Metabolic Portfolio
What is the hormone/s produced by the pancreas that regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin
Cortisol
Glucagon
Estrogen
Glycogen
What is the hormone/s produced by the pancreas that regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin
Cortisol
Glucagon
Estrogen
Glycogen
What is insulin resistance?
The inability of the pancreas to produce insulin
A condition in which the body’s cells can not respond to the effects of insulin
A type of diabetes that affects children and young adults
A condition in which the body produces too much insulin
What is insulin resistance?
The inability of the pancreas to produce insulin
A condition in which the body’s cells can not respond to the effects of insulin
A type of diabetes that affects children and young adults
A condition in which the body produces too much insulin
Which of the following can contribute to insulin resistance?
A diet high in fruits and vegetables
Regular exercise
Chronic stress
A diet low in saturated fat
Which of the following can contribute to insulin resistance?
A diet high in fruits and vegetables
Regular exercise
Chronic stress
A diet low in saturated fat
What is the primary treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?
A low-carbohydrate die
Insulin injections
Medications that increase insulin sensitivity
Weight loss and lifestyle changes
What is the primary treatment for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?
A low-carbohydrate die
Insulin injections
Medications that increase insulin sensitivity
Weight loss and lifestyle changes
What is the effect of hyper insulinemia on Adiponectin hormone?
Increase Adiponectin hormone level and increase Free fatty acid oxidation
Decrease Adiponectin hormone level and increase Free fatty acid oxidation
Decrease Adiponectin hormone level and decrease Free fatty acid oxidation
Increase Adiponectin hormone level and decrease Free fatty acid oxidation
What is the effect of hyper insulinemia on Adiponectin hormone?
Increase Adiponectin hormone level and increase Free fatty acid oxidation
Decrease Adiponectin hormone level and increase Free fatty acid oxidation
Decrease Adiponectin hormone level and decrease Free fatty acid oxidation
Increase Adiponectin hormone level and decrease Free fatty acid oxidation
What is the recommended HbA1c level for individuals with type 2 diabetes?
Below 6%
Between 6-7%
Between 7-8%
Above 8%
What is the recommended HbA1c level for individuals with type 2 diabetes?
Below 6%
Between 6-7%
Between 7-8%
Above 8%
Which of the following factors can contribute to insulin resistance?
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Poor diet
Fatty liver Disease
All of the above
Which of the following factors can contribute to insulin resistance?
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Poor diet
Fatty liver Disease
All of the above
What is the most risky Fat which can contribute to insulin resistance?
Adipose Fat
Hepatocytes Fat
Glycogen
Ectopic fat
Subcutaneous fat
What is the most risky Fat which can contribute to insulin resistance?
Adipose Fat
Hepatocytes Fat
Glycogen
Ectopic fat
Subcutaneous fat
What is the mechanism of action of pioglitazone in insulin resistance?
It stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.
It inhibits hepatic glucose production.
It enhances insulin sensitivity in target tissues.
It increases glucose uptake in muscle cells.
What is the mechanism of action of pioglitazone in insulin resistance?
It stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.
It inhibits hepatic glucose production.
It enhances insulin sensitivity in target tissues.
It increases glucose uptake in muscle cells.
Which of the following is a common side effect of pioglitazone use?
Hypoglycemia
Peripheral edema
Hyperglycemia
Hyperinsulinemia
Which of the following is a common side effect of pioglitazone use?
Hypoglycemia
Peripheral edema
Hyperglycemia
Hyperinsulinemia
Which of the following is a potential benefit of pioglitazone use in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Reduced risk of cardiovascular events
Increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
Increased risk of liver dysfun
Improved Nash
Which of the following is a potential benefit of pioglitazone use in patients with type 2 diabetes?
Reduced risk of cardiovascular events
Increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
Increased risk of liver dysfunction
Improved Nash
According to ADA 2023, what in the First & Second line therapy for ASCVD & type 2 diabetes patient with high risk?
1st: Metformin - 2nd: SGLT2
1st: SGLT2 OR GLP1 - 2nd: SGLT2 / GLP1 / Pioglitazone
1st: Metformin - 2nd: Pioglitazone
1st: SGLT2 - 2nd: DPP4I
According to ADA 2023, what in the First & Second line therapy for ASCVD & type 2 diabetes patient with high risk?
