CHAPTER 6: Cytokines

The ability of a single cytokine to alter the expression of several genes is called

Redundancy

Pleiotropy

Autocrine stimulation.

Endocrine effect.

Which of the following effects can be attributed to IL-1?

Mediation of the innate immune response

Differentiation of stem cells

Halted growth of virally infected cells

Stimulation of mast cells

Which of the following precursors are target cells for IL-3?

Myeloid precursors

Lymphoid precursors

Erythroid precursors

All of the above

A lack of IL-4 may result in which of the following effects?

Inability to fight off viral infections

Increased risk of tumors

Lack of IgM

Decreased eosinophil count

Which of the following cytokines is also known as the T-cell growth factor?

IFN-γ

IL-12

IL-2

IL-10

Which of the following represents an autocrine effect of IL-2?

Increased IL-2 receptor expression by the Th cell producing it

Macrophages signaled to the area of antigen stimulation

Proliferation of antigen-stimulated B cells

Increased synthesis of acute-phase proteins throughout the body

IFN-α and IFN-β differ in which way from IFN-gamma?

IFN-α and IFN-β are called immune interferons, and IFN-gamma is not.

IFN-α and IFN-β primarily activate macrophages, whereas IFN-gamma halts viral activity.

IFN-α and IFN-β are made primarily by activated T cells, whereas IFN-gamma is made by fibroblasts.

IFN-α and IFN-β inhibit cell proliferation, whereas IFN-gamma stimulates antigen presentation by class II MHC molecules.

A patient in septic shock caused by a gram-negative bacterial infection exhibits the following symptoms: high fever, very low blood pressure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Which cytokine is the most likely contributor to these symptoms?

IL-2

TNF

IL-12

IL-7

Which would be the best assay to measure a specific cytokine?

Blast formation

T-cell proliferation

Measurement of leukocyte chemotaxis

ELISA testing

Selective destruction of Th cells by the human immunodeficiency virus contributes to immune suppression by which means?

Decrease in IL-1

Decrease in IL-2

Decrease in IL-8

Decrease in IL-10

Why might a colony stimulating factor be given to a cancer patient?

Stimulate activity of NK cells

Increase production of certain types of leukocytes

Decrease the production of TNF

Increase production of mast cells

Which of the following would result from a lack of TNF?

Decreased ability to fight gram-negative bacterial infections

Increased expression of class II MHC molecules

Decreased survival of cancer cells

Increased risk of septic shock

Which cytokine acts to promote differentiation of T cells to the Th1 subclass?

IL-4

IFN-α

IL-12

IL-10

What is the major function of T regulatory cells?

Suppression of the immune response by producing TNF

Suppression of the immune response by inducing IL-10

Proliferation of the immune response by producing IL-2

Proliferation of the immune response by inducing IL-4

Th17 cells affect the innate immune response by inducing production of which cytokines?

IFN-γ and IL-2

IL-4 and IL-10

IL-2 and IL-4

TNF-α and IL-6

CHAPTER 6: Cytokines

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