Dental ResearchI
121. Normally, how many aims we can have in one study?:
σ¾ 1
σ½ 2
σ½ 3
σ½ 4
122. For interval or ratio measurement before we can decide which test we can use to find whether there is difference between or among groups, we have to do?:
σ¾ Parametric test
σ½ T-test
σ½ Anova
σ½ Chi-square
123. To test whether 2 variables are independent or dependent, we can use?:
σ½ Parametric test
σ½ T-test
σ½ Anova
σ¾ Chi-square test
124. To find significant difference between 2 groups, we can use?:
σ½ Two-independent- samples Tests for related variable (Mann-Whitney U) if variable is non-parametric
σ½ Two-independent- samples Tests for related variable (Mann-Whitney U) if variable is parametric
σ¾ Two-Independent-Samples Tests for unrelated (Mann-Whitney U) if variable is non-parametric
σ½ Two-Independent-Samples Tests for unrelated (Mann-Whitney U) if variable is parametric
125. To find significant difference among more than 2 groups, we can use?:
σ½ K independent Samples Tests for related variable (Kruskal-Wallis H) if variable is non-parametric
σ¾ K independent Samples Tests for unrelated variable (Kruskal-Wallis H) if variable is non-parametric
σ½ K independent Samples Tests for related variable (Kruskal-Wallis H) if variable is parametric
σ½ K independent Samples Tests for unrelated variable (Kruskal-Wallis H) if variable is parametric
126. To find significant difference between 2 groups, we can use?:
σ½ Independent-Sample T Test for related variable if variable is non-parametric
σ½ Independent-Sample T Test for related variable if variable is parametric
σ½ Independent-Sample T Test for unrelated variable if variable is non-parametric
σ¾ Independent-Sample T Test for unrelated variable if variable is parametric
127. Skewness and kurtosis value can tell whether variable is?:
σ½ Difference from another variable
σ½ Statistically significant value
σ¾ Parametric or non-parametric
σ½ Standard deviation
128. Normally, we can set significant level of?:
σ¾ 0.05
σ½ 0.03
σ½ 0.005
σ½ 0.5
129. We can further analyze to find correlation after we test?:
σ¾ Whether 2 variables are not independent
σ½ Whether 2 variables are not normal
σ½ Whether 2 variables are the same
σ½ Whether 2 variables are difference
130. Which is University of Health Science prefer reference style?:
σ¾ Vancouver
σ½ APA
σ½ Chicago
σ½ MLa
131. What can we do with Research?:
σ½ Categorise, Evaluate, Predict, Control, correlate
σ½ Describe, Evaluate, Predict, Control, compare
σ½ Explain, Evaluate, Predict, Control
σ¾ All of above
132. Which component of the indicators which can be measured?:
σ¾ Variables
σ½ Values
σ½ Concept
σ½ Theory
133. Actual units of measurement of the variables are?:
σ½ Variables
σ¾ Values
σ½ Concept
σ½ Theory
134. What is a pilot study?:
σ¾ It is common practice to pre-test on a small number of people before the main study.
σ½ It is commonly used in disciplines that are concerned with people, particularly as part of society.
σ½ It is more suitable for questions that require probing to obtain adequate information.
σ½ It is contains structured and unstructured sections with standardized
135. What is the most important method to collect qualitative data?:
σ½ Send questionnaire by email
σ¾ Conducting interview
σ½ Observing without involve
σ½ Doing experiment
136. Good research proposals will always:
σ¾ Focus on addressing the research objectives
σ½ Have good format
σ½ Use Vancouver reference style
σ½ Consider all possible research that had previously been done on the topic.
137. Which ONE of these phrases is best used in a research writing?:
σ½ This research aim to know………..
σ½ I am sure that…………
σ¾ The study might be good ………….
σ½ The intention is to understand……….
138. Which ONE of these is best avoided in a proposal?:
σ½ Short, clear sentences.
σ½ Accurate spelling and grammar.
σ¾ Careful use of correct gender terms.
σ½ Jargon
139. What helps to agree timing, agree resource allocation and also draws boundaries?
σ½ The final report.
σ¾ The proposal.
σ½ The observation form.
σ½ The questionnaire.
140. How are research questions most often described?
σ½ How data is collecting
σ½ Posed after important factors are identified
σ¾ May arise from our everyday life experiences
σ½ How research select sample
141. In general, when selecting factors for a study, you want to be sure of which of these?
σ½ They have been investigated before
σ¾ They are available to investigate
σ½ They are not of interest to you
σ½ They do not lead to another question
142. Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?