1st: Metformin - 2nd: SGLT2
1st: SGLT2 OR GLP1 - 2nd: SGLT2 / GLP1 / Pioglitazone
1st: Metformin - 2nd: Pioglitazone
1st: SGLT2 - 2nd: DPP4I
According ADA recommendation to overcome Pioglitazone side effects:
Increase pioglitazone dose
Combine pioglitazone with Metformine
Use pioglitazone with low dose
Use pioglitazone with low dose
Reduce Insulin & sulphonylurea dose
According ADA recommendation to overcome Pioglitazone side effects:
Increase pioglitazone dose
Combine pioglitazone with Metformine
Use pioglitazone with low dose
Combine pioglitazone with SGLT2
Reduce Insulin & sulphonylurea dose
What is the recommended starting dose of Diabetonorm in patients with type 2 diabetes?
15 mg twice daily
30 mg once daily
15 mg once daily
45 mg once daily
What is the recommended starting dose of Diabetonorm in patients with type 2 diabetes?
15 mg twice daily
30 mg once daily
15 mg once daily
45 mg once daily
Diabetonorm may be used in combination with which of the following medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Insulin
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
All of the above
Diabetonorm may be used in combination with which of the following medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
Insulin
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors
All of the above
What is the duration of action of Diabetonorm in the body?
4-6 hours
12-24 hours
48-72 hours
1-2 weeks
What is the duration of action of Diabetonorm in the body?
4-6 hours
12-24 hours
48-72 hours
1-2 weeks
What is the mechanism of action of pioglitazone in the body?
Activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)
Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) transporter
What is the mechanism of action of pioglitazone in the body?
Activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma)
Inhibition of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) transporter
How should Diabetonorm be dosed in patients with severe hepatic impairment?
The dose should be decreased by 50%
The dose should be increased by 50%
Diabetonorm is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment
The dose should remain unchanged
How should Diabetonorm be dosed in patients with severe hepatic impairment?
The dose should be decreased by 50%
The dose should be increased by 50%
Diabetonorm is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment
The dose should remain unchanged
What is atherosclerosis?
A type of heart attack
A disease of the blood vessels characterized by the buildup of plaque
A condition that affects the lungs
A type of stroke
What is atherosclerosis?
A type of heart attack
A disease of the blood vessels characterized by the buildup of plaque
A condition that affects the lungs
A type of stroke
What is plaque in the context of atherosclerosis?
A bacterial infection
A type of cholesterol
A buildup of fatty deposits and immune cells in the walls of arteries
A type of blood clot
What is plaque in the context of atherosclerosis?
A bacterial infection
A type of cholesterol
A buildup of fatty deposits and immune cells in the walls of arteries
A type of blood clot
Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with atherosclerosis?
High blood pressure
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Low cholesterol levels
Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with atherosclerosis?
High blood pressure
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Low cholesterol levels
What is the role of Vasocare in the treatment of atherosclerosis?
It helps prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries
It helps reduce inflammation and improve blood flow
It helps dissolve blood clots
It helps lower cholesterol levels
What is the role of Vasocare in the treatment of atherosclerosis?
It helps prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries
It helps reduce inflammation and improve blood flow
It helps dissolve blood clots
It helps lower cholesterol levels
Which of the following is a common side effect of Vasocare?
Weight gain
Nausea and vomiting
Hypotension
Joint pain
Which of the following is a common side effect of Vasocare?
Weight gain
Nausea and vomiting
Hypotension
Joint pain
How does Vasocare improve blood flow?
By lowering blood pressure
By increasing the amount of oxygen in the blood
By decreasing the viscosity of the blood
By Improving the vasodilation of the arteries
How does Vasocare improve blood flow?
By lowering blood pressure
By increasing the amount of oxygen in the blood
By decreasing the viscosity of the blood
By Improving the vasodilation of the arteries
What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
Hyperglycemia
Genetic predisposition
High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
Low blood pressure
What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
Hyperglycemia
Genetic predisposition
High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood
Low blood pressure
How does atherosclerosis increase the risk of heart attack and stroke?
By reducing blood flow to the heart and brain
By causing the blood vessels to rupture
By increasing blood pressure
By causing abnormal heart rhythms
How does atherosclerosis increase the risk of heart attack and stroke?
By reducing blood flow to the heart and brain
By causing the blood vessels to rupture
By increasing blood pressure
By causing abnormal heart rhythms
What is the typical dosage of Vasocare for treating peripheral Blood insuffeciency?
