GENETICS 2020
Non invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis/screening are
Chorionic villous sampling 
Nuchal fold translucency 
Cordocentesis 
Aminocentesis 
FAP level in mothers serum 
MLPA method 
Is a sequence analysis 
Can detect rearrangements in genes
Is used for DMD 
Can detect big mutations 
Can detect balanced translocations 
 Which structures in females arise from Mullerian ducts
Uterus 
Labia minora 
Clitoris 
Ovary 
Fallopian tubes 
The risk of death in breast cancer patients with constitutional PALB2 mutation during 10 years following tumor diagnosis incase of tumor size above 2 cm is around:
10%
70%
20%
100%
40%
 Features reducing the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 carriers include:
Tubal ligation 
Adnexectomy 
Low cadmium level 
Breast feeding 
Oral contraceptives 
 7) HNPCC susp.can be diagnose when 45 years old colorectal cancer patient has
Daughter affected by sarcoma
Brother affected by stomach cancer
 father affected by small bowel cancer
Mother affected by brain tumor
Sister affected by endometrial cancer
Chose a cause of deformation
Gene mutation 
Olighydramnios 
Preterm delivery 
Chromosomal aberration 
Twin pregnancy 
 Diseases are inherited with X-chromosome are:
Cystic fibrosis 
Huntington disease
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 
Heamophilia A 
Rett syndrome 
 Two the most common genes among cancers associated with high risk of tumors are:
BRCA2
MLH1
CHECK2
BRCA1
MSH2
 Becker muscular dystrophy:
Disease is observed mainly in boys
Is connected with PALB gene mutations
 life span may be normal
 elevation of serum creatin kinase is characteristic
 firs symptoms are observed in late childhood
 Surveillance options for BRCA1 carriers include:
USG of breast
MRI of breast
Mammography 
USG of ovaries 
MRI of ovaries 
 Infertility is observer in following syndrome:
Swyer sy
Triple X sy
Klinefelter sy
Androgen 
Insensitivity sy 
Turner sy 
In diagnosis of single gene disorders you can use:
PCR - RFLP 
FISH with centromeric probe 
Real time PCR 
Sequencing 
Karyotyping 
 Which of these causes mental retardation in boys:
Becker muscular dystrophy 
Down syndrome 
Haemophilia B 
Fragile X syndrome 
Rett syndrome 
Huntington disease 
Is caused by many CAG repeats in DNA 
 if mutation is transmitted by father number of CAG repeats might increase
Is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder
All answers above are correct
Area of the brain damaged by Huntington's disease is striatum
What is the safest gestational age to perform amniocentesis:
12 - 14 weeks
6 - 9 weeks
14 - 18 weeks 
Any time after 6 weeks
9 - 12 weeks
 Genetic risk for polyigenic disorders in relatives of an affected person:
Depends upon number of cases in family
Is accessed by Mendel’s laws
Depends upon mother’s age
 is evaluated on the basis of studies of twin concordance
 depends upon severity of symptoms
If a patient is suspected to have FAP, what is recommended:
Kidney USG
Gastroscopy 
Colonoscopy 
Pedigree analysis 
Prophylactic colonectomy if confirmed 
Which of the following embryonal structures make male organs
Mesonephros 
Urogential sinus 
Wolffian ducts 
Fetal gonads 
Mullerian duct 
HNPCC should be suspected in family where 41 year old woman is diagnosed with colorectal cancer and additionally:
Son is affected by neuroblastoma
Mother is affected by breast cancer
 brother is affected by bladder cancer
 sister is affected by ovarian cancer
 father is affected by small bowel cancer
 25% Risk of disease in siblings of an affected man is characteristic for:
Hemochromatosis
Hypercholesterolemia
Klinefelter syndrome
Lynch sy
Cystic fibrosis 
Daughter of a man affected by Hemophilia will be a carrier of this disease with a probability of:
100%
25%
0%
50%
10%
) Sign methods decreasing breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 carriers:
 prophylactic mastectomy
 use of tamoxifen
 bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Breast feeding 
Oral contraceptives
 Following are the examples of aneuploidy:
46, XY, t(9;22)(q34;q11)
45, X
Frameshift mutation
47, XY, +18
Misense mutation 
Familial aggregation of cancers is characteristic for
Polygenic inheritance
Monogenic recessive with low penetrance
Monogenic dominant with high penetrance
Monogenic dominant with low penetrance
Monogenic recessive with high penetrance
Increased risk of following neoplasms in VHL mutation carriers:
Kidney 
Ovary 
Adrenal gland 
Hemangioblastoma cerebelli 
Brest 
A patient (46,XY) with MIF (AMH) mutation is:
 Generally fertile
 Male with pseudohermaphroditism
Male appearance with female genitals
Female appearance with undifferenciated genitals
Having Persistent Mullerian Duct syndrome
 Pedigree presentation corresponding to autosomal dominant inheritance pattern is characteristic for:
Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer
Becker muscular dystrophy 
 HNPCC
Huntigton disease
VHL syndrome 
 In 30 year old patient asymptomatic retinal hemangioblastoma was detected. Proper management includes:
Mutation testing in VHL gene 
 abdominal ultrasound is indicated
Observation only
Treatment with laser- or kryo-therapy
Colonoscopy is indicated
Prophylactic adnexectomy is indicated in BRCA1 carriers because it:
Decreases the risk of ovarian Ca
Decreases the risk of colorectal cancer
Decreases the risk of Fallopian tube ca
Improves survival in cases of breast cancer 
Decreases the risk of breast cancer 
 Finding of MLH1 constitutional mutation in patient from family with endometrial and small bowel cancers will lead todiagnose:
Breast-ovarian cancer syndrome
Lynch sy
HNPCC
FAP 
Li - Fraumeni syndrome 

Presented below pedigree is an example of:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
X-linked recessive inheritance 
Mitochondrial inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance
Definitive diagnosis of HOC
Autosomal dominant traits:
Affected males always have unaffected daughters
 appear in every generation
 50% chance of inheriting the disease
 male and female are equally likely to have the disease and to transmit the disease
Normal members transmit the disease
 In differential diagnosis between HNPCC and FAP it is recommended to consider occurrence of:
Polyposis
Endometriosis 
Desmoids 
Cysts of mandible 
Blindness
Optimal treatment of breast cancer patients with BRCA1 constitutional mutation should include:
Tamoxifen
Oral contraceptives
Platins 
HRT 
Adexectomy
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