IPE RATIONALE

What happens to the kinetic energy of the electrons when they strike the anode target?
It is converted into light energy
It is converted into sound energy
It is converted into X-ray energy
It is converted into electrical energy
It is absorbed by the cathode
Thermionic emission in the X-ray tube involves the release of electrons from the filament due to:
Magnetic fields
High voltage
Electric resistance
Heat
Photon collisions.
When the filament current is increased in the X-ray tube, what effect does it have on thermionic emission?
Thermionic emission decreases
Thermionic emission remains unchanged
Thermionic emission increases
Thermionic emission becomes erratic
Thermionic emission is inhibited
The space charge effect in the X-ray tube becomes more significant when:
The anode voltage is reduced
The filament temperature is lowered
The anode material is changed
The tube current is increased
The X-ray tube is turned off
Which part of X-ray film is responsible for absorbing X-rays and forming the latent image?
Base
Emulsion
Supercoat
Substrate
Overcoat
The base of X-ray film is typically made of:
Gelatin
Aluminum
Plastic
Silver bromide
Which of the following is placed between intensifying screens within the cassette?
Adhesive layer
Compressive Material
X-ray film
Filter
None of the above.
The intensifying screen acts as a/an___ of the remnant radiation reaching the cassette.
Amplifier
Filter
Grid
All of the above
None of the above
Which part of the intensifying screen is closest to the x-ray film?
Base
Phosphor layer
Protective layer
Top coat
Reflective layer
Which part of the intensifying screen acts as a mechanical support for the active layer?
Base
Phosphor layer
Protective layer
Reflective layer
Top coat
Which part of the intensifying screen is farthest away from the x-ray film?
Base
Phosphor layer
Protective layer
Reflective layer
Top coat
This layer functions to intercept light and redirect it to the x-ray film.
Base
Phosphor layer
Protective layer
Reflective layer
Top coat
This is also known as the active layer of the intensifying screen. It admits light during stimulation by x-ray a converts it into visible light.
Base
Phosphor layer
Protective layer
Reflective layer
Top coat.
This component is responsible for removing reaction particles from the solution:
Circulation system
Controlled replenishment
Recirculation system
Replenishment system
Transport system
Is responsible for filtering byproducts and particles from the chemical solution:
Recirculation system
Controlled replenishment
Circulation system
Replenishment system
Transport system
The temperature of the chemical solutions are controlled by:
Controlled replenishment
Circulation system
Recirculation system
Replenishment system
Transport system
The contains a system of rollers that moves the film through the developer, fixer, washer, and drying sections of the automatic processor:
Circulation system
Controlled replenishment
Replenishment system
Transport system
Recirculation system
This system serves to rid the film of excess chemicals:
Controlled replenishment
Replenishment system
Transport system
Recirculation system
Guide shoes are part of what system?
Crossover
Squeegee
Transport
Detector
Guide
System responsible for moving the film from wash tank to the dryer specifically:
Crossover
Detector
Squeegee
Transport
Guide
It functions to specifically move the film from developer tank to fixer tank:
Crossover
Detector
Guide
Squeegee
Transport
He assembly that transports film from fixer tank to wash tank is referred to as
Crossover
Detector
Guide
Squeegee
Transport
He turnaround assembly is part of the:
Crossover
Detector
Guide
Transport
Squeegee
How thick is radiographic base?
100-200 μm
100-200 mm
150-200 μm
250-300 mm
None of the above
Which of the following is NOT required of a radiographic film base?
Durable Flexible
Radiolucent
Tinted
None of the above
This althis allows for proper emulsion distribution of the base throughout use and processing.
Adhesive layer
Base
Emulsion
Supercoat
Reflective layer
How thick is the emulsion of the x-ray film?
5-10 mm
1-5 um
1-5 mm
5-10 μm
The topmost layer of the x-ray film is made up of
Gelatin
Silver iodide crystals
Polyester
None of the above
Silver halide crystals
This layer provides sturdiness to unexposed radiographic film. It is antistatic, and reduces damage from scratches, pressure, handling, contamination, and processing.
Adhesive layer
Base
Emulsion
Supercoat
Reflective layer
Ideally, a base material should:
Be thin
Have high light absorption
Have low light absorption
Reflect x-rays
None of the above
Which part of the x-ray film contains a blue tinge?
Base
Adhesive layer
Reflective layer
Emulsion
The is mixed with an agent that causes the film to harden:
Developer
Fixer
All of the above
None of the above
Stop bath
Which of the following is a reducing agent?
Acetic acid
Potassium alum
Ammonia thiosulfate
Hydroquinone
Which of the following is a restrainer?
Acetic acid
Hydroquinone
Potassium bromide
Potassium alum
Sodium sulfite
Which of the following is an acidifier?
Acetic acid
Potassium alum
Sodium carbonate
Which of the following is a preservative?
Ammonia thiosulfate,
Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
None
Sodium carbonate
Which of the following is an accelerator?
