Geography Final
Select All Below the relate to maps and being used as geographic visualization
Includes visual thinking
Map Interaction
Focused on revealing unknowns
Map use being performed in the private realm
Which of the following are relevenat to the RGB color specification system?
Additive Color
Process color
Employs pigment, a subtractive media
Color is determined by particular wavelengths emitted
Colors described as a range of 0-255
Which of the following is not true of reference maps
Vary in complexity and size
Show characteristics and features that vary spacially
Include only the geographic features that provide a picture of what happened
Show several types of data without specific emphasis on one type
Not made explicitly for navigation or exploration process
Cartography Cubed was created by
J Snow
D DiBiase
A MacEachren
E Tuffle
None
Why should cartographers be concerned with how data are represented in GIS?
Cartographers don't need to be
Two types of output formats - vector and raster
The format of the data can influence how your map looks
Field based and object ontology represent raster and vector data
Drawback to Hop-Syn, PolyArt, Tyvek?
Tear-proof
Expensive
Color appearance varies
Not all printers can print on them
Relevant to CMYK color specification system
Described in ranges of 0-255 on different wavelengths
Employs pigment, subtractive media
Determined by the wavelength of light left after the pigment absorbs light
Process color
Additive Color
JPG is lossless compression
True
False
Method that makes curves smoother
Aliasing
Anti-aliasing
Agnomen
Anti-Agnomen
Prior to cartography cubed model, who developed the visual methods
J Snow
D DiBiase
A MAcEachren
Tufte
None
Choose all that are true in reference to this color vision impairment/confusion graph
Color hues that fall along one of these lines in the CIE space may be confusing
You cannot create a "safe" color scheme by choosing hues that do not fall on one of these lines
You can create a "safe" color scheme by choosing hues that do not fall on one of these lines
Color hues that fall across these lines in the CIE space may be confusing
You can create "safe" color schemes by using lightness differences
Colors that fall along these lines are confused by both classes
Color Hue
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Color Value
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Saturation
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Size
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Arrrangement
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Orientation
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Spacing
Qualitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Munsell color space is quite helpful for designing color schemes
True
False
Jacques Bertin
True
False
Eduard Imhof
True
False
Type characteristics that work well showing nominal differences
Font
Arrangement
Style
Color Hue
Saturation
When using scale bars, which is important to keep in mind?
Map scale may vary across the map
Precise scale bar numbers
Using rounded numbers (10,50,100)
Ease of use by map reader
Character spacing is kerning?
True
False
General Principles for text on maps
No overlap
No exceptions to these principles
Help map reader understand spatial distribution
Clearly associated with figures
Legible
First attempts to automate label placement by who
Robinson
Yeoli
Imhof
Huffman
Related variables for dasymetric mapping are attributes that can help us eliminates areas where data values could be
True
False
Which color scheme uses differences in hue to indicate differences in data
Diverging
Sequential
Binary
Qualitative
Term used to descirbe when different aggregations of individual counts produce different spatial patterns?
Data classification
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
Mismatch in the statistical surface
Aggregated imbalance
Which method is typically determined by looking at a graph of the data values and placing breaks in places where the slope substantially changes?
Quantile
Equal Interval
Natural Breaks
Mean-Std. Dev.
Mathematical Progressions
Optimal
Which method uses and iterative procedure that divides values into classes then minimizes variability in class and maximizes variability between classes
Quantile
Mean-Std. Dev
Optimal
Mathematical Progressions
Equal Interval
Natural Breaks
Which method uses the mean of the dataset as the middle break point?
Mean-Std. Dev.
Quantile
Optimal
MAthematical Progression
Natural Breaks
Equal Interval
There are several issues that you should consider when planning a cholropleth map
Enumeration Unit Size
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem
Data Classification
Map Appearance
Enumeration unit do provide a good reflection of the structure in the statistical surface
Ethnicity
None of the above
Property Tax Rates
Total Population
Data with rectangular distribution
Equal Interval
Natural Breaks
Optimal
MEan-Std. Dev.
MAthematical Progressions
Quantile
Limiting Variables for dasymetric mapping have some sort of association or predictable relationship
True
False
Color scheme used to represent differences in the amount of the data being mapped
Diverging
Qualitative
Sequential
Binary
Which methods divides the range of the data into classes with consistently sized classes?
Quantile
Natural Breaks
Mean-Std. Dev.
Optimal
Mathematical Progressions
Equal Interval
In dasymetric mapping there are two types of ancillary data varaibles:
True
False
The term dasymetric mapping is russian
True
False
Which color scheme can be used for either qualitative or quantitative data?
Binary
Sequential
Qualitative
Diverging
Which color scheme is most usedful for making comparisons?
Qualitative
Sequential
Binary
Diverging
Which scheme seems to work best with normally distributed data?
Optimal
Equal Interval
Natural Breaks
MEan-Std. Dev.
MAthematical Progrssions
Quantile
Most important choices that you make when classifying data are which of the following?
Number of classes
Choice of classification method
Choice of color scheme
All of the above
Which method divides the data set into equal numbers of observations per class?
Equal Interval
Natural Breaks
Mean-Std. Dev
Optimal
Mathematical Progressions
Quantile
Which interpolation method is better when points do not contain peaks and valleys inherent in the surface
IDW
Kriging
Either
None
What method of chosing sample locations is useful when you want to ensure even coverage of and area, but would like to vary the sampling intensity?
Cluster
Random
Systematic
Stratified Systematic
Stochiastic, local interpolation techniques
Kriging
IDW
Natural Neighbor
Spline
Deterministic, nonlinear interpolation techniques
Kriging
IDW
Spline
Natural Neighbor
Which of the following is not a drawback of flannery scaling factor?
There is a large amount of variation in individual map users' abilities and not overlap
Those with a better estimation ability may be less able to estimate the value
The correction does not take into account map context
Circles must be clearly distinguishable from one another and not overlap
Nelson (2000) has found the following combinations to be seperable
Shape/Orientation
Shape/Hue
Shape/Size
Hue/Size
Value/Size
Hue/Orientation
Shape/Value
Multivariate map symbols, variable combinations that are difficult to separate are known as
Separable
Intergral
Coallated
Configurable
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