What do heavy metals, as general chemical agent, target?

Proteins by denaturation

Dissolving of membranes

Both proteins and membranes

What do alcohols, as general chemical agent, target?

Proteins by denaturation

Dissolving of membranes

Both proteins and membranes

What is the biggest antimicrobial metal?

Copper

Silver

Gold

Aluminum

Detergents targets membranes by disrupting

Ionization

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrophobic interactions

T/F: Ionizing radiation causes thymine dimers which, in turn, creates too many mutations and makes the microbe nonviable.

True

False

Which is not a target of antimicrobial drugs?

Cell wall peptidoglycan

Gene expression

Disulfide bridges

DNA replication

T/F: The goal of antibiotic design is to pick the most narrow spectrum drug that will still be effective

True

False

Which spectrum of activity would be ideal when you don't know what it is and it needs to be treated right away?

Narrow

Moderate

Broad

Which is poor for oral dosing?

Penicillin G

Penicillin V

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

Which is the enzyme that cuts B-lactam ring?

Salivary amylase

B-lactamase

Acetylcholinesterase

Enzymase

T/F: Hospital acquired strains of disease have much greater resistance

True

False

Vancomycin inhibits peptidoglycan structure by

Crowding of side chain

Completely inhibits enzyme that would normally make crossbridge

Sits next to tetrapeptide and blocks enzyme from inserting crosslink

Which is more broad spectrum than penicillin and more resistant to B-lactamase?

Vancomycin

MRSA

Cephalosporins

Miconazole

Drugs (antibiotics) that target protein synthesis are generally considered

Narrow spectrum

Broad spectrum

Which classes of antibiotics might target bacterial DNA synthesis without hindering our own?

Miconazole

Fluoroquinolones

Erythromycin

Rifampin

Which is not lined by a mucous membrane?

Digestive tract

Respiratory

Skin

Microbes that are "always there" and beneficial are

Transients

Obligate pathogens

Residents

Opportunists

A pathogen that WILL cause disease in a susceptible host are called

Opportunistic pathogens

Obligate pathogens

Which is not considered an opportunity for a pathogen to cause disease?

Immune system is comprimised

Microbes get in a sterile environment

Broad spectrum antibiotics wipe out competition

All are considered an ideal opportunity

Competitive exclusion is

When multiple species compete for the same resource and one often outcompetes the other

Establishment of bacteria in the extracellular environment

Normally harmless microbes that will take advantage of opportunities to cause infection

Which is NOT a characteristic of sebum

An oily secretion

Acidic and discourages growth of pathogens

Found in mucous membranes

T/F: Males have a higher incidence rate of UTIs

True

False

T/F: Infants have an equal chance for UTIs (male or female)

True

False

T/F: During the bacterial process of disease, bacteria that remain extracellularly is called invasion

True

False

T/F: All Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens

True

False

Select all correct answers: Viruses hijack the cells and cause disease by

Rendering the cells nonfunctional

Immune system finds and destroys infected cells

Colonization of extracellular bacteria

Conversion from working for your body --> working for the virus

Someone who harbors a microbe without showing symptoms is a

Carrier

Vector

Reservoir

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