions based on physical appearance are less easily manipulated.
According to Dr. Amrita Chakrabarti Myers, which of the following is true?
Bias only arises if people are exposed to TV shows with biased views between the ages of 8-12 years.
Bias has dramatically increased since the advent of social media.
We soak bias in from the culture that we live in.
This is a trick question - Dr. Myers did not talk about bias.
Which statement explains why human cooperation is necessarily diverse?
The diversity of cultural perspectives requires individual humans to be diverse, since individual human evolution tracks cultural evolution across all social networks.
Without diversity, humans would all be the same.
If all humans in a cooperative network have approximately the same skills and problem-solving perspectives, then the network will simply intensify a single set of skills and perspectives, instead of containing a wider range of skills and perspectives.
Actually, human cooperation is not necessarily diverse; it only seems that way.
Social threat—for example, the threat of being excluded from a group—is perceived by humans as especially dangerous. Why?
The negativity bias makes all threats seem important, and since so many people are involved in a social threat, it seems especially important or dangerous.
Social threat requires multiple humans to enact, so that adds to its intensity.
Our ancient ancestors evolved to survive together, so exclusion from one's band of humans was equivalent to a death sentence, since a single, isolated human could not survive long.
Social networks require threats to operate, so humans have evolved to treat them as particularly acute.
According to Dr. Patricia Devine, which of the following is NOT part of reducing bias?
Make an effort.
Motivation to change.
Notice how biased other people are.
Awareness of bias.
Develop tools and strategies to disrupt bias.
In-group love is: Check all that apply.
Adaptive.
Necessarily connected to the hate of the outgroup.
Present very early in life.
Malleable (for example, a person's in-groups can change).
Which of these is true about ingroups?
Personal identity is connected to group identity.
Cooperation forms an ingroup.
Personal survival/flourishing is tied to ingroup survival/flourishing.
Ingroups are set at birth and never change.
Which of these is true of implicit bias? Check all that apply.
Implicit bias is easy to reduce or even eliminate over the long term.
In order to change one's bias, one important skill to develop is the ability to notice when one is in a situation where one is likely to be vulnerable to bias.
Implicit bias indicates a basic moral defect in the people who exhibit it, in part because implicit bias is so rare.
When asked, experimental subjects often report that they are not biased in regard to, for example, race. However, numerous research studies suggest that subjects are in fact biased; there just are not aware of their bias.
Which of these is true of ingroups? Check all that apply.
Ingroups are based entirely on biological factors.
Under pressure, one will tend to withdraw from low priority ingroups in order to conserve resources for high priority ingroups.
Ingroups are not necessary for humans to survive.
One can have multiple ingroups, with some more prioritized over others.
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