Neuro Wk 9
Match the UMN & LMN cell bodies and axons with where they are located.
UMN Axons
Form the ventral root for the nerve at the specific segment
LMN Cell Body
Above the ventral/anterior horn in spinal cord
LMN Axons
Ventral horn of all spinal segments and motor nuclei in the brainstem
UMN Cell Body
White matter tracts in the cortex
Denervation of muscles, hyporeflexia, paresis/paralysis, atrophy, loss of muscle tone, and fibrillations are symptoms of what?
UMN lesions
LMN lesions
Match the following terms with their correct definition.
Hypotonia
Abnormally low tone
Flaccidity
Hypertonia independent from velocity
Spasticity
Abnormally high resistance that is velocity dependent
Rigidity
Abnormally high resistance
Hypertonia
Complete lack of resistance
Match the medial motor tract to its function
Medial + lateral vestibulospinal tracts
Receive info about head movement/position from vestibular apparatus and responds to gravity info from vestibular apparatus
Reticulospinal tract
Facilitates LMNs innervation postural and gross limb movement muscles throughout the body
Medial corticospinal tract
Direct connection from cerebral cortex to spinal cord (neck, shoulder, trunk mm.)
Describe the order of the corticospinal pathway starting with where the first order neuron originates.
Internal capsule
Cerebral peduncles (midbrain)
Anterior pons
Pyramids (medulla)
Pyramidal deccusation occurs for about 88% of axons
Synapse with lower motor neurons in spinal cord
LMN travel to muscles of the limbs
If there were a lesion at the X, what would be affected?
Left upper limb
Right upper limb
Left upper and lower limb
Right upper and lower limb
Match the following terms with the correct definition
Tetraplegia
Weakness on one side of the body
Hemiplegia
Affects the body below the arms
Paraplegia
Occurs in UMN lesions as a consequence of inadequate facilitation of LMNs
Paralysis
Affects all four limbs
Paresis
Occurs in muscles innervated by LMNs below the level of a complete spinal cord lesion
Bilateral destruction of UMNs and LMNs is the definition of what disease?
Multiple Sclerosis
Babinskis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Postpolio Syndrome
Muscle weakness, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and breathing problems are all signs of what?
Multiple Sclerosis
Babinskis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Postpolio Syndrome
Select all symptoms that can be seen in ALS.
Paresis
Babinski's Sign
Hyperreflexia
Hyporeflexia
Spasticity
Atrophy
Fibrillations
Fasiculations
Match the definitions.
Ganglion
A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) in the CNS
Tract
Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS
Nerve
A bundle of nerve fibers (axons) in the PNS
How many spinal nerve pairs make up the nervous system?
12
24
31
36
Select all of the primary functions of the peripheral nervous system.
Connect CNS to organs, limbs, and skin
Carry sensory and motor information to/from the CNS
Allow the brain and SC to send or receive information
Regulate involuntary body functions
Spinal nerves are mixed nerves.
True
False
What most accurately describes sensory neurons?
Afferent fibers with long dendrites that transmit information to the cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
Efferent fibers with long axons that transmit information in the ventral horn
Afferent fibers with long axons that transmit information to cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion
Efferent fibers with long dendrites that transmit information in the ventral horn
Dermatome involvement indicates what?
A peripheral nerve is damaged
A spinal nerve root is damaged
A group of muscles has become denervated
Mechanoreceptors, thermoception, proprioceptors, nociception are all somatosensory receptors.
True
False
Match the somatosensory receptor with its function.
Thermoceptors
Temperature
Nociceptors
Position and movement
Proprioceptors
Pain
Mechanoreceptors
Touch
Match each type of mechanoreceptor to its primary function.
Merkel Cells/Discs
Sensitive to skin stretch; contributes to kinesthetic sense and control of finger position and movement
Ruffini Ending
Light touch and pressure
Meissner's Corpuscle
Light touch
Pacinian Corpuscle
Gross pressure and vibration
Fast-adapting receptors continue responding to constant stimulus; detects size and shape of objects.
True
False
A receptive field is an area where sensory stimuli can modulate firing of sensory neurons.
True
False
How does receptive field relate to mechanoreceptors?
If the RF is smaller, there is higher resolution or more precise information for receptors.
If the RF is larger, there is higher resolution or more precise information for receptors.
There is no relation.
Meissners Corpuscle and Merkel's Discs use smaller RFs than Pacinian Corpuscles and Ruffinis ending.
True
False
Somatosensory system pathways are always what?
Single order neuron pathways
Two order neuron pathways
Three order neuron pathways
Four order neuron pathways
Match the order of neuron to its general start and end point for somatosensory systems.
2nd order neuron
Brainstem or spinal cord to thalamus
3rd order neuron
Thalamus to somatosensory cortex
1st order neuron
Receptor in PNS to CNS
Two-point discrimination, graphaesthesia, and stereognosis are carried out by which pathway?
Anterolateral spinothalamic tract pathway
Dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway
Corticospinal tract
The anterolateral spinothalamic tract pathway is responsible for what?
Sharp pain and temperature
Proprioception
Fine touch
Motor control
The image describes which pathway?
Somatosensory tract
Medial lemniscus pathway
Lateral corticospinal tract
Spinothalamic tract
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