Racial and Colonial State Violence in Canada

In 1493 a Doctrine was invoked and used by European monarchies to legitimize the colonization of lands outside of Europe. Non-Christians were considered non-human and therefore their land was available to be “discovered”. What was it called?

In 1608 enslavement of Black people was introduced in Canada. Later, the Slavery Abolition Act abolished slavery throughout the British Empire, making enslavement illegal in every province and freeing the last remaining enslaved Black and Indigenous people in Canada. What was the year that the Slavery Abolition Act was implemented?

For over a century in Canada, Indigenous children were subjected to abuse in residential schools. They were separated from their families to assimilate them into European-Canadian society. In what year did the last residential school close?

The Common Schools Act of 1850 gave local school boards the power to create racially segregated schools, resulting in Black students often being refused entry to "common" schools and forced into substandard facilities until 1965. Which province passed this Act?

In 1876 an act was passed in Canada that is known as one of the most racist legislations in the world. It gave the federal government extensive power to govern Indigenous Peoples. Personal rights were severely restricted to assimilate Indigenous Peoples, including a ban on traditional ceremonies. A version of the Act is still in place. What is the Act called?

In 1911 Canada enacted a prohibition of immigration of this group of people, by an Order in Council stating that “any immigrant belonging to [this group] …is deemed unsuitable to the climate and requirements of Canada”

In 1914 a chartered ship arrived in Vancouver with Sikh passengers: 354 of them were refused entry due to immigration laws. After two months, the ship returned to India. 20 were killed and most imprisoned. What was the ship called?

In 1942, the Canadian government detained and dispossessed more than 90 per cent of Japanese Canadians. They were interned for the rest of the Second World War. Their homes and businesses were sold by the government. They were detained under which act?

Some Canadian women were granted this right in 1917-1918. However, all Asian Canadians and First Nations People did not begin to receive the same right until the 1940s-1960s. What was this right?

The 60s scoop refers to the mass removal of Indigenous children from their families into the child welfare system, in most cases without the consent, resulting in assimilation and a loss of cultural identity. Although Indigenous children only made up 1% of children in protective services in the 1950s nation-wide, by the late 1960s, they made up what percent?

In 1964, this city demolished the once-prosperous African Canadian community of Africville, in an act of racism. In what city did this happen?

Canada's Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP) was a federal immigration program implemented on 1992, allowing foreign nationals to be hired as caregivers or nannies. It resulted in vulnerability to economic, physical, sexual and psychological abuse. When was it ended?

Bill 62 was an Islamophobic law passed in 2017 requiring people to have their faces uncovered when receiving or providing public services, including wearing a hijab in the workplace. The Bill was later suspended because it violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In what province was it passed?