Motlow AEMT Midterm Review Part 1
What is a dynamic, circular system of continuous internal and external reviews and audits of all aspects of an EMS call?
Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)
Community Paramedicine
Mobile Integrated Health Care (MIH)
Medical Control
What defines the scope of practice within a local response area?
Standard of care
Scope of Practice
Standing Orders
Protocol
When does coverage for good samaritan laws not have effect.
When a certified provider is not on shift
When injury or damage occurs due to gross negligence
When the patient is a child
When the patient files a lawsuit against the provider
When patients refuse treatment and refuses to sign a refusal, what should a provider do?
Contact Medical Control
Tell the patient they must sign or they will have to pay for the treatment
Contact Medical Control and document thouroughly
Contact Medical Control, document thouroughly and have a bystander sign as a witness
What is the department of homeland security system designed to enable federal, state, and loval governments, private sector and non gevernmental organizations effectively prepare for domestic incidents
National Incident Management System
Incident Command System
JumpSTART Triage
Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD)
A pertinent negative is...
Symptoms that confirm a patient is not sick or injured at all
Signs or symptoms with negative findings that que an AEMT of medical conditions it cannot possibly be
Signs, symptoms or findings that hint to an AEMT that the patient condition is unstable
Preload
What is the recovery position
Prone, eyes closed
Lateral and recumbant
Standing, hands on head
Semi fowler's with knees elevated
The wrist is more proximal than the elbow
True
False
The sternum is medial
True
False
You are called to scene of a patient involved in a MVC. The patient is a 23 y/o F with a major laceration on her forehead. She is cool to the touch and screaming for help. As and AEMT, what is the first concern for the patient on scene?
XABCs, Control the bleeding
ABCs, confirm the patient is breathing adequately
C-Spine stabalization
Check a patient set of vitals
A blowout fracture afffects the ________ bone and le fort fractures affects the ______ bone
Ulna, Humerus
Orbital, Maxillary
Occipital, Temporal
Frontal, Mandible
Chronotropic effects impact
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate
Kidney function
Inotropic effects impacts
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Heart contractility
Heart conductivity
Dromotropic effects impact
Hearts conductivity
Heart rate
Heart contractility
Blood pressure
This condition can be a result of excessive food intake, insufficient insulin doses, infection, illness, injury or emotional stress and is defined as elevated levels of glucose in the blood
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperkalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperpreload
Which of the following bones would not generally be associated with facial traumas?
Mandible
Nasal
Occipital
Zygomatic
Formula for Cardiac output
Preload - Afterload
Heart rate x Stroke volume
E = MC squared
TV x RR
Which of the following is the currect flow path of the electrical conductivity of the heart
SA - AV - Bundle of Branches - Bundle His - Purky Fibers
Bundle Branches - Bundle of His - AV - SA - Purkjy Fibrin
SA - AV - Bundle of His - Bundle Branches - Purkinje Fibers
AV - SA - Bundle Branches - Bundle of His - Purjink Fibers
Stimulation of the Sympathetic Nervous System includes
Increased HR, increased contractility, bronchial dialation
Increased HR, decreased contractility, bronchial dialation
Decreased HR, decreased contractility, bronchial constriction
Syncope
Stimulation of the Parasympathetic Nervous System includes
Increased HR, increased contractility, bronchial dialation
Increased HR, decreased contractility, bronchial dialation
Decreased HR, decreased contractility, bronchial constriction
Syncope
Hydrogen Ions are
Basic
Acidic
Isotropic
Frank Starling's law is
Increased ventricular filling means increased heart contractility
Providers have 1 hour to get patients to definitive care
The more you give, the more you get
200 L of blood must flow throught the kidneys every day
Group of cells located in the pancreas that produce insulin and glucagon
Pancreatic Endocrinal Pathway
Duodenum
Isle of Longhorns
Islets of Langerhans
Hypoxic Drive is determined by
Lack of CO2
Excess CO2
Excess O2
Lack of O2
The Diencephalon is made up of
Thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem
Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
Brainstem is comprised of
Thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
Occipital lope controls
Motor function
Memory
Speech
Vision
The brain is composed of
Thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem
The reticular activating system is located in the _______ and controls _______.
Brainstem, motor functions
Kidneys, hormone production
Midbrain, consciousness
Hear, blood pressure
Movement of a solutes from an area of higher to lower concentration
Diffusion
Osmosis
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
Movement of a solvent from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration
Diffusion
Osmosis
Krebs cycle
Glycolysis
The ability of cardiac cells to generate an impulse to contract even when there is no external nervous stimulus
Automaticity
Excitability
Conductivity
Dromotropy
The ability of the cardiac cells to conduct electrical impulses
Automaticity
Excitability
Conductivity
Dromotropy
A property of cardiac cells that provides the cells with the ability to respond to electrical impulses
Automaticity
Excitability
Conductivity
Dromotropy
What is V/Q mismatch?
Measurement that examines how much gas is being moved effectively and how much blood is gaining access to the alveoli
Preload
The circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet cells' current needs
Oxyctocin
Perfusion
Afterload
Circulation
PH is low, hydrogen ion concentration is high, patient is hypoventilating
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
PH is high, hydrogen ion concentration is low, patient is hyperventilating
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
A patient presents with high fever, skin hot to the touch, and mottled skin. What type of shock is the patient experiencing?
