EMBRYO MIDTERM
Embryo Development Knowledge Quiz
Test your understanding of embryonic development and its associated biological concepts with our engaging quiz! This quiz covers various topics such as cellular components, tissue layers, and developmental abnormalities.
- Multiple choice questions
- Learn as you go
- Ideal for students and professionals in the medical field
Mitochondria produce which chemical for intracellular energy?
ADP
ATP
RNA
DNA
Each tissue originates from mesoderm, EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Bone
Liver
Blood
Muscle
Which cellular component facilitates protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Plasmalemma
The _______ provides an ideal environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo
Ovary
Uterine tube
Myometrium
Endometrium
Developmental abnormalities are NOT associated with which number of chromosomes?
44
45
46
47
T cells, B cells, NK cells, and macrophages are produced in the _________.
Spleen
Cerebellum
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
______ are white blood cells that defend the body against bacteria. ______ are suspended in plasma and help in clot formation. ______ are red blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs.
Platelets, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes
Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets
Leukocytes, Platelets, Erythrocytes
Leukocytes, Erythrocytes, Platelets
Each of the following is a derivative of ectoderm EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Tooth enamel
Tooth dentin
Epidermis
Nervous system
What are the three layers of the embryonic disk?
Lateral, central, and medial
Extradermal, mesodermal and intradermal
Endodermal, ectodermal, and mesodermal
Ectodermal, neucleodermal, and ectodermal
Appositional growth is from deep within the tissue by mitosis of each chondrocyte. Interstitial growth is layered growth on the external surface of cartilage.
Both statements are True
Both statements are False
The first statement is true, and the second statement is false
The first statement is false, and the second statement is true
_________ facilitate breakdown of intracellular and extracellular substances.
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Tissues are most susceptible to teratogens during the proliferative period.
True
False
Which cell supports the nervous system?
Myoblast
Neuroglia
Leukocyte
Melanocyte
Connective tissue proper is classified as ______________
Dense, striated, or smooth
Simple, stratified, or squamousdense
Dense, loose, or loose with special properties
Dense, elastic, or elastic with special properties
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth
Striated, voluntary, and smooth
Cardiac, skeletal, and voluntary
Voluntary, involuntary, and striated
The stomodeum (mouth) first appears in the ____ week of prenatal development.
Second
Fourth
Sixth
Eighth
Which term represents a single layer of cells?
Simple
Stratified
Cuboidal
Columnar
Which epithelium consists of several layers, with only the basal cell layer in contact with the basal lamina?
Simple
Stratified
Nonkeratinize
Pseudostratified
The information in mRNA is translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
True
False
The junctional epithelium of gingiva is replenished every _____ days.
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 to 9
10 to 13
Buccal mucosa renews itself in ____ days.
1 to 2
3 to 4
5 to 9
10 to 14
All body sensations of the CNS are relayed to the ______ and the _______
Brain; spinal cord
Afferent; efferent systems
Voluntary; involuntary muscles
Sympathetic; parasympathetic divisions
Impulses conducted from the periphery of the body (e.g., muscles, glands) to the central nervous system (CNS) are conducted through which system?
Motor
Somatic
Afferent
Autonomic
Impulses pass from the CNS to involuntary muscles via the _____ system.
Sensory
Afferent
Somatic
Autonomic
Cartilage does NOT have any nerve or blood supply and because of this it takes longer to heal than bone.
Both the statement and the reason are correct.
Both the statement and the reason are not correct.
The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
The absorption of most nutrients occurs in which location?
Mouth
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Each is part of a neuron EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION?
Axon
Plasma
Dendrite
Perikaryon (cell body)
Which of the following insulates axons located outside the CNS?
Bone
Endomysium
Myelin sheath
Connective tissue
Ligaments and tendons are composed of which tissue?
Neural
Muscle
Epithelial
Connective
Which of the following is NOT a type of cartilage?
Dense
Elastic
Fibrous
Hyaline
Which organ is part of the lymphatic system?
Thyroid
Thymus
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Which organ system is the largest?
Digestive
Endocrine
Respiratory
Skin system
When sutures fuse AFTER puberty it is called:
Synotosis
Synchondrosis
Articulating
In the first 20 weeks, the prenatal mandible articulates with which bone(s)?
Incus
Malleus
Stapes
Incus and Malleus
Which of the following arises from the FIRST pharyngeal arch?
Inferior hyoid
Laryngeal cartilages
Muscles of mastication
Muscles of facial expression
Which of the following is NOT a muscle of mastication?
