ISA QUIZ Part 4
The over thinning of palms is what type of restricted pruning practice?
Lion tailing
Topping
Reduction
Rooster-tailing
What ANSI A300 defined pruning system is recommended when the objective is to grow plants in a planary form?
Natural
Pollarding
Espalier
Topiary
What are the recommended means of minimizing damage to the tree due to pruning cuts?
Always cut on an angle
Cuts shall be flush
Cuts shall minimize the cut diameter
All cuts shall be on the same plane
What is not a disadvantage to performing a topping cut?
Aesthetics
Increased sun exposure
Increased growth rate
Decrease in the ability to compartmentalize
When performing structural pruning for young trees in development, what is the first identified step in the process?
Selection of temporary branches
Identify the lowest permanent branch
Establish scaffold branches
Remove broken or damaged branches
What type of mature tree pruning is done to remove dead, diseased, or broken limbs from the tree?
Vista pruning
Crown cleaning
Crown reduction
Utility pruning
What is the desired vertical spacing for scaffold branches in smaller-sized trees?
6”
12”
24”
36”
What is a true statement regarding the ability of mature trees to withstand pruning compared to younger trees?
Mature trees are less tolerant
Mature trees are more tolerant
Mature trees and young trees shall be pruned equally
Age is not a factor in the ability to prune
What is the correct hierarchy of tree parts from primary to secondary?
Trunk > Lateral > Scaffold
Trunk > Temporary > Scaffold
Scaffold > Trunk > Lateral
Trunk > Scaffold > Lateral
What determines the direction of growth for a lateral branch after pruning is performed?
The angle of the pruning cut
The direction of the top remaining lateral bud
The direction of the scaffold branch attached to the lateral
The direction is random
If a thinning pruning cut is to be made on a larger branch, what is the preferred angle of the first cut to be made?
45o pointing to the branch bark ridge
Perpendicular to the branch
Parallel to the trunk
45o off the branch collar angle
What type of pruning involves an initial heading cut the first year?
Espalier
Pollarding
Palm pruning
Vista
Lion tailing is caused by the removal of what type of tree component?
Inner laterals
Lower scaffold
Top portion of the trunk
Excessive buds
The removal of dead fronds from palms should be done in which of the following ways?
Bottom-up
Top-down
Middle up
Middle down
Regular pruning helps to prevent all of the following consequences except:
Defects such as included bark
Low aggressive limbs
Increase growth rate
Co-dominant stems
What is not a recommended practice when performing root pruning?
Cut close to the trunk
Minimize larger root cuts
Minimize the number of roots cut
Avoid pruning tree roots for those with a heavy lean
Growth inhibitors can be applied to all of the following locations except:
Soil
Bark
Foliage
None of the above
Sap bleed due to early spring pruning has which of the following detrimental effects on the tree?
Retards growth rate
Aesthetics
Attracts infestation
Restricts absorption of water
Proper pruning cuts enhance a tree’s ability to perform what function?
Compartmentalization
Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Respiration
What is the preferred optimal angle of a scaffold branch to remain?
10o – 45o
45o – 60o
45o – 90o
60o – 90o
What pruning method is used to remove branches which may conflict with clearance to the lowest permanent branch?
Reduction
Raising
Thinning
Vista
As per the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form, the occupancy rating is a measure of what condition?
The level of the tree population
The presence of disease or infestation
The frequency of area use by people
The presence of a target
What is not a prohibited action inside the area of a tree protection zone?
Compaction
Equipment access
Mulching
Trenching
What is a common indication of anaerobic soil conditions?
Deteriorated soil structure
Sour smell
Dry soil conditions
Wet soil conditions
What example of tree stressors can be classified as chronic?
Lightning strike
Mechanical damage
Soil compaction
Overnight frost
For proper emergency response preparedness, all workers on a job should be trained in which of the following procedures?
CPR
First aid
Aerial rescue
All of the above
What degree of skin burn is it not recommended to use cold water as a treatment?
First
Second
Third
All degrees shall be treated with cold water
Damage to bark during construction is best treated by which of the following activities?
