Pathophysiology Chapter 14 Nervous system disorders
Pathophysiology of Nervous System Disorders Quiz
Test your knowledge on pathophysiology and nervous system disorders with this comprehensive quiz. Covering key concepts from cerebrospinal fluid circulation to the intricacies of Alzheimer's disease, this quiz is perfect for students and professionals alike.
Key Features:
- 35 carefully crafted questions
- Multiple-choice format with detailed answers
- Ideal for learning and assessment
Through what area does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate around the brain and spinal cord?
Between the double layers of the dura mater
In the subdural space
In the subarachnoid space
Through the arachnoid villi
Which of the following is the usual location of language centers?
Left hemisphere
Right hemisphere
Brainstem
Hypothalamus
What is a major function of the limbic system?
Overall control of fluid balance
Required for logical thinking, reason, and decision making
Determines emotional responses
Responsible for artistic and musical talents
Where are b1-adrenergic receptors located?
Bronchiolar walls
Arteriolar walls
Cardiac muscle
Glands of the intestinal tract
What does a vegetative state refer to?
Depression of the reticular activating system (RAS) and inability to initiate action
Loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function
Continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move
Disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness
What is the best definition of aphasia?
The inability to comprehend or express language appropriately
Difficulty swallowing
Loss of the visual field contralateral to the area of damage
The inability to articulate words clearly
What is an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure?
Papilledema
Bilateral fixed dilated pupils
Decreasing responsiveness
Rapid heart rate
What is the rationale for vomiting in a patient who has increased intracranial pressure?
Chemoreceptors responding to changes in the blood
Pressure extending to spinal nerves
Pressure on the emetic center in the medulla
Stimuli to the hypothalamic center for hunger and thirst
The largest category of primary malignant brain tumors that arise from cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are called:
Gliomas.
Sarcomas.
Lymphomas.
Myelomas.
Which of the following causes papilledema?
Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc
Increased intraocular pressure
Pressure on the oculomotor nerve
Pressure on the optic chiasm
What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?
Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation
Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates
Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate
Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers
Which of the following characteristics indicates that the CSF is normal?
Cloudy and pale yellow color
Presence of erythrocytes
Presence of numerous leukocytes
Clear and colorless fluid
What are significant signs of acute bacterial meningitis?
Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia
Fatigue and lethargy, fever, and anorexia
Focal signs, such as progressive paralysis in a limb
Ascending paralysis beginning in the legs
In many types of encephalitis, such as St. Louis encephalitis, how are the viruses transmitted?
Carriers
Mosquito and tick bites
Respiratory droplet
Septic emboli in the circulation
What does the term otorrhea mean?
Bleeding from the nose.
CSF leaking from the ear
Torn meninges but no skull fracture.
Hemorrhage from the ear.
Which type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has the poorest prognosis?
CVA caused by thrombus
Hemorrhagic CVA
Embolic CVA
No difference among types
.The stroke scale used to rapidly diagnose a stroke includes:
Capacity for speech, level of consciousness, motor skills, eye movements
Motor skills, spatial awareness, time awareness, facial recognition.
Short-term memory, cognitive skills, speech, name recognition.
Hand-eye coordination, problem solving, ability to stand or walk, consciousness.
Which signs are indicative of post-polio syndrome?
Progressive spastic paralysis
Ascending flaccid paralysis
Progressive fatigue and weakness
Increasing numbness and paresthesias
Which type of fracture typically occurs at the base of the skull?
Depressed
Contrecoup
Comminuted
Basilar
Brain injury where the brain is injured when it bounces off of the skull due to sudden acceleration or deceleration is referred to as a/an:
Linear fracture
Contusion
Basilar injury
Contrecoup injury
The rabies virus is usually transmitted by:
Respiratory droplets.
Insects such as mosquitoes.
Bites from infected animals.
The fecal-oral route.
Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:
Unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome.
Weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs.
Ascending paralysis commencing in the legs.
Skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck.
Typical signs of a TIA include:
A. Rapidly increasing intracranial pressure.
B. Loss of consciousness.
C. Transient muscle weakness in a hand or leg.
D. headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity.
The best description of a myelomeningocele is:
Asymptomatic failure of the posterior spinous processes of the vertebrae to fuse.
Herniation of the meninges through a vertebral defect.
Herniation of the meninges, CSF, and spinal cord or nerves through a vertebral defect.
herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the cranium.
What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?
A sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs
A cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles
Alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles
Cessation of all skeletal muscle activity
Which of the following are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?
Paralysis of the lower body, impaired cognitive function
Areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, visual problems
Sensory deficit in the legs and trunk, memory loss, urinary incontinence
Tremors, speech impairment, hearing loss
Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?
Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands
Extreme weakness in the legs and spastic movements in the arms
Visual deficits and speech impairment
Loss of facial expressions and altered posture and gait
What are the characteristic changes in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer’s disease?
Cortical atrophy with plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, impairing conduction
Increased acetylcholine (ACh) and decreased GABA and serotonin levels
Obstruction of many small arteries and arterioles throughout the cerebral cortex
Vacuoles forming in the neurons, rapidly destroying them
Which of the following are typical characteristics associated with schizophrenia?
Disorganized thought processes, short attention span, delusions
. Lack of energy and motivation, poor concentration, insomnia
Hyperventilation, tachycardia, intense anxiety
Memory loss, mood swings, hostile behavior
What causes a herniated intervertebral disc?
A tear in the nucleus pulposus
A protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis
Displacement of the annulus fibrosis between the laminae
Failure of the spinous processes to restrict movement of the intervertebral disc
Which of the following dietary supplements has reduced the incidence of spina bifida in recent years?
Vitamin B6
Folic acid
Vitamins A and D
Zinc and magnesium
Which of the following classes of drugs may provide temporary improvement in cases of myasthenia gravis?
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Dopamine replacement drugs
Anticholinesterase agents
GABA replacement drugs
Failure of the spinous processes to fuse, but without herniation of the meninges, is called:
Spina bifida occulta.
Meningocele.
Myelomeningocele.
Encephalocele.
Huntington’s disease is diagnosed by:
Urinalysis.
Motor skills tests.
DNA analysis.
Antibody agglutination test.
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