Histology 1C
Exploring Histology: Cartilage and Bone
Test your knowledge on the intricate structures and fun
Whether you're a student or a professional, this quiz covers:
- Cartilage types and characteristics
- Bone formation and remodeling processes
- Key cell types involved in bone and cartilage physiology
- Understanding of extracellular matrix components
Cartilage:
Derived from mesenchyme
Isogenous groups and territorial matrix forms chondrons
The matrix of hyaline cartilage contains mainly collagen II
Is devoid of GAG
Only fibrocartilage possesses perichondrium
Secondary bone tissue:
Is referred to as the mature bone tissue
Contains irregularly arragements of collagen fibers
Compact bones contain osteons
Are devoid of BV
Contains large amounts of nerves
What is the first step during long bone ossification?
Formation of primary ossification center in epiphysis
Formation of hollow bone collar that surrounds the middle portion of the cartilage model
Formation of secondary ossification center in diaphysis
Cartilage degradation
Growth for the length of the epiphyseal plate
What is correct regarding cartilage?
In hyaline cartilage water constitutes up to 60-80% of the weight in fresh tissue
In elastic cartilage water constitutes up to 80% of the weight in fresh tissue
Is well vascularized
The diffusion process across the ECM become more efficent because of compression and decompression of hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage forms the temporal skeleton
Ventral ends of ribs are formed by hyaline cartilage
Epiphyseal plates are the hyaline cartilage structures needed for long bones growth
Insulin-like factor 1 directly stimulate chondrocytes proliferation
What is correct regarding cartilage?
Chondrogenic progenitor cells are stem cells for chondroblasts
Elastic cartilage forms the ebryo skeleton
Chondrocytes form isogenous groups
Has extensive ECM
Can be found in the insertion of some tendons
Is an immature type of bone
Has a high content of mineral
Is a mature type of bone
What is true regarding osteoclasts?
Its projections form ruffled borders
Pumping protons into resorption cavity of bone
Possess receptor for parathormone
To its differentiation RANKL is needed
Produces M-SCF
Produces cathepsin K
Can also be named giant multinucleated cells
Arises from monocytes
What is true regarding osteoclasts?
Posesses receptors for calcitonin
Is anchoring to bone matrix by Sharpey fibers
Are located in Howships lacunae
Sharpay fibers increase the area of plasma membrane with ion pumps of osteoclasts
The precursor of osteoclasts are monocytes
Osteoclasts posesses receptors for calcitonin
Osteoclasts possesses receptors for PTH
Osteoclasts differentiate from osteoprogenitor cells
Which sentence is correct?
Osteoclast possesses receptors for calcitonin
Osteoclasts possesses receptors for PTH
The precursors for osteoclasts are monocytes
Haversian canals are located in the periphery of the osteon
Outer fibrous layer of perichondrium contains chondrogenic cells
Perichondrium contains only type IV collagen fibers
What is correct regarding perichondrium?
Is responsible for interstitial growth of cartilage
Acts proctective for cartilage
Is formed by collagen type I
Is responsible for appositional growth of cartilage
Is rich in reticular fibers
Elvelopes each isogenous group as territorial matrix
What is correct regarding perichondrium?
Protects aricular surface for damage
Acts as a reservoir of chondroprogenitor cells
Contains blood vessels
Is not present in external auditory canal
Is one of the kinds of cartilage
Is formed by collagen type II
What is correct regarding bones?
Epiphysis of long bone is nourished from synovial fluid
Its osteoblasts are polarized cells
Its osteoblasts produce osteocalcin
Contains osteocytes that liberate osteoclasts activating proteins
Needs osteocalcin for calcification of bone matrix
Its osteocytes have many cytoplasmic processes that are so-called ruffled borders
Contains osteoblasts that help regulate bone remodeling
Its ECM is highly mineralized
What is correct regarding bones?
Osteoclast differentiate from osteoprogenitor cells
Its metabolism is under hormonal control
Contains osteoblast the control metabolism of osteoclast
Sclerotin is a protein produced by osteocytes
Periosteum and endosteum contains bone-forming cells
Ruffled border of osteoclast is situated at the resorption cavity of the bone
The osteocytes functions is maintaining bone physiology
Periosteum is similarly built as endosteum
What is a Volkmann canal?
Channels that assist with blood and nerve supply from the periosteum to the haversian canal
Found inside osteons
Provide energy and nourishing elemets for osteons
Connects two haversian canals
What is correct about woven bone?
Is a mature kind of bone
Has low content of mineral
Can be found in the insertion of some tendons
In adults is present in place of fracture repair
Possesses lamellae
Physiologically can be found in compact mature bone
What is correct about woven bone?