Acetic acid
Potassium alum
Sodium carbonate
Which of the following is a clearing agent?
Acetic acid
Ammonia thiosulfate
Hydroquinone
Which of the following is a hardener?
Ammonia thiosulfate
Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
Sodium sulfite
None of the above
This chemical is responsible for shrinking the emulsion:
Acetic acid
Potassium alum
Sodium carbonate
Sodium sulfite
None of the above
Which of the following is responsible for x-ray beam quality?
Exposure time
KVp
MA
All of the above
None of the above
Which of the following is responsible for x-ray beam quantity?
KVp
Exposure time
MA
All of the above
An x-ray beam with high quality:
Is composed of characteristic x-rays
Is composed of a high number of x-rays
Is made up of x-rays with high frequency and short wavelength
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT an effect of an increase in mAs on the radiographic image?
An increase in blackening of the image due to an increase in the penetrability of x-rays
An increase in blackening of the image due to an increase in the number of x-rays reaching the film or image receptor
A decrease in image contrast due to the increase in the number of x-rays with varying intensities
All of the above
All of the following are results of an increase in kVp on the radiographic image, except:
An increase in blackening of the image due to an increase in the penetrability of x-rays
An increase in blackening of the image due to an increase in the number of x-rays reaching the film or image receptor
A decrease in image contrast due to the increase in the number of x-rays with varying intensities
All of the above
This chemical is responsible for softening the emulsion to prepare it for development:
Ammonia thiosulfate
. Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
Sodium carbonate
None of the above
This chemical functions as a developing agent and assists in building the gray tones in the film.
Ammonia thiosulfate
Hydroquinone
Phenidone
Potassium alum
This chemical's function is to counter the alkalinity of the developer solution.
Ammonia thiosulfate
Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
None of the above
Sodium carbonate
The function of this chemical is to preserve the integrity of the chemicals:
Acetic acid:
Potassium alum
Sodium carbonate
Sodium sulfite
His chemical is mixed in the solution to reduce oxidation:
Ammonia thiosulfate
Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
None of the above
Sodium carbonate
This chemical is responsible for maintaining chemical balance in the solutions:
Ammonia thiosulfate
Boric acid
Glutaraldehyde
Sodium sulfite.
This chemical's function is to build black tones in the film:
Ammonia thiosulfate
Glutaraldehyde
Potassium bromide
None of the above
Sodium carbonate
The stored energy in the silver halide crystals which forms a pattern is referred to as the:
Exposed film
Latent image
Silver iodide
Radiographic image
None of the above
Exposure to x-rays forms an invisible image on the emulsion. This is known as the:
Exposed film
Latent image
Silver iodide
Radiographic image
None of the above
A chemical reaction which results in the removal of exposed and or energized crystals:
Developer solution
Fixer solution
Reduction
Which of the following chemicals produces alkalinity?
Ammonia thiosulfate
Potassium alum
Potassium bromide
Sodium carbonate
None
Which of the following dissolves chemicals for use?
Ammonia thiosulfate
Glutaraldehyde
Potassium bromide
None
 
This chemical functions to remove metallic impurities:
Acetic acid
Boric acid
Chelates
Sodium sulfite
None of the above
One of the functions of this chemical is to improve the archival quality of the film:
Acetic acid
Boric acid
C. Chelates
Sodium sulfite
None of the above
Which of the following chemicals is a sequestering agent for the fixer?
Acetate
Acetic acid
Boric acid
Chelates
Glutaraldehyde
A sequestering agent functions as a stabilizer for the developing agent. What chemical is this?
Acetate
Boric acid
Hydroquinone
None of the above
Sodium sulfite
This chemical functions as an anti-fog agent.
Acetate
Glutaraldehyde
Potassium bromide
Sodium carbonate
None of the above
This chemical protects unexposed silver halide crystals from chemical attack:
Acetate
Glutaraldehyde
Potassium bromide
Sodium carbonate
None of the above
This chemical controls the swelling of the emulsion:
Acetic acid
Sodium sulfite
Chelates
Glutaraldehyde
None of the above
Which of the following chemicals is a sequestering agent for the developer?
Acetate
Boric acid
Hydroquinone
None of the above
Sodium sulfite
Sodium carbonate enhances the action of the developing agent by controlling the concentration of hydrogen ions or the pH. Sodium carbonate is a/an:
Acid
Alkali
Neutral
The positive electrode of the x-ray tube is called the:
Anode
Cathode
Focusing cup
Target
All of the above
The negative electrode of the x-ray tube is called the:
Anode
Cathode
Focusing cup
Target
All of the above
A diagnostic x-ray tube is an example of a/n:
Anode
Cathode
Electrode
Diode
None of the above
Which of the following is TRUE about the x-ray tube housing?1. Protects the patient and the radiologic technologist from leakage radiation2. Protects the radiologic technologist from scattered radiation 3. Protects from accidental electrocution 4. Protects the x-ray tube from damage due to rough handling
1
2 &4
2, 3, & 4 only
1, 3 & 4 only
All of the above
A function of the glass envelope or glass enclosure is...
