Ch 2
A chronically ill patient who is experiencing denial:
A. Is typically withdrawn and will not speak to you.
B. Commonly makes statements such as “Why me?”
C. Usually tries to make a deal to avoid the inevitable.
D. Often cannot believe what is happening to him or her.
A CISD is used to:
A. Alleviate the stress reactions caused by high-stress incidents.
B. Investigate potential wrongdoings by the EMS responder.
C. Identify the exact stressors that resulted in the stress reaction.
D. Determine whether any errors in patient care occurred.
A combination of caffeine and alcohol would MOST likely cause:
A. Low blood pressure.
B. dehydration
C. hyperactivity.
D. depression.
A patient is trapped in his car following a collision. After the paramedic starts an intravenous (IV) line on the patient, the paramedic hands you the needle. You should:
A. Lay the needle on the ground and document its location.
B. Carefully recap the needle and dispose of it properly.
C. Break the needle off and place it in a sharps container.
D. Place the needle directly in a puncture-proof container.
Accompanied by a concerned neighbor, you enter the residence of an unconscious elderly woman and encounter several small dogs. As you approach the patient, one of the dogs begins to growl at you. You should:
A. Carefully pick up the dog and put it in another room or in the back yard.
B. Have your partner distract the dog as you quickly assess the patient.
C. Immediately retreat from the scene and notify the animal control officer.
D. Remain calm and ask the neighbor to secure the dogs in another room.
An important step in managing your own stress is the ability to:
. Ignore its signs and symptoms.
B. Project the stress toward others.
C. Eliminate all stressors in your life.
D. Recognize its signs and symptoms.
As an EMR, your MOST important consideration is:
A. Ensuring your own safety.
B. Accessing the patient.
C. Assisting paramedics at the scene.
D. Providing competent patient care.
Caffeine is a drug that:
A. Decreases your reaction time.
B. Causes a release of adrenaline.
C. Results in a low level of activity.
D. Causes a drop in blood pressure.
CISDs are usually conducted:
A. within 24 to 72 hours following a major incident.
B. Only if more than two people are severely affected.
C. within 12 to 24 hours following a major incident.
D. Immediately following a major incident.
Common signs or symptoms of stress include:
A. An increase in sexual drive.
B. Heightened awareness.
C. Excessive eating.
D. Insomnia or nightmares.
Depression and a reduced ability to deal with stress would MOST likely be caused by:
A. sugar.
B. Coffee or cola.
C. caffeine.
D. alcohol.
Difficulty sleeping may be a difficult sign of stress to recognize in emergency responders because:
A. Increased adrenalin levels often cause the responder to be hyperactive.
B. Stress usually causes emergency responders to request additional hours.
C. Shift work or rotating hours make normal sleep patterns hard to maintain.
D. The emergency responder often responds to stress by sleeping excessively.
During a multiple-casualty incident, you and your partner are caring for patients until emergency medical technician (EMT) and paramedic units arrive. There are three patients, all of whom have bleeding from various wounds. After taking care of the first patient, you should:
A. Wash off your gloves with a disinfectant solution before caring for another patient.
B. Immediately move to the next patient and provide bleeding control as needed.
C. Take off your gloves and apply another pair before caring for another patient.
D. Place another pair of gloves over the blood-soaked gloves you are wearing.
During an incident that may involve electrical hazards, you should:
A. Recall that electricity is usually visible.
B. Put on rubber gloves and turn the power source off.
C. Wear a helmet with a chin strap and a face shield.
D. Have law enforcement turn off the power source.
Emergency medical service (EMS) providers, law enforcement officers, and fire fighters are especially at risk for:
A. Increased circulating blood sugar levels.
B. Violent behavior and homicidal thoughts.
C. An overall decrease in blood pressure.
D. Dehydration caused by excess fluid loss.
Federal regulations require that all vehicles transporting a certain quantity of hazardous materials:
. Carry a pair of binoculars and the current Emergency Response Guidebook.
B. Proceed through neighborhood areas when highway traffic is heavy.
C. Be operated by a person who has received extensive hazardous materials training.
D. Be marked with a placard that identifies the material being transported.
If you are experiencing stress away from your job, you should:
A. Obtain a prescription for antianxiety medication.
B. Seek assistance from a mental health professional.
C. Spend some time away from family and friends.
D. Find another job not related to emergency medicine.
If you have any doubts about the safety of a scene, you should:
A. Refuse to respond from your station until the police arrive.
B. Wait at a safe distance and request law enforcement.
C. Carefully assess the scene and report to law enforcement.
D. Proceed to the scene with extreme caution.
In which of the following situations would the use of a gown or apron, face shield, and gloves clearly be indicated?