σ½ Personal experience
σ½ Getting an idea from your advisor
σ½ Looking for the gap of other articles
σ¾ All of the above
143. How would you define the research process?
σ½ The researcher's plan of action to be followed when carrying out research.
σ½ A method of collecting research data.
σ¾ The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out a research project.
σ½ The account of a study the researcher will write at the end of the study ready for publication.
144. Why does a researcher write a research proposal at the start of a study?
σ½ So they will not forget what they are doing during the study.
σ½ So they can advertise for people to take part in the study.
σ½ To make sure they have not left any part of the study out when they are planning it.
σ¾ To apply for ethical approval and to gain permission to access participants or sources of data.
145. Research is:
σ½ Searching again and again
σ½ Finding solution to any problem
σ¾ Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem
σ½ All are corrects
146. Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process?:
σ½ Searching sources of information to locate problem.
σ½ Survey of related literature
σ¾ Identification of problem
σ½ Searching for solutions to the problem
147. A research paper is a brief report of research work based on:
σ½ Primary Data only
σ½ Secondary Data only
σ¾ Primary and Secondary Data
σ½ All are corrects
148. Questionnaire is a :
σ½ Research method
σ½ Measurement technique
σ¾ Tool for data collection
σ½ Data analysis technique
149. Why is it important to read original articles when you are reviewing the literature?
σ½ To look for flaws in the method.
σ½ To examine the validity of the conclusions.
σ½ To obtain an overview of methods and procedures.
σ¾ All of these
150. Which section of a journal article is provided in most online electronic databases?
σ¾ Abstract
σ½ Results.
σ½ Introduction.
σ½ Conclusion.
151. What is the purpose of doing qualitative research?
σ½ To identify problem
σ½ To find the solution
σ¾ To identify problem or to find the possible solution
σ½ None of these
152. The introductory section of a research report should aim to:
σ½ Identify the specific focus of the study.
σ½ Provide a rationale for the dissertation, or article.
σ½ Grab the reader's attention.
σ¾ All of the above.
153. What is the purpose of the conclusion in a research report?
σ½ It just a summary what the article already said.
σ¾ It summarizes the key findings in relation to the research questions.
σ½ It contains a useful review of the relevant literature.
σ½ It outlines the methodological procedures that were employed.
154. We review the relevant literature to know:
σ½ What is already known about the topic
σ½ What concepts and theories have been applied to the topic
σ½ Who are the key contributors to the topic
σ¾ All of the above
155. What is research problem?
σ½ Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents
σ½ Justifies in a research study
σ½ Opinions and attitudes
σ¾ Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents in order to draw research questions
156. Research gives us information about:
σ½ Opinions and attitudes
σ½ Habits and culture
σ½ Scientific facts
σ½ Medical information
σ¾ All are corrects
157. What types of materials are needed for literature review?
σ½ Books, Magazine articles
σ½ Newspaper articles, Scholarly journal articles and web site
σ½ Other materials, such as statistics, government publications
σ¾ All are corrects
158. A research question is
σ½ An answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue.
σ½ It is the initial step in a research project and the first active step in the research project
σ½ The 'initial step' means after you have an idea of what you want to study,
σ¾ All are corrects
159. A literature review is:
σ½ An evaluative report of information found in the literature related to your selected area of study.
σ½ It describe, summarise, evaluate and clarify.
σ½ It should give a theoretical base for the research
σ¾ All are corrects
160. Which of these will NOT help you to decide whether a publication is reputable?
σ½ Citation rate.
σ½ Audience.
σ½ Importance to peers.
σ¾ Advertising inside.
161. Before searching you should define the timeframe of your search. Why?
σ½ So you find the most articles.
σ½ So you don't find the library busy.
σ½ So you do not incur unnecessary costs.
σ¾ So you work when you are most efficient.
162. Why is it important for a researcher to review the literature?
σ½ Because it is traditional.
σ½ Because it shows time has been spent on the subject.
σ¾ Because it will find if anyone has done the work before.
σ½ Because it identifies like-minded researchers.
163. A successful literature review:
σ½ Synthesizes material from several sources on the same question/research topic.
σ½ Assesses the state of existing knowledge on a topic by comparing studies in terms of assumptions
σ½ about the research question, experimental method, data analysis, any conclusions drawn, and to raise questions for further research.
