Patho Test 4- Ch.40

A male patient with a history of heavy alcohol use has been admitted to hospital for malnutrition and suspected pancreatitis. The patient's diagnostic workup suggests alcoholic ketoacidosis as a component of his current health problems. He is somewhat familiar with the effect that drinking has had on his nutrition and pancreas but is wholly unfamiliar with the significance of acid–base balance. How best could his care provider explain the concept to him?

When explaining how carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid as part of acid–base lecture, the faculty instructor emphasized that which enzyme is needed as a catalyst for this reaction?

A 31-year-old client with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure has been admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Arterial blood sampling indicates that the man has an acid–base imbalance. Which of the following situations is most likely to result in an inappropriate pH?

A patient with ESRD comes into the emergency department in severe acidosis. The nurse notes that the respiratory rate is 36 breaths/minute. The nurse understands the pathophysiology of this response and explains to the student nurse that the patient's

Place the following stages of the hydrogen ion elimination and bicarbonate conservation in the proximal tubules of the nephrons in the ascending chronological order. Use all the options. A) CO2 and H2O are produced. B) H+ is secreting into the tubular fluid. C) Carbonic acid is produced. D) H+ combines with filtered HCO3–.

Following several days in an acidotic state, a hospital patient has returned to desired pH. Which of the following processes could have contributed to the resolution of the patient's health problem?

When trying to explain the role of potassium and hydrogen related to acid–base balance, which of the following statements is accurate?

A client with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with suspected ketoacidosis. Which of the following diagnostic results would most likely confirm this diagnosis?

A patient who has just had her first postoperative dinner out to celebrate her recovery from an intestinal bypass is brought to the emergency room by her spouse. He reports that the patient seems disoriented and is slurring her words. The patient did not have any alcohol with her pasta dinner. Which of the following might be the cause of her symptoms?

The nurse is caring for a patient with ketoacidosis, who is complaining of increasing lethargy and occasional confusion following several weeks of rigid adherence to a carbohydrate-free diet. The nurse understands which of the following phenomena is most likely occurring?

A 14-year-old boy, appearing to be intoxicated, is brought to the emergency room by ambulance. The EMTs report that the boy has denied consuming anything out of the ordinary, but an open antifreeze container was found in the boy's room. Which of the following is likely to be used to treat the patient's symptoms?

A patient who overdosed on aspirin is brought to the emergency department. The nurse caring for this patient should anticipate which of the following clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.

Which of the following individuals are at risk of developing metabolic alkalosis? Select all that apply.

A 55-year-old male client with a history of cardiovascular disease has been admitted to the intensive care unit after recovering from cardiogenic shock. In the hours since admission, the client's arterial blood gases indicate acidosis, most likely acute lactic acidosis. Which of the following signs, symptoms, and diagnostic findings might his care team anticipate before the acid–base balance is restored? Select all that apply.

A nurse is providing care for a client who has been diagnosed with metabolic alkalosis after several days of antacid use. Which of the following treatments should the nurse prepare to give?

A hospital patient's arterial blood gases indicate normal levels of oxygen and increased carbon dioxide. The patient's respiratory rate is 12 breaths/minute (normal 14 to 20 breaths/minute) with all other vital signs within normal range. While not evident from assessment and diagnostics, the patient's kidneys are minimizing both H+ excretion and HCO3– reabsorption. What is this client's most likely diagnosis?

A 77-year-old female diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. Which of the following pathophysiological principles would her health care team expect if her compensatory mechanisms are working?

The ICU nurse is concerned with her patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results—especially the pH 7.30; and PCO2 49 mm Hg. The nurse interprets these ABG results to mean respiratory acidosis. The nurse knows which of the following are clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply.

A 55-year-old woman has presented to the emergency department following a panic attack. Her blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate are all highly elevated, while her temperature and oxygen saturation are within normal ranges. What is the woman's body most likely doing to address the changes in pH associated with her situation?

In the neurotrauma unit, a teenager with a closed head injury related to an automobile accident is experiencing high intracranial pressure (ICP). He is intubated and is on a ventilator. One treatment for this is to allow him to progress into which acid–base imbalance in an attempt to lower ICP?