Septic
Anaphylaxis
Distributive
Obstructive
A patient is currently experiencing blood pooling into their pericardium, causing difficulty for the heart to properly pump blood. What type of shock is this patient experiencing?
Cardiac tamponade
Distributive shock
Cardiogenic Shock
Pericardiocentesis
Which of the following is not a form of distributive shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Anaphylaxis
Obstructive shock
What is an increase to cellular size as a result of synthesis of more subcellular compnents
Phagocytosis
Lysis
Hypertrophy
Hypotrophy
Which is a uncontrollable risk factory
Smoking
Exposure to asbestos
Diet
Genetics
Primary concern when dealing with pediatric airways
Disproportionate sized tounge
Small lungs
Decrease preload for children
Difficulty intubating
Neonate is
Birth to 1 month
1 month to 1 year
1 year to 3 years
1 month before birth
Toddler is
1 month to 1 year
1 year to 3 years
3 years to 6 years
65 years or older
Trauma arrests, primary concern is
Major life threats
Airway
History taking
Breathing
You are doing CPR on a patient, and you deliver a shock. What do you do next
Reassess pulse
Shock the patient again
Begin to place an advanced airway
Resume chest compressions
First step in the BLS chain of survival
Immediate high quality CPR
Advanced and basic EMS
Activation of EMS
Recovery
What is the third chain in the BLS chain of survival
Preload
Rapid defribilation
Recovery
ALS postarrest care
A patient is breathing at 10 respirations per minute, shallow and labored. HR is 62. They are cool pale and diaphoretic. They have a history of HTN and left sided heart failure. What intervention should an AEMT immediately start?
CPR
CPAP
BVM and O2
No intervention and reassess
Aniscoria is?
Uneven pupil size
Alveoli collapse
Calcium build up in arteries
Low RBC in blood
Patient presents as lethargic and has an altered mental status. What would an AEMT first suspect
Hyperglycemic
Hypoglycemic
Stroke/CVA
Pneumonia
A laceration is spurting bright red blood. What would you suspect?
Venous bleed
The patient was assaulted
Arteriole bleed
Patient has increased preload
What is flail chest?
Unilateral chest rise and fall as a result of a pneumothorax
Rib fracture in 2 places leaving a floating rib that moves with ventilation
One of the sides of the trauma triad of death
A traumatic injury, example: gunshot would
Difference between respiratory distress and arrest?
Distress: inadequate ventilation, arrest: increased work of breathing
Distress: adequate perfusion but patient is anxious, arrest: the absence of repiration
Distress: increased respiratory effort, arrest: respiratory absence without cardiac activity
Distress: inadequate ventilation, arrest: inadequate oxygenation
A unresponsive patient has no pulse and isn't breathing. They have blood coming from the mouth. What should an AEMT do next.
Suspect the patient has trauma to the respiratory system and transport immediately
Prepare an AED
Wipe the blood from the patient's mouth and continue to the secondary assessment
Begin CPR, suction airway and start a BVM
The safety factory of an O2 tank is
1000 psi
500 psi
Flow rate x psi
100 psi
A patient that has not been breathing for 5 minutes
Has possible brain damage
Is unlikely to have brain damage
Is very likely to have brain damage
Has irreversible brain damage
A patient that has not been breathing for 2 minutes
Has possible brain damage
Is unlikely to have brain damage
Is very likely to have brain damage
Has irreversible brain damage
What is a contraindication of CPAP
Patient has never used CPAP
Elevated pulse
Patient is altered or unconscious
Patient uses CPAP at night
Ideally, a patient's SpO2 reads
100%
90-95%
91-97%
94-99%
These types of molecules attack cells and membranes in an attempt to gain back a missing electron
Histamines
Fibrinocyte
Leukotrienes
Free radicals
The maximum amount of time you can suction a infant is ___, a child is ___, and an adult is ___.
5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds
10 seconds, 15 seconds, 20 seconds
1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes
1 hour
What is the tidal volume of the average adult?
750 ml
1000 ml
500 ml
50 ml
Any portion of the airway that contains air, but does not participate in gas exchange is referred to as?
Minute volume
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve
Dead space
Which are all routes of medication administration?
Buccal, per os, intranasal, intravenous
Intraosseous, sublingual, intraglucal
Intrapreloaded, intramuscular, rectal
Outraosseous, intravenous, intranasal, transdermal
These receptors deal with smooth muscle contraction
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2
These receptors deal with heart contractility
Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2
These receptors deal with smooth muscle dilation
Alpha 1
Beta 2
Alpha 2
Beta 1
1 kg equals __ lbs
1
2
1.2
2.2
This solution has a lower concentration of sodium than cells
Hypertonic
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Dromotonic
This solution has the same concentration of sodium as a cell
Dromotonic
Isotonic
Isotropic
Normal tonic
What is the key difference between aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism?
Aerobic concerns blood, anaerobic concerns water
Presence of water in blood
Presence of oxygen
Aerobic concerns digestion, anaerobic concerns resting metabolism
Minimal systolic bp to perfuse vital organs is
80/90 mmHg
60/70 mmHg
120 mmHg
100 mmHg
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