100 mg three times a day
400 mg twice to three times a day
800 mg three times a day
1200 mg once a day
What is the typical dosage of Vasocare for treating peripheral Blood insuffeciency?
100 mg three times a day
400 mg twice to three times a day
800 mg three times a day
1200 mg once a day
What is TNF alpha?
A type of white blood cell
A pro-inflammatory cytokine
An enzyme involved in blood clotting
A hormone that regulates metabolism
What is TNF alpha?
A type of white blood cell
A pro-inflammatory cytokine
An enzyme involved in blood clotting
A hormone that regulates metabolism
What is the role of TNF alpha in the inflammatory response?
It promotes the resolution of inflammation
It inhibits the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury or infection
It activates immune cells and promotes inflammation
It promotes tissue repair and regeneration
What is the role of TNF alpha in the inflammatory response?
It promotes the resolution of inflammation
It inhibits the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury or infection
It activates immune cells and promotes inflammation
It promotes tissue repair and regeneration
What is the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline on TNF alpha?
It enhances the production of TNF alpha
It inhibits the production of TNF alpha
It binds to TNF alpha and neutralizes its activity
It stimulates the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines
What is the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline on TNF alpha?
It enhances the production of TNF alpha
It inhibits the production of TNF alpha
It binds to TNF alpha and neutralizes its activity
It stimulates the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines
What conditions are associated with overproduction of TNF alpha?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriasis
Bechet's disease
All of the above
Non of the above
What conditions are associated with overproduction of TNF alpha?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriasis
Bechet's disease
All of the above
Non of the above
What is the recommended duration of treatment with Vasocare for TNF alpha-related conditions?
1 week
1 month
3 months
6 months
What is the recommended duration of treatment with Vasocare for TNF alpha-related conditions?
1 week
1 month
3 months
6 months
What are the contraindications for Vasocare use?
Hypersensitivity to the medication
Recent bleeding or hemorrhage
Severe heart or liver disease
All of the above
Non of the above
What are the contraindications for Vasocare use?
Hypersensitivity to the medication
Recent bleeding or hemorrhage
Severe heart or liver disease
All of the above
Non of the above
What is diabesity?
A condition where a person has both diabetes and obesity
A condition where a person has either diabetes or obesity
A condition where a person has Fatty liver and Diabetes
A condition where a person has Fatty liver and obesity
What is diabesity?
A condition where a person has both diabetes and obesity
A condition where a person has either diabetes or obesity
A condition where a person has Fatty liver and Diabetes
A condition where a person has Fatty liver and obesity
Which of the following is a risk factor for obesity?
Being physically active
Having a high fiber diet
Having a sedentary lifestyle
Eating a low-fat diet
Which of the following is a risk factor for obesity?
Being physically active
Having a high fiber diet
Having a sedentary lifestyle
Eating a low-fat diet
How does orlistat work?
It suppresses appetite
It increases metabolism
It blocks the absorption of fat
It blocks the absorption of carbohydrates
How does orlistat work?
It suppresses appetite
It increases metabolism
It blocks the absorption of fat
It blocks the absorption of carbohydrates
What are the possible side effects of orlistat?
Diarrhea and flatulence
Headache and dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
All of the above
Non of the above
What are the possible side effects of orlistat?
Diarrhea and flatulence
Headache and dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
All of the above
Non of the above
Who should not take orlistat?
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Children under the age of 18
People with liver disease
All of the above
Non of the above
Who should not take orlistat?
Pregnant or breastfeeding women
Children under the age of 18
People with liver disease
All of the above
Non of the above
How long can orlistat be taken for?
1 month
3 months
6 months
12 months
How long can orlistat be taken for?
1 month
3 months
6 months
12 months
Can orlistat be taken with food?
Yes, it can be taken with any meal
No, it should be taken on an empty stomach
It is recommended to take it with a meal that contains fat
It is recommended to take it with a meal that does not contain fat
Can orlistat be taken with food?
Yes, it can be taken with any meal
No, it should be taken on an empty stomach
It is recommended to take it with a meal that contains fat
It is recommended to take it with a meal that does not contain fat
What is the primary advantage of Apifortyl for Hepatic patients?
Contains Vitamin C
Enhances the immunity
Iron free
Contains Biopterin
What is the primary advantage of Apifortyl for Hepatic patients?
