Neuro Practice Quiz 2
Match the four major components of a neuron with the correct anatomical parts or parts of the cell
Integrative component
Axon terminal branches
Output component
Axon hillock
Input component
Axon
Conductive component
Dendride and soma
Match the four major components of a neuron with the correct primary functions
Integrative component
Action potential moves down the length of the axon
Output component
Release of neurotransmitters from vesicles
Conductive component
Dendrites bind with neurotransmitters here to produce an EPSP or IPSP
Input component
Where summation of EPSP and IPSP occurs to determine if action potential will occur
Select everything that is true about Myasthenia Gravis
An autoimmune disease
Caused by head trauma
Damages ACh receptors in muscle membranes
Affects presynaptic membrane
Causes droopy eyelids
Affects sensation
Occurs at neuromuscular junction
Causes blurred vision
At which component are EPSPs and IPSPs produced
Input
Output
Integrative
Conductive
EPSP _______ the membrane and makes the cell more _______.
Depolarizes, negative
Depolarizes, positive
Polarizes, negative
Polarizes, positive
IPSP makes postsynaptic potential _______ likely to fire.
More
Less
Put the steps of neurotransmitter release in the proper order.
Action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal
Presynaptic membrane depolarizes and open Ca2+ channels
Ca2+ binds to docking proteins that connect to vesicles
Docking proteins change form and cause the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the membrane
Neurotransmitters are released
Neurotransmitters diffuse through synaptic cleft and contact receptors on postsynaptic membrane
Receptors change shape to open ion channels or activate intracellular messengers
Guillan Barre Syndrome is where ________ are destroyed in the PNS and affects the ______ component.
Oligodendrocytes, integrative
Schwann Cells, integrative
Oligodendrocytes, conductive
Schwann Cells, conductive
Multiple sclerosis differs from Guillan Barre Syndrome because the damage is located in the ______ and has _________.
PNS, cognitive impact
PNS, motor impact only
CNS, cognitive impact
CNS, motor impact only
Thicker myelin sheaths result in
Faster conduction and higher chance of AP
Slower conduction and higher chance of AP
Faster conduction and lower chance of AP
Slower conduction and lower chance of AP
Multiple inputs from a variety of cells terminating on a single neuron is
Stroke
Seizure
Convergence
Divergence
During the absolute refractory period of an action potential (select all that apply)
Receptors are receiving information
The membrane is hyperpolarized
The cell is quickly processing chemical messages
The Na+ is inactive
The cell cannot be stimulated
What causes the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential?
Potassium channels are open and too much leaves the cell.
All sodium channels open at the axon hillock
Summation of potentials reaches -55mV
Sodium pump inactivates
When depolarization of a membrane leads to an AP the cell is deemed
Glial
Overused
Inhibitory
Excitable
Attempting to stimulate a patients leg muscle by stretching and quickly tapping it at the same time is an example of ___________.
Temporal Summation
Spatial Summation
Depolarization means the potential has become
More negative than resting potential
More positive than resting potential
True or False: A depolarized cell is more likely to reach action potential.
True
False
The sodium-potassium pump (select all that apply)
Moves ions across the membrane against the electrochemical gradient
Requires ATP to function
Requires cortisol to function
Brings 2 potassium ions in and takes 3 sodium ions out
True or False: Ions move from low to high across the concentration gradient.
True
False
The intracellular value during resting potential is
90mV
0mV
-55mV
-70mV
Label the synapse
1
Vesicles
5
Presynaptic Membrane
4
Postsynaptic membrane
3
Synaptic cleft
2
Neurotransmitters
Select all that is true about the preembryonic stage
Conception to 2 weeks
Weeks 2-8
Organs begin forming
Blastocyst implants in uterus
Embryonic disk develops forming endoderm and ectoderm
Myelination begins
In what stage of development does the neural tube formation begin?
Preembryonic
Embryonic
Fetal Stage
Infantry
The neural plate is the beginning of the __________
Cerebellum
Nervous system
Brain stem
Occipital lobe
Brain formation begins on what day?
18
26
28
30
Myelination begins in what stage of development?
Preembryonic
Embryonic
Fetal
Infantry
The superior and inferior neuropores of the neural tube close on what days?
Superior 18, Inferior 21
Superior 27, Inferior 30
Inferior 18, Superior 21
Inferior 27, Superior 30
Match the parts of the somite with what they become.
Dermatome (lateral part)
Skeletal muscle
Myotome (posteromedial part)
Dermis
Sclerotome (anteromedial part)
Vertebrae and skull
True or False: The adult spinal cord ends at the L1/L2 vertebral level because the spinal column grows faster than the spinal cord.
True
False
In typical development, the hindbrain develops into (select all that apply)
Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Telencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres
The anterior forebrain becomes the telencephalon and then the cerebral hemispheres.
True
False
The diencephalon comes from the posterior forebrain.
True
False
When does myelination begin and end?
4th fetal month - End of year 3
4th fetal month - End of month 3
3rd fetal month - End of year 3
3rd fetal month - End of month 3
The growing into deficit explains that neural damage that occurs in utero may not be evident until
Birth
When the child is one year old
Early childhood
Whenever the damaged system would normally become functional
Neurons that did not form optimal connections with targets or are inactive dying off is defined as
Weeding
Disease
Plasticity
Pruning
Match each description with the correct neural tube deficit or diagnosis
Tethered spinal cord
Developmental deformity of the hindbrain
Spina bifida
Smooth brain caused by improper neuronal migration during fetal development
Lissencephaly
Dermatomal and myotomal deficits in lower limbs along with bowel and bladder dysfunction due to the spinal cord adhering to lower vertabra
Anencephaly
Inferior neuropore fails to close due to folic acid deficits
Arnold-Chiari Malformations
Where the cranial end of the neural tube remains open, the forebrain doesn't develop, and the skull doesn't form over the incomplete brain leaving brainstem and meninges exposed
Select all of the following that are potential effects of alcohol use in pregnancy
Small head
Thin upper lip
Indistinct philtrum
Cognitive issues
Behavioral challenges
Movement problems
If the cerebrum and medulla herniate through foramen magnum causing symptoms at birth, what is present?
Type 1 Arnold-Chiari
Type 2 Arnold-Chiari
Small head, seizures, profound intellectual disabilities, feeding difficulties, impaired motor abilities, and growth retardation are all symptoms of what?
Anencephaly
Lissencephaly
Spina bifida
Tethered spinal cord
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