Bark tracing
Wound dressing
Removal of the branch in question
Bark damage shall be left untreated
What type of injury if identified shall not be followed by a rescue attempt aerially?
Concussion
Puncture wound
Chainsaw kickback
Electrocution
What health risk listed below is not considered an abiotic disorder?
Pathogens
Moisture conditions
Soil compaction level
Temperature
What identified element is classified as a symptom and not a sign of a health disorder?
Conks
Leaf wilt
Fruiting bodies
Discarded skins
The degeneration of a plant’s cells or tissue defines what type of disorder?
Necrosis
Chlorosis
Gummosis
Stunting
The presence of fungi is not generally associated with which of the following health disorder symptoms or signs?
Rust-colored leaves
Trunk gummosis
Presence of powdery mildew
Gall of plant tissue
What statement below is true regarding the frequency of biotic vs. Abiotic disorders being the cause of distress?
Living factors are more common than non-living
The cause of distress is evenly split between living and non-living
Non-living factors are more common than living
The cause of distress is always a combination of living and non-living
A tree is found to have the presence of leaves that are deformed. What is most likely not a possible cause of the symptom?
Mechanical injury
Frost
Virus
Injury resulting from herbicide
What health symptom can be linked to poor soil PH?
Wilting
Yellow specks
Single branch dying
Off-color foliage
What root cause of tree stress has the most rapid effect on the deterioration of the tree’s health?
Lack of or excessive water
Mechanical damage
Frost cycles
Allelopathy
Frost cracks are due to which of the following temperature conditions?
Sustained temperatures below freezing
Sustained temperatures just above freezing
Rapid decrease in temperature
Rapid increase in temperature from below freezing to above
Allelopathy can be accurately described by all of the following statements except:
Detrimental release of biochemicals on surrounding species
Competition for resources among different species
Beneficial release of biochemicals on surrounding species
Chemicals which may be released through living or decomposing plants
Pollution damage is most likely to be evident on which part of the tree?
Foliage
Soil
Trunk
Bark
Damage to trees caused by insects is most likely to be associated with which of the following?
Feeding
Burrowing
Limiting resources
Carrying diseases
A “skeletonized” leaf in which the interveinal tissue is removed can be a sign of the presence of what type of insect?
Webworms
Japanese beetle
Caterpillar
Moths
What type of alternative pesticide has the effect of breaking down the cell membrane of soft bodied insects?
Insect growth regulators
Microbial
Insecticidal soap
Horticultural oil
What is the main effect on the health of the tree as a result of vascular disease?
Decreased rate of photosynthesis
Cankers
Root deterioration
Disrupts the flow of water from the roots to the rest of the tree
In general, how long after a tree has been infected is the disease able to be removed?
6 months
1 year
2 years
The disease is likely permanent
What is a main disadvantage of the use of biological control on pest populations?
Can’t be used in urban areas
Slow effective rate
Must be used away from bodies of water
Needs repeated application over time
An Appropriate Response Process (ARP) determines the appropriate response by considering factors including all of the following except:
Client expectations
Plant health
Outside stressors
All of the above
What is a true statement regarding a tree’s natural defense system?
It can be enhanced with moderate levels of stress
It has a stagnating level of responsiveness throughout the tree’s life
It can be enhanced with only lower levels of stress
It can be enhanced with high levels of stress
What is a measure of a tree’s ability to thrive despite stress from a specific environment?
Vigor
Mortality
Vitality
Threshold
What biological control method incorporates the use of beneficial organisms to support the growth of existing populations?
Introduction
Augmentation
Conservation
Relocation
If a lag-threaded rod is to be used as a bracing support between two branches, what is the correct procedure for pre-drilled holes?
Fully through both branches
Halfway through both branches
Fully through the smaller branch, halfway through larger
Fully through the larger branch, halfway through smaller
What is the most common location of sunscald on the trunk in America?
North
East
West
South
A phenology calendar is used to determine what?