A. Obtaining vital signs
B. All emergency situations
C. Emergency childbirth
D. Minor trauma
Nformation regarding the stresses that you will encounter and the reactions you may experience would MOST likely be provided to you during:
A. Preincident stress education.
B. Postincident stress debriefings.
C. Critical incident stress debriefings (CISDs).
D. on-scene peer support sessions.
Most cases of MRSA occur in:
A. The elderly population.
B. Trauma patients.
C. Infants and children.
D. Healthcare settings.
Patients who pose the highest risk of transmitting TB almost invariably:
A. Gain weight.
B. Are older adults.
C. Have a cough.
D. Have a fever
The disease-causing agents that are spread through contact with blood or other secretions are called:
A. antigens.
B. viruses.
C. bacteria.
D. pathogen
The H1N1 strain of influenza (swine flu) has caused concern because:
A. There is presently no vaccination against H1N1.
B. Few people have immunity to this strain of virus.
C. It is most commonly spread via infected blood.
D. It is fatal in the majority of people who are infected
The MOST common cause of death in public safety workers is:
. Heart and blood vessel disease.
B. job-related accidents.
C. Cancer from exposure to poisons.
D. Depression and suicide.
The MOST effective way to prevent exposure to infectious diseases is to:
A. Ensure that your immunizations are current.
B. Place a mask on all patients you treat.
C. Follow standard precautions on all calls.
D. Wash your hands thoroughly after each call.
There is no scientific documentation that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted via urine, nasal secretions, or sputum, unless:
A. The patient is in the later stages of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
B. The secretions contain visible signs of blood.
C. The rescuer has been immunized against HIV.
D. The secretions come into contact with intact skin.
To see his grandson graduate from high school, a man with a terminal illness promises to keep all of his doctor's appointments and take all of his medications exactly as prescribed. This is an example of:
A. denial.
B. acceptance.
C. bargaining.
D. anger.
Ways in which the emergency medical responder (EMR) can prevent and reduce unnecessary stress include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. Frequent exposure to stress-causing situations to train the mind.
B. Being aware of the resources and services that are available.
C. Adjustments in lifestyle to include stress-reducing activities.
D. Learning to recognize the signs and symptoms of stress.
What effects does caffeine have on the body?
A. Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
B. Overhydration and decreased stress levels
C. Decreased alertness, sleepiness, and depression
D. Increased blood pressure and increased stress
When parking your vehicle at an emergency scene, you should:
A. First ensure the safety of your partner and the patient(s).
B. Avoid reflective vests because they will distract other drivers.
C. Protect the emergency scene from traffic hazards.
D. Park your vehicle as close to the patient(s) as possible
When you encounter a patient with a significant illness, it is important to remember that he or she:
A. Will always project anger toward you.
B. Has probably already accepted the situation.
C. Is usually depressed and will not talk.
D. May be experiencing any stage of grief.
Which of the following immunizations and tests are recommended for EMS providers?
. hepatitis C vaccine, HIV prophylaxis, and annual TB skin testing
B. West Nile virus vaccine, tetanus prophylaxis, and hepatitis B vaccine
C. TB skin testing, hepatitis A vaccine, and prophylactic antibiotics
D. Tetanus prophylaxis, hepatitis B vaccine, and TB skin testing
Which of the following infectious diseases would be the LEAST likely to be spread by the airborne droplet route?
A. methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
B. influenza
C. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
D. tuberculosis (TB)
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when responding to an emergency scene?
A. Taking the shortest route
B. Considering the drivers around you
C. Fastening your safety belt
D. Proceeding quickly but safely
Which of the following is NOT a normal part of the grieving process?
A. anger
B. violence
C. depression
D. acceptance
Which of the following is NOT part of the standard precautions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
A. Wash your hands immediately after patient contact.
B. Place needles directly in a puncture-proof container.
C. Wear a face shield if blood splatter is anticipated.
D. Use leather gloves as a barrier against blood and fluids.
Which of the following is the MOST effective way to avoid allowing an angry patient or family member to interfere with your patient care duties?
A. Ignore the behavior and continue your duties.
B. Be stern with the patient or family member.
C. Cease all care until everyone calms down.
D. Realize that the anger is not because of you.
Which of the following represents the LEAST healthy and well-balanced diet?
