Pharmacology colloquim (6)
Select broad spectrum antibacterial agents:
Azithromycin
Vancomycin
Tobramycin
Rifampicin
Ciprofloxacin
Triple therapy for H. Pylori infection eradication:
Proton pump inhibitor, Clarithromycin, Cefazoline
Proton pump inhibitor, Clarithromycin, Gentamycin
Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, Metronidazole
Proton pump inhibitor, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin
Ciprofloxacin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin
Select antibacterial agent(s) to treat uncomplicated cystitis:
Nitrofurantoin
Vancomycin
Metronidazole
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
Rifampicin
Select true statements about 3rd generation of penicillins:
Narrow spectrum antibacterial agents
Treatment of Gr + and Gr- bacterial infections
Broad spectrum antibacterial agents
Possible side effects: QT prolongation, ototoxicity.
Possible side effects: anaphylaxis, urticaria.
Treatment of only Gr- bacterial infections
Select indications for therapy with Metronidazole:
Uncomplicated urethritis
Peritonitis
H.pylori infection
Cl. Dificille infection
Mycobacterial infection
Select antibacterial agents which inhibit bacterial ribosomal protein synthesis:
Nitroimidazoles
Penicillins
Macrolides
Aminoglycosides
Glycopeptides
Select true statements about Ciprofloxacin:
Narrow spectrum antibacterial agent
Possible side effect: QT prolongation
Bacteriostatic antibacterial agent
Contraindicated for children
2nd generation Fluoroquinolone
Select antibacterial agent(s) to treat respiratory tract infections:
Nitrofurantoin
Clarithromycin
Tobramycin
Ceftriaxone
Amoxicillin
Antibacterials affecting cell wall synthesis
Penicillins
Glycopeptides
Cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclins
Fluoroquinolones
Antibacterials affecting cell wall synthesis (peptidoglycan)
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclins
Fluoroquinolones
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Macrolides
Antibacterials affecting protein synthesis (30S inhibitors)
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclins
Fluoroquinolones
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Macrolides
Antibacterials affecting protein synthesis (50S inhibitors)
Aminoglycosides
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Macrolides
Antibacterials affecting nucleic acid synthesis
Aminoglycosides
Rifamycins
Fluoroquinolones
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Metronidazoles
Antibacterials affecting metabolic pathway (folate)
Sulfonamides
Rifamycins
Fluoroquinolones
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Trimethoprim
Antibacterials affecting membrane integrity
Sulfonamides
Rifamycins
Fluoroquinolones
Polymyxin B
Monobactams
Trimethoprim
Inhibition of topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV
Sulfonamides
Rifamycins
Fluoroquinolones
Polymyxin B
Monobactams
Trimethoprim
Inhibition of DNA as a result of the action of free radicals
Nitronidazoles
Rifamycins
Polymyxin B
Monobactams
Nitrofurans
Competitive antagonism with PABS and inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase
Trimethoprim
Monobactams
Fluoroquinolones
Sulphanilamides
Penicillins SE
hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, Quincke's edema, urticaria)
Hypersensitivity, «pseudochelithiasis» (C metabolism)
Hypersensitivity reaction - * "red man" syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
QT prolongation
Cephalosporines SE
hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, Quincke's edema, urticaria)
Hypersensitivity, «pseudochelithiasis» (C metabolism)
Hypersensitivity reaction - * "red man" syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
QT prolongation
Glycopeptides SE
hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, Quincke's edema, urticaria)
Hypersensitivity, «pseudochelithiasis» (C metabolism)
Hypersensitivity reaction - * "red man" syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
QT prolongation
Macrolides SE
hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, Quincke's edema, urticaria)
Hypersensitivity, «pseudochelithiasis» (C metabolism)
Hypersensitivity reaction - * "red man" syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
QT prolongation
Cephalosporin 1st generation
Cefazoline
Ceftriaxone
Narrow SpectrumAB
Broad Spectrum AB
Works against: bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, peritonitis, gonorrhea
Works for: prevention of surgical infections
Cephalosporin 3rd generation
Cefazoline
Ceftriaxone
Narrow SpectrumAB
Broad Spectrum AB
Works against: bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, peritonitis, gonorrhea
Works for: prevention of surgical infections
Macrolides:
Bacteriostatic effects
Narrow spectrum AB
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Vancomycin
Treatment of H. Pylori infection
Sulphanilamides and trimethoprim SE:
Hypersensitivity of varying intensity (rarely Stevens-Johnson syndrome), hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity (risk of crystalluria), photosensitivity, hyperkalaemia; T should be used with caution in patients with folate deficiency * fungal infection inAIDS patients who are resistant to classical antifungals
