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Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher

Research is based on valid procedures and principles.

Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem.

Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and experimental and case study

Research exhibits careful and precise judgment.

Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.

The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results