Immature bone
Has random disposition of type I collagen
Can be found in the bone collar
Is present in dental alveoli
The collagen fibers are regularly arranged
Can be found in compact adult bone
Osteogenesis:
Is the periosteum development process
Could happen thanks to endochondrial ossification
During intramembranous ossification the epiphyseal cartilages are formed
Is the bone development process
Secondary ossification center occurs within epiphysis
It could be said that the bony collar formation is a kind of intramembranous ossification
During endochondral ossification the epiphyseal cartilages are formed
Epiphyseal cartilage is composed of three zones
Osteogenesis:
The first step of intramembranous ossification is the bony collar formation
Could happen thanks to intramembranous ossification
Primary ossification center occurs within diaphysis
Is a cartilage development process
Epiphyseal cartilage is composed of five zones
Epiphyseal cartilage occurs in endochondral ossification
Epiphyseal cartilage occurs in intramembranous ossification
Bone marrow:
The red bone marrow is also called the hematogenous bone marrow
The stroma is composed of reticular tissue
The main function is production of blood cells
Red bone marrow contains high amounts of lipid droplets
Stromal part of bone marrow includes:
Adipocytes
Macrophages
Reticulocytes
Osteoblasts
Reticular fibers
Hematopoietic cells
Stem cells
Reticulum cells
Endothelial cells
Fibroblasts
Endochondral ossification:
Is the first step of the formation of the bone collar
The primary ossification center occurs within the diaphysis
Formation of long bones
Occurs on the ground of cartilaginous model of the bone
The blood vessels are necessary as a source of progenitor cells
The bone collar of diaphysis is produced by this kind of ossification
Intramembranous ossification:
Takes place within condensation of mesenchymal tissue
Is a source of most of the flat bones
The process begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts
Frontal bones of the skull and maxilla are formed by intramembranous ossification
Bone:
Sclerotin is the protein produced by osteocytes
ECM is highly mineralized
Periosteum and endosteum contains bone forming cells
Ruffled border of osteoclast is situated at the resorption cavity of the bone
Osteoblast control metabolism of osteoclast
The osteocytes function is maintaining bone physiology
Numerous cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes creates the so-called ruffled border
Osteocalcin is needed for calcification of the bone matrix
GAG-characteristic for cartilage:
Chondroitin 4 and 6-sulfate
Keratin-sulfate
Hyaluronic acid
Heparin
Chondronectin
Osteonectin
Keratan sulfate
Dermatan sulfate
Osteoclast:
Arises from monocytes
Produces cathepsin K
To its differentiation RANKL is needed
Are located in Howships lacunae
Sharpey fibers increase the area of plasma membrane with ion pumps of osteoclasts
Pumping protons into resorption cavity of bone
Woven bone:
Can be found in insertions of some tendons
Has random disposition of type I collagen fibers
Can be found in the bone collar
In adult is present in place of fracture repair
Is a mature type of bone
Can be found in compact mature bone
Has low content of mineral
Has high content of mineral
What is true about cartilage and bone?
Deficiency of Ca and vitamin D negatively influence normal calcification process
Active osteoblasts produce osteoid
Cartilage matrix does not contain water
Osteoclasts posses receptors for PTH
Osteoblasts posses receptors for PTH
The precursors of osteoclasts are monocytes
Haversian canals are located centrally in the osteon
Hyaline cartilage:
Is located in the larynx
Is located in the earlobe
Cells form isogenous groups
Chondrocytes are located in lacunae
Collagen type II are specific for hyaline cartilage
Is covered by perichondrium
Perichondrium is composed of two layers
Chondroblasts are located in the intraterritorial matrix
Correct about bones:
Is highly vascularized mineralized CT
Ground substance is composed of proteoglycans and glycoproteins
ECM comprise mostly collagen I
Has mesenchymal origin
Secondary bone matrix is calcified
Lacunae contains osteocytes
Endochondral ossification:
Is the first step in the formation of the bone collar
The primary ossification center occurs within the epiphysis
The blood vessels are necessary as a source of osteoprogenitor cells
Frontal bones and maxilla are formed by endochondral ossification
Cartilage:
Derived from mesenchyme
Hyaline cartilage growth depends on somatropin
Isogenous groups and territorial matrix form chondrons
Chondrocytes are located in lacunae
Is devoid of GAG
Correct statement concerning cartilage:
Cartilage matrix is highly hydrated
Hyaline cartilage matrix consists of collagen type II
The inner layer of perichondrium is chondrogenic
What is correct regarding osteogenesis?
Is the bone development
Epiphyseal cartilage occurs in intramembranous ossification
Epiphyseal cartilage occurs in endochondral ossification
Epiphyseal cartilage is composed of five zones
Secondary ossification center occurs within diaphysis
It could be said that the bony collar formation is kind of intramembranous ossification
Could happen thanks to endochondral ossification
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