σ¾ Synthesizes material from several sources on the same question/research topic and assesses the state of existing knowledge on a topic by comparing studies in terms of assumptions about the research question, experimental method, data analysis, any conclusions drawn, and to raise questions for further research.
164. The conclusion should:
σ½ Evaluate and summarize what researchers have shown
σ½ Show strengths and weaknesses
σ½ Provide questions for further study
σ¾ All of the above.
165. Which is the right order of four basic sections of a research report?
σ½ Literature review, results, method, discussion.
σ¾ Literature review, method, results, discussion.
σ½ Discussion, literature review, method, results.
σ½ Literature review, discussion, method, results.
σ½ Method, results, literature review, discussion.
166. The discussion section is characterized by:
σ½ The researcher's reporting of the statistical results.
σ½ A brief conclusion and description of statistical tests.
σ½ Repeating all of the literature listed in the literature review.
σ¾ The researcher's interpretation of the results.
σ½ The inclusion of tables and graphs.
167. To put ideas together to form a new whole is
σ½ Evaluation
σ¾ Synthesis
σ½ Analysis
σ½ Application
168. Your conceptual framework is normally developed?
σ½ Before your literature review
σ¾ During your literature review
σ½ During data collection
σ½ During data analysis
169. What should not be included in a research proposal?
σ½ A summary of existing work in the area
σ½ The proposed methods to collect data
σ¾ The results that will be obtained
σ½ An acknowledgement of any ethical issues
170. Identifying someone nationality is an example of:
σ¾ Nominal measurement
σ½ Ordinal measurement
σ½ Interval measurement
σ½ Ratio measurement
171. When may a participant withdraw his/her name from a study?:
σ½ When the study is complete
σ½ With the permission of the researcher
σ¾ At any time they feel they wish to withdraw
σ½ As soon as they have provided enough data for conclusions to have been made
172. A research that allows the respondent to tell about their perception and knowledge of something would be
σ½ Quantitative research
σ½ An online interview
σ½ A face-to-face interview
σ¾ Qualitative research
173. An advantage of an interview over a questionnaire may be
σ½ It provides more structured data
σ½ The time taken is generally shorter for interviews
σ½ It is easier to analyze
σ¾ It allows trust and rapport to be developed
174. What will normally be the last of the following sections to be written?
σ¾ Abstract
σ½ Literature review
σ½ Results
σ½ Conclusion
175. What can a researcher use the literature to achieve?
σ½ They can demonstrate their competence by referring to prominent writings in the field.
σ½ They develop their version of the literature in such a way as to show and to lead up to the contribution they will be making in their own project or article.
σ½ They can identify a gap or problem in the literature that corresponds to the research questions.
σ¾ All of the above are corrects.
176. The role of a project supervisor is to:
σ½ Make sure you keep to your schedule and deadlines
σ¾ Provide intellectual support, guidance and critical feedback
σ½ Negotiate access to the research setting on the student's behalf
σ½ Give you a reading list
177. You can manage your time and resources best, by:
σ½ Working out a timetable
σ½ Finding out what resources are readily available to you
σ½ Calculating a budget for likely expenditure
σ¾ All of the above are corrects
178. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
σ½ If they guide your literature search
σ½ If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
σ½ If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
σ¾ All of the above
179. Closed ended questions are those that:
σ¾ Have a fixed range of possible answers
σ½ Prevent respondents from allocating themselves to a category
σ½ Encourage detailed, elaborate responses
σ½ Relate to the basic demographic characteristics of respondents
180. An open question is one that:
σ½ Allows respondents to answer in their own terms
σ½ Does not suggest or provide a limited range of responses
σ½ Can help to generate answers for closed questions
σ¾ All of the above
181. Constraints or problems in a study are known as:
σ½ Assumptions
σ½ Generalisations
σ½ Concepts
σ¾ Limitations, or practical consideration
182. The section/sentence that includes the aim or purpose of the study is found in the:
σ½ Literature review
σ½ Methodology
σ¾ Introduction
σ½ Discussion
183. A qualitative research question:
σ½ Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored
σ½ Is generally an open-ended question
σ¾ Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored and is generally an open-ended question
σ½ None of the above
184. In which section of the research plan are research participants described in detail?
σ½ Introduction
σ¾ Methodology
σ½ Result
σ½ Discussion
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