Masseter
Temporalis
Orbicularis oculi
Lateral pterygoid
The face develops in the ____________ prenatal weeks.
First to third
Fourth to seventh
Eighth to eleventh
Twelfth to fourteenth
The Pharyngeal Arch #2 forms the _________.
Mandible
Hyoid bone
Neck development
Trigeminal nerve
The primitive mouth is known as the _________.
Basion
Sella turcica
Stomodeum
Tympanic membrane
The ____ arch vessels become the pulmonary artery
First
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Meckel's cartilage provides structure for the developing _______.
Maxilla
Mandible
Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone
Blood vessels in the THIRD pharyngeal arch form the __________.
Dorsal aorta
Common carotid arteries
Pulmonary blood vessels
Dorsal aorta, common carotid arteries, and pulmonary blood vessels
In neural development, which arch gives rise to the glossopharyngeal or 9th cranial nerve that supplies taste?
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Which pharyngeal groove gives rise to the pouch that will become the external and middle ear?
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
The heart begins beating at the end of which week?
Second
Fourth
Sixth
Eighth
How does epithelial tissue renew itself?
By shedding or sloughing the surface cells
Mitosis of the basal cells
Mitosis of the granular layer of cells
Through nourishment of nearby blood vessels
Facial (smile) muscles develop from the second pharyngeal arch.
True
False
Which muscle grows around the oral pit in the sixth prenatal week?
Buccinator
Mylohyoid
Orbicularis ori
Zygomatic major
A combination of genetic and _____ factors are associated with palatal and facial clefts.
Social
Behavioral
Age-related
Environmental
The thyroid gland descends to the front of the trachea, attached to the tongue by the thyroglossal ________.
Duct
Cyst
Fistula
Swelling
What layer of ectodermal cells gives rise to teeth #A-T?
Successional lamina
Dental lamina
General lamina
Lamina dura
A swelling that opens on the surface of the neck is called a thyroglossal _________.
Cyst
Duct
Gland
Fistula
A cleft may occur in the _______.
Lip
Palate
Mandible
Lip, palate, and mandible
Palatal development occurs during the __________ weeks of gestation.
1-3
4-6
7-9
10-12
Auricular hillocks develop near which location?
External ear canal
Tuberculum impar
Medial nasal process
Oronasal optic groove
The oral and nasal cavities are separated by the:
Alveolar bone
Anterior nasal spine
Palate
Nasal septum
The base of the tongue develops from the:
First and second pharyngeal arch
Second and third pharyngeal arch
First and third pharyngeal arch
What is the origin of the body of the tongue?
Thyroid swellings
Palatine and pharyngeal tonsils
Second branchial arch
Tuberculum impar and lateral lingual swellings
Cleft lip develops in 1 in ____ births and cleft palate develops in 1 in _____ births
500, 1000
600, 2000
800, 2500
1000, 2500
Cleft palate is the most common facial malformation.
True
False
Which tissue does NOT support the dentition?
Enamel
Cementum
Alveolar bone
Periodontal ligament
The stages of tooth development occur in which order?
Bud, cap, bell
Bell, bud, cap
Cap, bell, bud
Bell, cap, bud
________ operates as a blueprint or pattern to guide root formation
Predentin
The primary cuticle
Reduced enamel epithelium
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Predentin calcifies to form dentin within ____ hours
12
24
48
72
The order of process is:
Bud, bell, cap, amelogenesis, dentinogenesis, crown formation, root formation and eruption
Bud, cap, bell, dentinogenesis, amelogenesis, root formation, crown formation, and eruption
Bud, cap, bell, dentinogenesis, amelogenesis, crown formation, root formation and eruption
Bud, cap, bell, amelogenesis, dentinogenesis, crown formation, root formation and eruption
What is shaped like a 'picket-fence' that secretes the enamel matrix?
DEJ
Terminal bar apparatus
Tomes' process
Enamelin
Which permanent tooth forms FROM the general lamina?
Molar
Incisor
Canine
Premolar
The dental sac or follicle is connective tissue that becomes:
Cementum, dentin, and enamel
PDL, cementum and alveolar bone
Dentin and alveolar bone
Enamel, PDL and dentin
After the tooth is formed, the dental papilla becomes:
The dental pulp
The dental sac
The bone
The enamel organ
Which type of bone forms between the roots of multirooted teeth?
Alveolar bone proper
Lamina dura
Haverisan bone
Interradicula
The periodontal ligament attaches which two surfaces?
