Week 6 terminology: Bacterial genetics

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism

Sequencing and molecular characterisation of genomes

Segments of DNA that code for functional proteins

Repeating units of DNA

Genetic makeup of an organism

Expressed properties of a genotype

Double stranded DNA has _______ template for the other strande

Enzyme that removes DNA primers

The point where DNA strands separate and new strands will be synthesised

Where each strand of DNA is conserved and forms part of the daughter cell

DNA strands form in opposite directions, they are:

Small piece of RNA that allows DNA polymerase to add nucleotides to the 5' end

Process where DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA

Carries information for the manufacture of proteins to the ribosomes

Involved in protein synthesis, inside the ribosome, carries the amino acid

Ribosomal RNA

Site of protein synthesis, an organelle

Enzyme that binds to a promoter and copies RNA from DNA template

Region of DNA that initiates transcription

Synthesis of proteins in ribosome from RNA

Arrangement of nucleotides that determines the order of amino acids

A set of 3 nucleotides

A mutated codon that signals a stop to protein synthesis

A codon that signals a stop to protein synthesis

Codon that initiates synthesis of a protein molecule

Inhibition of gene expression in response to over supply of a product

Process that turns on transcription of a gene

Protein that binds to an operon and prevents transcription of lactose

Induces transcription of a particular gene

Agent that causes genetic mutations

A simple base substitution

Mutation that results in a swapping of an amino acid

Mutation that results in a nonsense codon

Insertion or deletion of a nucleotide pair

Exchange of genes between two DNA molecules, forming a new combination in a chromosome

A cell physiologically ready to accept DNA from solution

Small circular piece of DNA independent of a cell chromosome

Plasmid that confers antibiotic resistance

Gene that codes for plasmid replication and conjugation

Small segment of DNA that can move from one region of DNA to another

Catalyses cutting and resealing of DNA at recognised sites

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