To ensure longer tube life
To maintain a constant electric potential between the electrons of the tube current and the enclosure
To maintain a vacuum inside the x-ray tube
To withstand tremendous amounts of heat
None of the above
Which of the following is the most common cause of x-ray tube failure?
Pitting of anode target
Short circuit due to high voltage load
X-ray tube arcing
Tungsten vaporization and deposit on internal components
None of the above
Tungsten is the target material of choice for general radiography, because:
It can withstand the flow of high electric current within the x-ray tube
It is an efficient metal for heat dissipation
The use of tungsten results in efficient x-ray production a.
All of the above
None of the above
Most x-ray tubes contain two filaments. These two filaments serve to:
Produce higher energy x-rays
Produce a greater amount of electrons
Provide two focal spot sizes
Reduce the effects of thermionic emission
All of the above
Which of the following is TRUE about stationary anode x-ray tubes?
Not used in general purpose x-ray tubes
Used in dental x-ray imaging systems
Used in portable imaging systems
All of the above
None of the above
All of the following are common anode materials, except:
Copper
Graphite
Molybdenum
Rhodium
None of the above
The addition of this alloy gives the target of the anode added mechanical strength to withstand the stresses of high speed rotation:
Copper
Molybdenum
Rhenium
Rhodium
Thorium
The addition of this alloy gives the rotating target strength against the effects of repetitive thermal expansion and contraction:
Copper
Molybdenum
Rhenium
Rhodium
Thorium
For x-ray production to occur, an electric current is supplied to the:
Anode
Cathode
Filament
Target
None of the above
The production of x-rays is a result of:
The acceleration of the space charge from anode to cathode
The interaction of negatively charged electrons with the atoms of the target
The application of current to the cathode
A & B only
All of the above
X-ray tube current involves which part of the x-ray tube?
Anode
Cathode
Diode
All of the above
X-ray tube voltage involves which part of the x-ray tube?
Anode
Cathode
Diode
All of the above
The effect on an increase in x-ray tube current on the radiographic image is:
An increase in the number of electrons produced in the anode
An increase in the number of x-rays produced in the target
An increase in radiographic contrast
None of the above
All of the above
The effect of an increase in x-ray tube voltage on the radiographic image is:
An increase in radiographic density
An increase in the number of x-rays produced in the cathode
An increase in the number of electrons in the space charge
All of the above
Which of the following is true about the process of thermionic emission?
Only occurs in the anode
Only occurs in the cathode
Is dependent on voltage
B & C only
None of the above
A space charge is composed of:
Electrons produced during thermionic emission
Free electrons
Negatively charged electrons
All of the above
In order for x-ray production to occur, the electrons produced via thermionic emission should:
Be accelerated towards the anode via high voltage power
Be concentrated and accelerated by the negative charge of the focusing cup
Be concentrated
All of the above
None of the above
Which of the following statements is/are true?
Thermionic emission at both high and low kVp can be space charge limited depending on the x-ray tube current
Thermionic emission at high kVp and low mA can be space charge limited
Thermionic emission at low kVp and high mA can be space charge limited
Which of the following statements is/are true?
The space charge produced in the anode is responsible for the quantity of the x-rays in the x-ray beam
The X-ray tube current is responsible for the number of x-rays exiting the patient
Hermionic emission does not contribute to x-ray beam quality
Thermionic emission is responsible for the penetrability of the x-rays in the x-ray beam
An increase in wavelength will result to:
Higher quality x-rays
Higher x-ray frequency
Increase in the number of electrons produced in the cathode
None of the above
All of the above
An decrease in frequency will result to:
An increase in the number of electrons produced in the cathode
High contrast radiographic images
Higher quality x-rays
All of the above
None of the above
Increasing the milliamperage will result in:
High contrast radiographic images
Higher quality x-rays
Increase in the number of electrons produced in the anode
Increased thermionic emission
All of the above
Increasing the x-ray tube voltage will result in:
Low contrast radiographic images
Higher quality x-rays
Increase in the number of characteristic radiation produced in the anode
All of the above
None of the above
A decrease in x-ray penetrability is the result of:
Decreasing x-ray tube current
Decreasing x-ray tube voltage
Increasing kVp
Increasing mA
None of the above
An increase in x-ray beam quantity is the result of:
Increasing kVp
Increasing mA
Increasing x-ray tube current
All of the above
Increasing x-ray tube voltage
An reduction in x-ray beam quality is the result of:
Decreasing x-ray tube current
Decreasing x-ray tube voltage
Increasing kVp
Increasing mA
None of the above
An x-ray beam with low quality contains:
X-rays which are easily absorbed by anatomic structures
X-rays which are highly penetrating
X-rays with short wavelengths
X-rays with varying intensities
None of the above
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