A&P II Lecture Test #1 (Ch. 16)
Understanding Hormonal Regulation: A&P II Quiz
Test your knowledge on the intricate world of hormones and their effects in the human body with our A&P II Lecture Test. This quiz is designed for students and enthusiasts alike, covering essential concepts from Chapter 16 of your anatomy and physiology course.
By taking this quiz, you will:
- Enhance your understanding of endocrine fun
ctions. - Prepare for exams in an engaging way.
- Identify key hormones and their physiological roles.
A patient arrives at the ER and is suffering from severe dehydration. You would expect that their ADH levels are __________ and their Aldosterone levels are _______________.
High; High
High; Low
Low; Low
Low; High
The hormone called atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the _____________ in order to fine-tune blood pressure.
Anterior pituitary
Heart
Adrenal cortex
Kidneys
_____________________ is the hormone that lowers both calcium and phosphate ion levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity and stimulating osteoblast activity. It is produced by the ______________ gland.
Parathyroid hormone; parathyroid
Thymosin; thymus
Calcitonin; thyroid
Aldosterone; adrenal
Oxytocin secretion is actually regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.
True
False
A portal system
Is found only in the renal pyramids
Is used to stimulate gluconeogenesis in the liver
Is used to secrete erythropoietin
Involves one capillary bed being connected to a another capillary bed by veins
The condition known as diabetes insipidus is caused by an excessive amount of antidiuretic hormone.
False
True
If there is adequate carbohydrate intake, secretion of insulin results
Raised blood sugar (glucose) levels
Lowered blood sugar (glucose) levels
Increased cell utilization of glucose
Storage of nuclei acids
Storage of glycogen
Antidiuretic hormone
Decreases water reasborption
Increases the permeability of the cells in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys
Increases urine output
Decreases blood pressure
A hypodermic injection of epinephrine would
Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, and constrict the bronchi of the lungs
Decrease heart rate, increase blood pressure and constrict the bronchi of the lungs
Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure and dilate the bronchi of the lungs
Increase heart rate, decrease blood pressure and dilate the bronchi of the lungs
A hormone is defined as a _________________________ and the target cell is defined as ___________________.
Protein substance that stimulates other cells; the source of hormone secretions
Regulatory substance that controls secretions of other cells; a cell that synthesizes hormones
Substance that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that possesses specific receptors for hormone molecules
None of the above
Which of the following illustrates what hormones may be able to do once they interact with target cells?
All of the above
Hormones can promote mitosis.
Hormones can boost or slow down enzyme activity.
Hormones can stimulate protein synthesis.
The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones
Are important for normal growth and development
Affect nearly every body tissue
Affect cellular metabolic rate
Directly affect blood calcium levels
Harriet has recurring kidney stones that are composed of calcium oxalate salts. Which hormone should be checked for normal levels?
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Thyroxine (T4)
What is the target tissue of erythropoietin (EPO)?
Breast tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
Red bone marrow
Adipocytes
With the _______________ type of stimuli for endocrine gland secretion, nerve fibers stimulate the gland directly.
Neural
Humoral
Hormonal
All of the above
Often times, following childbirth, a derivative of oxytocin known as pitocin is administered to women. Which of the following would be the most likely action of pitocin, knowing that it is derived from oxytocin?
It stimulates less milk production.
It stimulates uterine relaxation.
It stimulates uterine contractions.
It stimulates ACTH production.
A hormone known as erythropoietin
Regulates the rate at which red blood cells are produced
Regulates the rate at which neutrophils are produced
Regulates the rate at which eosinophils are produced
Regulates the rate at which lymphocytes are produced
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the pineal gland?
Antidiuretic hormone
Growth hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Melatonin
If blood calcium levels begin to drop, the nervous system will direct the parathyroid gland to ____________ production of PTH and will direct the thyroid glad to __________production of calcitionin.
Decrease; Increase
Decrease; Decrease
Increase; Increase
Increase; Decrease
Glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol) are released from the cells in which layers of the adrenal cortex?
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Oxytocin
What hormone is produced by adipocytes to regulate satiety, a feeling of fullness after eating?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Leptin
Calcitrol
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system
Does not use receptors
Is not essential for life
May have a longer-lasting effect
Will cause only short-term responses
Angiotensin II acts as
A vasoconstrictor
To stimulate renin secretion
To stimulate aldosterone secretion
None of the above
The secretion of anterior and posterior pituitary hormones is largely controlled by the thalamus.
True
False
When the diet is deficient in iodine,
Goiters can develop
The thyroid gland atrophies
The production and secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary decreases
Functional thyroxine and triiodothyronine production is very high
Untreated diabetes mellitus is characterized by
Glucose in the urine
Increased levels of ketones (ketone bodies) in blood
Increased levels of fatty acids in blood
The pH of blood being more alkaline than usual
Which of the following are hormones released by the thyroid gland?
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Exocrine glands secrete their substances directly into the internal environment while endocrine glands secrete their substances into tubes or ducts that will eventually reach the body surface.
True
False
A man has been told he is not synthesizing follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH) and for this reason, he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain why this is the case.
Physician is wrong--- a hormone made in the anterior pituitary gland could not influence fertility
FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore it is never synthesized in males.
The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits FSH synthesis.
Which of the following hormones is NOT involved in metabolism of glucose (sugar)?
Glucagon
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Insulin
As a rule, hormone concentrations are controlled by
Cellular demands
Negative feedback systems
Positive feedback systems
Thermostats
___________ cells found in the islets of Langerhans (pancreatic) secrete glucagon in response to decreased levels of glucose in the blood.
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
All of the above
Delta cells of pancreatic islets produce and secrete somatostatin. Somatostatin functions to
Inhibit secretion of insulin
Inhibit secretion of aldosterone
Inhibit secretion of gastrin
Inhibit secretion of melatonin
Which hormones work synergistically to retain water?
Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Aldosterone and cortisol
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone
Which of the following requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Melatonin
Calcitonin
Which of the following organs have both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Pancreas
Anterior pituitary
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Johnny, a five year old boy, has been growing very rapidly over the last year. His height is 100% above normal for his age. He has been complaining of headaches and vision problems. A CT scan reveals a large tumor in the anterior pituitary. What hormone is most likely being secreted in excess?
Somatostatin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Growth hormone
Calcitonin
The following pairs link an endocrine gland with the hormone(s) it secretes. Which of the following is incorrect?
Anterior pituitary; adrenocorticotropin hormone
Thyroid gland; calcitonin
Posterior pituitary; thyroid releasing hormone
Parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone
The anterior pituitary releases luteinizing hormone. This hormone’s main function is to
Stimulate milk production in mammary glands
To control adrenal secretions of cortisol
To stimulate cell division and regulate metabolism
To stimulate ovary and testes secretions
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