Seasonal photosynthesis production
Seasonal presence of pests
Lifetime growth rate
Seasonal water absorption rates
What metric is used to determine the action threshold for pest control?
Pest population density
Tree deterioration rates
Tree death rates
Environmental condition
What is not a true statement regarding the sequestering and release of carbon dioxide in trees?
Trees can sequester CO2 through leaves
Maintenance activities release CO2 into the air
Trees reduce emissions from local power plants
Decomposition retains the sequestered CO2
What is not an example of an economic benefit realized by the presence of trees?
Increases property value
Increases business traffic
Increases the tax base for a community
Increases in population
Replacement cost as a valuation and appraisal method is best suited for what type of situation?
Very large trees
Historical trees
Damaged or lost trees
Exotic or rare tree species
Determine the basic reproductive cost of a tree with a 10” diameter and a unit tree cost of $38.17 per square inch.
$1995
$2996
$3245
$4130
Tree ordinances are required to provide all of the following information except:
Define the jurisdiction’s authority
Identification of trees in which the rule applies
Provide the requirements of the ordinance
Outline penalties for noncompliance
What is most likely an appropriate use of a tree preservation order (TPO)?
Limitations on tree selection
Height restrictions on trees
Protection of a historical tree during construction
Identification of local risks and stressors
What is the commonly accepted reasonable maximum amount of a single plant species within an overall tree population?
10%
30%
50%
60%
Specifications may include all of the following elements except:
Plans
Work procedures
Best management practices
Submission requirements
What is not a component that is a part of a tree inventory?
Species
Applicable ordinances
Maintenance requirements
Age
What statement is accurate regarding the trend of value vs. Time for green and civil infrastructure?
Green increases and civil increases
Green increases and civil decreases
Green decreases and civil increases
Green decreases and civil decreases
A tree identified as a hazard must have all of the following characteristics except:
An assessment has been performed
The tree species has a history of failure
A target has been identified
Mitigation is required to prevent damage
What composting byproduct kills off the pathogens or weed seed present to ensure rich organic soil?
Moisture
CO2
Heat
Microorganisms
What is a false statement related to the proper use of tree support systems to mitigate risks?
Systems shall be designed to eliminate risk
Systems can be used for codominant stems
Systems may provide an increased risk of decay
Systems may be used on multi-stemmed trees
What tree support cable type is flexible and strong but is limited to specific types of anchorage choices?
7-strand common-grade
Extra-high-strength cable
Aircraft cable
None of the above
A cable is to be anchored to a tree using an eyebolt. What is an acceptable drilling procedure for the installation?
Drill hole 1/8 inch larger than eyebolt diameter halfway through the branch
Drill hole 1/8 inch larger than eyebolt diameter fully through branch
Drill hole 1/8 inch smaller than eyebolt diameter halfway through the branch
Drill hole 1/8 inch smaller than eyebolt diameter fully through branch
The use of tree support systems is most likely least appropriate for which of the following scenarios?
Codominant stems
Unstable root system on a leaning tree
Multi-stemmed trees
Isolated decay at a branch union
He J-loop on an installed J-hook shall be positioned in what direction?
Away from the angle of the cable
At a 45* angle to vertical
Horizontally
Vertically
A dead-end grip is used for attachment of what type of cable?
7-strand common-grade
Extra-high-strength cable
Aircraft cable
None of the above
A tree is measured to have a total height of 82 feet. A codominant stem is identified at a height of 38 feet from the ground. A cable is to be installed for support of the codominant weak point. At what height shall the cable be installed measured from the ground?
40’
50’
58’
68’
What is approximately the minimum amount of sound wood to make an acceptable anchor connection?
30%
50%
75%
90%
What cable installation configuration allows for the least amount of crown movement?
Triangular
Box
Hub and spoke
Rotary
A 50 ft. Tree that needs support is to be anchored to an adjacent tree which is 80 ft. tall. What is an acceptable location of the anchorage for each tree?