Contains Vitamin C
Enhances the immunity
Iron free
Contains Biopterin
Apifortyl improve the patients with Coronary artery diseases as it contains:
Vitamin B complex
Biopterin
Manganese
Vitamin E
Apifortyl improve the patients with Coronary artery diseases as it contains:
Vitamin B complex
Biopterin
Manganese
Vitamin E
Role of Biopterin in Diabetic patient is:
Enhances vasodilation as a co-factor for NO production
Improves insulin sensitivity by increase insulin signaling
Helps in weight loss
Decreases the visceral fat %
Role of Biopterin in Diabetic patient is:
Enhances vasodilation as a co-factor for NO production
Improves insulin sensitivity by increase insulin signaling
Helps in weight loss
Decreases the visceral fat %
Apifortyl shortens the postoperative convalescence as its improve the appetite due to containing of:
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin H
Vitamin D3
Apifortyl shortens the postoperative convalescence as its improve the appetite due to containing of:
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin H
Vitamin D3
Apifortyl is NOT recommended in:
Liver disease patients
Atherosclerotic patients
1st trimester Pregnancy
Hypertensive patients
Apifortyl is NOT recommended in:
Liver disease patients
Atherosclerotic patients
1st trimester Pregnancy
Hypertensive patients
Apifortyl is recommended for patient with diet & Orlistat with considering:
Increase the dose to 4 times a day
Increase the amount of fat in diet to enhance fat soluble vitamins absorption
Take the dose at least 2 hours before or after orlistat
Take Apifortyl Immediately after meal
Apifortyl is recommended for patient with diet & Orlistat with considering:
Increase the dose to 4 times a day
Increase the amount of fat in diet to enhance fat soluble vitamins absorption
Take the dose at least 2 hours before or after orlistat
Take Apifortyl Immediately after meal
The advantages of Apifortyl are the following except:
Smart Capsule
Iron free
Contains Calcium, Magnesium & Vitamin D3
Small easy to swallow
Contains Roya jelly extracts
The advantages of Apifortyl are the following except:
Smart Capsule
Iron free
Contains Calcium, Magnesium & Vitamin D3
Small easy to swallow
Contains Roya jelly extracts
Select the Diseases related to Metabolic disorders
Autoimmune diseases
Hypertension
NAFLD & NASH
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Hyper lipidemia
Psoriasis
Obesity
Select the Diseases related to Metabolic disorders
Autoimmune diseases
Hypertension
NAFLD & NASH
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Hyper lipidemia
Psoriasis
Obesity
Case 1: A patient with type 2 diabetes has been on metformin for several months but their blood sugar levels are still not under control. What is the role of pioglitazone in managing their condition? What are the potential benefits and risks of adding pioglitazone to their treatment regimen?
Case 1: A patient with type 2 diabetes has been on metformin for several months but their blood sugar levels are still not under control. What is the role of pioglitazone in managing their condition? What are the potential benefits and risks of adding pioglitazone to their treatment regimen?
: A patient with type 2 diabetes has a history of heart disease. What is the role of pioglitazone in reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications in this patient? What is the recommendation of treatment according to ADA 2023?
: A patient with type 2 diabetes has a history of heart disease. What is the role of pioglitazone in reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications in this patient? What is the recommendation of treatment according to ADA 2023?
A patient with type 2 diabetes has been on Insulin for several months but their blood sugar levels are still not under control, reaching high doses of insulin, What is the role of pioglitazone in managing their condition? What are the potential benefits and risks of adding pioglitazone to their treatment regimen?
A patient with type 2 diabetes has been on Insulin for several months but their blood sugar levels are still not under control, reaching high doses of insulin, What is the role of pioglitazone in managing their condition? What are the potential benefits and risks of adding pioglitazone to their treatment regimen?
A 50-year-old female with a history of diabetes and dyslipidemia, presents with angina and is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. She is started on pentoxifylline as an adjunct therapy to aspirin and statins. How does Vasocare reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease?
A 50-year-old female with a history of diabetes and dyslipidemia, presents with angina and is diagnosed with coronary artery disease. She is started on pentoxifylline as an adjunct therapy to aspirin and statins. How does Vasocare reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease?
A 65-year-old Male with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease, presents with claudication in his left leg. He is found to have severe stenosis in his left iliac artery and undergoes angioplasty. However, his TNF alpha levels remain elevated. How can pentoxifylline be used in the management of his case?
A 65-year-old Male with a history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease, presents with claudication in his left leg. He is found to have severe stenosis in his left iliac artery and undergoes angioplasty. However, his TNF alpha levels remain elevated. How can pentoxifylline be used in the management of his case?
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