Alveolar bone and cementum
Alveolar bone and enamel
Cementum and attached gingiva
Cementum and free gingiva
The successional lamina gives rise to the development of primary teeth.
True
False
The junction between enamel and dentin is __________.
Flat
Scalloped
The mixed dentition phase occurs from approximately _____ years of age.
Birth to 2
3 to 6
6 to 12
13 to 18
Which of the following defines the functional eruption phase?
The first phase of tooth eruption, which includes eruptive movements during crown formation
The final stage, which includes occlusion and possible wear of the enamel
The process of initiation of root development into the oral cavity
The final stage, in which the teeth require adjustments relative to the bony crypt
The permanent teeth that replace the primary teeth are called ______.
Supportive
Accessional
Overlapping
Successional
Mineralization of enamel and dentin first occurs at the
Apex
CEJ
Cusp tips
Terminal bar apparatus is where the cell body of the ameloblast and tomes' processes come together through a series of desmosomes.
True
False
Fusion of the reduced enamel epithelium with the oral epithelium forms the______ near the CEJ.
Periodontal ligament
Junctional epithelium
Trabeculae
Fundic
Which of the following best defines incremental lines?
Ridges visible on the surface of enamel
Termination of dentinal tubules in enamel
Alternating dark and light bands of enamel rod groups
Lines that result from the rhythmic recurrent deposition of enamel
Which of the following best defines perikymata?
The minute natural space between enamel rods
Alternating dark and light bands of enamel rod groups.
Growth lines visible as ridges on the cervical part of the facial surface of the crown.
Extensions of dentinal tubules
Enamel is composed of ______ hydroxyapatite.
26%
53%
90%
96%
Which of the following best defines the neonatal line?
The most notable line of Retzius, possibly due to changes in environment.
A defect caused by the misdirection of enamel rods.
Light and dark enamel rod groups, made visible with light.
A series of dark growth rings noticeable in the cross section of enamel.
Lamellae are cracks in the surface of enamel and are visible to the naked eye.
True
False
The protein throughout the crystals that aids in permeability and is like keratin is ______.
Fibroblasts
Enamelin
Periodontal fibers
Ameloblasts
The region where gnarled enamel is found to the greatest extent is:
On the perikymata
On the anterior teeth
CEJ
Under the cusp tips
Enamel rods form from 4 ameloblasts, __ in the head, ___ in the neck and ___ in the tail.
1, 1, 2
1, 2, 1
2, 1, 1
Maxillary 2nd and 3rd molars develop in the Maxillary tuberosity with the occlusal surface directed towards the ________and ________. Mandibular 2nd and 3rd molars develop in the ramus with the occlusal surface directed towards the _________.
Lingual and mesial; distal
Buccal and distal; mesial
Buccal and mesial; distal
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding primary and permanent teeth?
The enamel is more pigmented in primary teeth
Enamel is thinner in primary teeth
Primary teeth have smaller pulps
The dentin in primary teeth is harder
Which function is associated with the skin?
Supplies a framework for muscle and ligament attachments
Absorbs nutrients from ingested food
Relays information from the glands to the central nervous system
Excretes waste products
What are the alternating light and dark enamel rod groups made visible with light that extend perpendicular from the DEJ towards the tooth surface?
Lines of Retzius
Perikymata
Hunter-Schreger Bands
Incremental lines
Which type of tissue lines the respiratory tract to move foreign particles out of the respiratory system?
Neuroglia
Dendrites
Sebaceous glands
Cilia
What part of the enamel rod has the most organic material?
Core
Sheath
Neck
Head
_______are extensions of dentinal tubules into the enamel that contain a living process of the odontoblast.
Enamel Spindles
Enamel Tufts
Enamel lamellae
Perikymata
The second pharyngeal arch is also known as the __________ arch.
Superior
Inferior
Mandibular
Hyoid
Enamel crystals are ____ larger than dentin
10%
20%
30%
40%
This is filled with enamelin protein, looks like small branches attached to the DEJ and extend outward in the enamel.
Enamel Lamellae
Enamel Tufts
Enamel Spindles
Micro-lamellae
Primary teeth begin development at birth.
True
False
Humans are considered diphyodonts because of the following:
Humans possess 3 sets of teeth
Humans do not get a second set of teeth
Humans exfoliate 2 sets of teeth before their permanent dentition erupts
Humans have 2 sets of teeth; primary and permanent
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized as the initial stage
S phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
Prophase
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