Pharmacology

Which type of drug name usually begins with a lowercase letter?

The federal body that determines whether a drug is considered a controlled substance and to which schedule it belongs is the

The abbreviation used on prescriptions for four times a day is

In comparing two drugs, the dose-response curve for the drug that is more efficacious would

When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites, the drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor will bind to

When the acidity of the tissue increases, as in instances of infection, the effect of a local anesthetic decreases

The distribution of a drug is determined by

The _____ is the most common site for biotransformation.

If a drug displays zero-order elimination kinetics

Which organ is involved in the first-pass effect after oral administration of a drug?

Which of the following routes of drug administration produces the most rapid drug response?

A drug effect that is neither predictable nor dose related is called a

An acute, life-threatening allergic reaction characterized by hypotension, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and cardiac arrhythmias is what type of hypersensitivity?

Etracycline, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the benzodiazepines are safe to administer to a pregnant patient.

In an assessment of drug action for a certain therapeutic agent, results indicate that the ED is 3 mg/kg, and the LD is 300 mg/kg. What is the therapeutic index for this agent?

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions as a(n) _____ system for many bodily functions.

The acronym SLUD denotes adverse reactions associated with administration of _____ agents.

Which drug would be best to treat xerostomia?

Agents such as albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) cause bronchodilation by binding to _____ receptors.

Which of the following agents is being used to produce methamphetamine?

The fight-or-flight response refers to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in response to stress.

Which of the following raises the pain threshold?

Nonopioid analgesics act primarily at the peripheral nerve endings, although their antipyretic effect is mediated centrally

The action of nonopioid analgesics is related to their ability to inhibit

Which of the following choices has antiinflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antiplatelet action?

A drug interaction between aspirin and _____ can result in significant bleeding

Which of the following NSAIDs is considered the drug of choice for management of dental pain when a NSAID is indicated?

Acetaminophen does not possess any of these clinically significant _____ effects: (1) antipyretic, (2) antiinflammatory, (3) analgesic.

Alcohol consumption stimulates the breakdown of acetaminophen, thereby increasing the toxic potential of acetaminophen use.

Which of the following agents is intended to treat an acute attack of gout?

Aspirin should not be given to a child until he or she is 18 years of age because

What do aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and codeine have in common?

Which opioid is commonly used as an antitussive?

______________is usually the cause of death with an overdose of opioid analgesics

Which of the following drugs can be used to treat heroin addiction?

Tylenol #3 contains _____ mg of codeine.

If an infection is just beginning, the organisms most likely to be present are

Which of the following agents is the drug of choice for an early dental infection unless the patient is allergic to it?

Which of the following antibiotics is associated with pseudomembranous colitis?

Superinfection is more often caused by _____-spectrum antibiotics and increases when taken for a _____ time period.

_____ has the highest incidence of gastrointestinal complaints of any of the antibiotics.

A cephalosporin would be most closely related to which of the following agents?

Tetracyclines should not be used in children younger than _____ years of age.

_____ can cause black pigmentation of mandibular and maxillary alveolar bone and the hard palate.

The standard antibiotic drug regimen prior to dental procedures requiring immunoprophylaxis in a patient with no allergies to penicillin or amoxicillin is _____ g of amoxicillin _____ hour(s) before the procedure

Nystatin is used for both the treatment and the prevention of _____ in susceptible cases.

Viruses are difficult to treat because to kill the virus the host's cells must also be harmed.

A person with hepatitis _____ is most likely to develop chronic hepatitis.

Topical acyclovir can prevent the recurrence of herpes labialis

Addition of vasoconstrictor to local anesthetic (1) reduces blood supply to the area, (2) increases blood supply to the area, (3) limits systemic absorption, (4) increases systemic absorption, (5) reduces systemic toxicity, and (6) increases systemic toxicity. Which of these are correct?

Amide local anesthetics are metabolized

Which of the following local anesthetics is safest to use for dental treatment for a pregnant woman?

The maximum safe dose of epinephrine for the cardiac patient is _____ mg.

Which dental anesthetic is an ester?

Which of the following local anesthetics in a dental cartridge has the longest duration of action?

A patient can produce endogenous epinephrine far in excess of that administered in dentistry in the presence of inadequate anesthesia.

Nitrous oxide, as used in the dental office, maintains the patient in stage _____ of Guedel’s system of stages and planes.

Which of the following agents are the most commonly prescribed type of antianxiety drugs?

The use of barbiturates is absolutely contraindicated in patients with a positive family history of

Each of the following conditions is an absolute contraindication to dental treatment until a consultation with the patient’s medical provider has determined any special treatment alterations that might be warranted except one. Which is the exception?

How long should a person who has had a myocardial infarction wait before receiving dental care?

Dental patients with left heart failure may need to be positioned in the dental chair

Which of the following is the primary type of drug recommended for patients who have edema or fluid retention with heart failure (HF)?

Hypersalivation is a sign of toxicity for which of the following agents?

The use of nitroglycerin (NTG) is contraindicated if sildenafil (Viagra) has been administered within 24 hours. This is because the NTG-sildenafil combination can precipitate a hypotensive crisis.

Which of the following groups of diuretics are called the “puny” diuretics?

Many _____ end in the suffix -pril

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) end with the suffix

Each of the following agents is associated with development of gingival hypertrophy except one. Which is the exception?

Which antihypertensive agent is associated with a nonproductive cough?

Most dental procedures do not require a change in the dose of warfarin.

Which of the following is the most common gastrointestinal disease in the United States population?

Which of the following types of drugs is considered first-line therapy for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBD)?

Which of the following statements is true concerning epilepsy?

Seizures characterized by a duration for longer than 30 minutes are called _____ seizures.

Which antiepileptic agent is commonly prescribed for trigeminal neuralgia?

Gingival enlargement as a consequence of phenytoin therapy most commonly affects the _____ facial gingiva.

Which of the following psychiatric disorders involves a loss of the perception of reality?

Interaction of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) with many drugs such as amphetamines, and with foods such as wines, cheese, and fish, can precipitate

Second-generation antipsychotics have fewer side effects than firstgeneration antipsychotics.

Adrenocorticosteroids are released from the

The most extensive use of the corticosteroids in both medicine and dentistry is in

Levels of endogenous corticosteroids can increase tenfold in response to an especially stressful stimulus.

Most dental patients taking steroids who are having normal dental treatment rendered do not need additional corticosteroids.

Asthma is characterized by _____ airway obstruction and is associated with reduction in _____ airflow.

Patients with asthma should bring their fast-acting _____ inhaler to be used prophylactically or in the management of an acute asthmatic attack in the dental office.

The drug of first choice for emphysema is

Which of the following common antihistamines produces the most sedation?

Montelukast (Singulair) is a(n)

Why should intranasal decongestants only be used for 3 to 5 days?

Insulin is usually administered

The most common adverse reaction associated with any insulin product is

Which is considered first-line therapy for a patient with type 2 diabetes?

Hormonal contraceptives have the potential to cause or aggravate gingival inflammation.

The majority of cases of osteonecrosis have been reported in patients with cancer who are receiving _____ bisphosphonates.

The pregnant dental patient is most comfortable during which trimester?

Which of the following statements is true of the use of nystatin in either a pregnant woman or a nursing infant?

Which of the following choices is the most common cause of intrinsic acid production?

The majority of desensitizing toothpastes contain

Topical NaF 2% is recommended for patients with porcelain or composite restorations.