20’ at supported tree, 20’ and anchor tree
35’ at supported tree, 20’ and anchor tree
20’ at supported tree, 50’ and anchor tree
35’ at supported tree, 50’ and anchor tree
What is the minimum depth of the underground portion of a conductor?
2”
8”
12”
24”
What situation is least likely to be susceptible to lightning strikes?
Tree near a body of water
Shortest tree in a group
Trees at high elevations
Isolated tree that borders woods
A target zone for risk assessment can be established to identify potential targets. What is an acceptable range for the radius of the zone?
½ the height of the tree
The height of the tree
1.5 times the height of the tree
2 times the height of the tree
A tree with high risk has which of the following evaluated scenarios?
High likelihood of occurrence
High severity of consequences
Both a high likelihood of event and severity of consequences
Neither a high likelihood nor severity needs to apply
What mitigation option is used only as a last resort?
Pruning
Structural support
Remove the target
Removal of the tree
What rot type primarily is most commonly associated with conifer trees?
White
Soft
Brown
Heartwood
A strong trunk taper follows which of the following vertical profiles?
Consistent diameter
Gradually decreasing diameter
Gradually increasing diameter
None of the above
The trunk flare is located at what location of the tree?
The intersection of the trunk and the roots
The point at which the diameter of the trunk begins to decrease
The intersection of the trunk and the lowest permanent branch
The point at which the trunk begins to lean
When performing a risk assessment for the branches of a tree, what scenario is least likely to have a high level of risk?
Branches as large as the trunk in diameter
Clustered branches
Vertically spaced branches
Branches with included bark
How is an acoustic measurement device used to determine the extent of decay in a section of the tree?
Sound passes quicker through decay
Sound waves are reflected quicker off decay
Sound waves are reflected slower off of decay
Sound passes slower through decay
What decay detection device is the least limiting in terms of cost and expertise?
Resonance testing
X-ray
Tomogram
Increment borer
A visual tree assessment (VTA) for risk evaluation may include all of the following activities except:
360o visual inspection
Identification of microclimates
Removal of dirt for the visual inspection of roots
Structural assessment
What is the specific goal of risk mitigation?
Improve the health of the tree
Remove the target of a potential hazard
Reducing the potential for failure
Remove the tree if at all possible
What is most likely the recommended mitigation action for a tree with an existing cavity including decayed wood?
Remove the decayed wood and use filler
Remove the decayed wood and leave the opening
Remove the decayed wood a distance of 3” minimum outside of the identified area
Leave the area alone
The determination of standard of care may not be established by what means?
Expert witnesses
Customary practice
Level of experience
Code requirements
What is used to determine if negligence has occurred?
Due care
Act of God”
Liability
Causation in fact
As per the ISA Basic Tree Risk Assessment Form, if a tree is identified as having an extreme risk rating at what combination of the likelihood of event and consequences of the event respectively?
Somewhat likely/Significant
Somewhat likely/Severe
Very Likely/Significant
Very Likely/Severe
What is the natural defense for a tree against lean?
Increased number of roots
Decreased growth rate
Provide a lower density
Development of reaction wood
What construction activity is least likely to have a significant impact on the health of a tree’s root system?
Trenching
Increased grading
Compaction
All of the above effect root systems
Once a J-hook is installed, what is the correct distance from the open end of the J-loop to the bark?
1” maximum
1/4” maximum
The loop shall be flush with the bark
The loop shall protrude into the bark 1/2"
In general, the most concerning construction activities for an identified tree has what type of effect on the site?
Removal of surrounding trees or vegetation
Activities that affect subsurface conditions
Threats of physical damage
Installation of new objects in the surrounding area
What statement regarding the selection of trees to remain during construction activities is false?
Identify a single species that is best suited to handle the process
Younger trees are often better suited to withstand the process than older mature trees
Trees should be evaluated based on the proposed final conditions of the site
Trees in poor health or structurally unsound should be removed due to increased hazards
What action is legally binding for the requirements of tree protection to be included in a construction contract?
Provide signs on the construction site
Include requirements in contract specifications
Submit a verified memo to the project owner
Develop documentation of meetings and correspondence
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