A. Six ounces of pasta and 2.5 cups of a variety of vegetables
B. whole-grain cereal, vegetables, and low-fat milk
C. One cup of fruit, 3 ounces of salt, and 1 cup of fat-free milk
D. Lean meats, fish, fat-free milk, and yogurt
Which of the following statements regarding HIV is NOT correct?
A. There is currently no vaccine to protect rescuers from HIV.
B. HIV is transmitted via direct contact with infected blood.
C. Blood splashed into the eyes is a significant route of exposure.
D. Most people with HIV show symptoms early in their disease.
Which of the following statements regarding stress is correct?
A. Very young patients tend to cause the least amount of stress.
B. Most emergency calls produce only a minor level of stress.
C. Past experiences may make it difficult to deal with stress.
D. Mass-casualty incidents typically produce low stress levels.
Which of the following statements regarding the acceptance stage of the grieving process is correct?
A. It is often characterized by sadness, despair, and denial.
B. Acceptance is typically the first stage of the grieving process.
C. The patient understands that the situation cannot be changed.
D. The patient is satisfied with the situation during this phase.
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B virus is correct?
A. Hepatitis B is far more contagious than HIV is.
B. Indirect contact with blood spreads hepatitis B.
C. Hepatitis B is usually spread via the droplet route.
D. There is no effective vaccine against hepatitis B.
Which of the following would MOST likely produce the greatest amount of stress for the EMR?
A. depression
B. anger
C. death
D. exercise
While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash on a hot afternoon, you begin experiencing lightheadedness and feel like you are going to faint. There are ample personnel to take care of the patients. You should:
A. Continue working but stop if your symptoms get worse.
B. Leave the scene at once and seek the care of a physician.
C. Get a cup of coffee and immediately sit down in the shade.
D. Rehabilitate yourself by drinking water or a sports drink.
You are asked to accompany a paramedic in the back of the ambulance to take care of a patient with suspected TB. The patient is coughing and is in severe respiratory distress. In addition to gloves, what protective measures should you take?
A. Apply a full face shield to the patient and don a second pair of gloves.
B. Put on a HEPA respirator and apply an oxygen mask to the patient.
C. Put on safety goggles and apply an oxygen mask to the patient.
D. Place a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on the patient and a gown on yourself.
You are dispatched to assist EMTs with an injured person. You are the first responder to arrive at the scene. As you are getting out of your vehicle, you hear someone screaming. What should you do?
A. Retreat to a safe distance until law enforcement personnel arrive.
B. Get back in your vehicle and leave the scene immediately.
C. Carefully proceed to the patient while remaining alert.
D. Access the patient quickly to determine if prompt care is needed.
You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a shooting. Law enforcement personnel have secured the scene. The patient, who is critically injured and requires immediate care, is found in his living room. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene. You should:
A. Take a mental picture of the scene and wait for the paramedic unit to arrive.
B. Provide the appropriate care while disturbing the scene as little as possible.
C. Move all furniture and other objects out of the way to make adequate room.
D. Not provide any patient care until authorized by a law enforcement officer.
You are the first responder to arrive at an emergency scene. What should you do first?
A. Wait in your vehicle until law enforcement arrives.
B. Determine exactly how many patients are involved.
C. Access the patient and initiate the appropriate care.
D. Survey the scene for potential safety hazards.
You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle crash. The vehicle is a small passenger car that rolled several times and is now resting on its side. The patient, a middle-aged man, is still in the vehicle and will not respond when you ask if he is okay. You should:
A. Assess the stability of the vehicle and notify the fire department.
B. Stabilize the car with rope and carefully extricate the man.
C. Carefully enter the car and rapidly remove the man to safety.
D. Use bystanders to help roll the car over so that you can access the man.
You can reduce stress MOST effectively during recreational activities by:
A. Including friends who are not coworkers.
B. Consuming moderate amounts of alcohol.
C. Discussing work issues with your family.
D. Limiting your use of tobacco products.
Your mental and physical health may suffer, resulting in a decreased ability to deal with stress, if you:
A. Get less than 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night.
B. Eliminate working additional shifts or a second job.
C. Fail to eat adequate amounts of sugar on a daily basis.
D. Maintain a routine of working a regular shift schedule.
Your partner, who holds a second job with a private ambulance service, is very irritable with you and the patient during a call. When you ask him to take the patient's blood pressure, he fumbles with the equipment and appears very distracted. You should be MOST suspicious that your partner:
A. Has personal issues with the patient.
B. Has been oversleeping because of stress.
C. Is abusing alcohol or illegal drugs.
D. Is experiencing sleep deprivation.
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