Neurological disorders, metallic taste, urine may turn reddish brown during M therapy
Functional abnormalities of GIT, urine may turn brown during N therapy
Hepatotoxicity, cholestatic jaundice, saliva, sputum, tears and urine may turn orange during R therapy
Nitroimidazoles SE:
Hypersensitivity of varying intensity (rarely Stevens-Johnson syndrome), hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity (risk of crystalluria), photosensitivity, hyperkalaemia; T should be used with caution in patients with folate deficiency * fungal infection inAIDS patients who are resistant to classical antifungals
Neurological disorders, metallic taste, urine may turn reddish brown during M therapy
Functional abnormalities of GIT, urine may turn brown during N therapy
Hepatotoxicity, cholestatic jaundice, saliva, sputum, tears and urine may turn orange during R therapy
Rifamycins SE:
Hypersensitivity of varying intensity (rarely Stevens-Johnson syndrome), hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity (risk of crystalluria), photosensitivity, hyperkalaemia; T should be used with caution in patients with folate deficiency * fungal infection inAIDS patients who are resistant to classical antifungals
Neurological disorders, metallic taste, urine may turn reddish brown during M therapy
Functional abnormalities of GIT, urine may turn brown during N therapy
Hepatotoxicity, cholestatic jaundice, saliva, sputum, tears and urine may turn orange during R therapy
Tetracyclines SE:
Pseudomembranous colitis
Neurological disorders, metallic taste, urine may turn reddish brown during M therapy
G ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade teratogenicity
damage to bone and tooth enamel, T forms chelates: Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +
Aminoglycosides SE:
Pseudomembranous colitis
Neurological disorders, metallic taste, urine may turn reddish brown during M therapy
G ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade teratogenicity
damage to bone and tooth enamel, T forms chelates: Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +
Lincosamides SE:
Pseudomembranous colitis
Neurological disorders, metallic taste, urine may turn reddish brown during M therapy
G ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade teratogenicity
damage to bone and tooth enamel, T forms chelates: Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Fe2 +
Choose chemotherapeutic agents with non-specific inhibition of cell life cycle phases:
Irinotecan
Paclitaxel
Doxorubicin
Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
Select chemotherapeutic agents with the most emetogenic action:
Doxorubicin
Cyclophosphamide
Metotrexate
Fluorouracil
Low molecular weight tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is used for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment is
Fludarabine
Pembrolizumab
Rituximab
Bevacizumab
Imatinib
BRAF mutations are most commonly associated with
Breast cancer
Melanoma
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Colorectal cancer
Prostate cancer
Active metabolites of this agent are alkylants that attach alkyl groups to DNA molecule.
Etoposide
Cyclophosphamide
Imatinib
Irinotecan
Vincristine
Select plant alkaloids - inhibitors of mitosis:
Doxorubicin
Methotrexate
Paclitaxel
Fluorouracil
Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide SE:
Nausea, vomiting - highly emetogenic drug Mesna – uroepithelial protector, reduces hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide metabolite (acrolein)
highly emetogenic drug, alopecia, cardiotoxicity
Stomatotoxicity, weak emetogenic drug
Myelosuppression
Fludarabine SE:
Nausea, vomiting - highly emetogenic drug Mesna – uroepithelial protector, reduces hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide metabolite (acrolein)
highly emetogenic drug, alopecia, cardiotoxicity
Stomatotoxicity, weak emetogenic drug
Myelosuppression
Doxorubicin indication
Breast cancer
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Autoimmune diseases, immunosuppression in transplantology
Colorectal cancer
Fluorouracil (5-FU) indication:
Breast cancer
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Autoimmune diseases, immunosuppression in transplantology
Colorectal cancer
Cyclophosphamide indication:
Breast cancer
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Autoimmune diseases, immunosuppression in transplantology
Colorectal cancer
Fludarabine indication:
Breast cancer
Myelosupression
Autoimmune diseases, immunosuppression in transplantology
Colorectal cancer
Etoposide indication:
Breast cancer
Myelosupression
Autoimmune diseases, immunosuppression in transplantology
Lung cancer, acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Irinotecan indication:
Breast cancer
Myelosupression
Colorectal cancer
Lung cancer, acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
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