Physiology 2 Midterm Part 1
Physiology Mastery Quiz: Cardiac Focus
Test your knowledge on cardiac physiology with our comprehensive 50-question quiz. Dive deep into concepts like heart contractility, cardiac output, and action potentials. Perfect for students and professionals alike!
Key Features:
- 50 detailed multiple-choice questions
- Covering various aspects of cardiac physiology
- Instant feedback on your performance
What determines the contractility?
Isotonic tension
Isometric tension
Maximum isometric tension, maximum contraction speed
Contraction speed
What influences the efficiency of the working fibers in the heart?
Parasympathetic stimulation
Sympathetic inhibition
Direct electrical stimulation
Sympathetic stimulation
How does the cardiac output change during the direct stimulation of the heart?
The C.O. doesn`t change
The C.O. Decreases slightly
The C.O. Increases significantly
The C.O. Decreases significantly
How does the cardiac output change if we stimulate the heart through its sympathetic nerve?
The C.O. Decreases continously
The C.O. Increases continously
The C.O. doesn`t change
The C.O. Increases slightly
How does the systole/diastole rate change with direct stimulation of the heart?
Systole and diastole decrease
Systole increases, dyastole decreases
Systole doesn`t change, dyastole decreases
Systole decreases, dyastole increases
How does the systole/diastole ratio change if we stimulate the heart through its sympathetic nerve?
It increases
It decreases
It increases the muscle force only
The ratio doesn`t change too much
How can we measure the cardiac output?
On the basis of the Ficks-principle
On the basis of the Van`t Hoff law
On the basis of the Laplace law
On the basis of Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
What formula can be used to calculate the cardiac output?
C.O.=QtO2x(CaO2-CvO2)
C.O.=QtO2/(CaO2-CvO2)
C.O.=QtO2/(CvO2-CaO2)
C.O.=QtO2/(CaO2xCvO2)
Can we apply the Stewart-principle for the determination of the cardiac output?
Yes, because we measure the volume
Yes, when we inject tritiated water
Yes, but modified, instead of volume we measure volume flow
No
What efficiency does the heart have?
80%
30-40%
4%
10-20%
What is the external work of the heart?
The product of systolic volume and the mean arterial pressure
The quotient of pulse pressure and the circulatory mid-pressure
The product of cardiac output and the arterial mid-pressure
The difference of the pressure-work and the kinetic-work
What can we show with the help of the Rushmer-diagram?
The ratio of external and internal work
The ratio of the active and passive component of the external work of the heart
The difference between the external and internal work of the heart
The efficiency of the work of the heart
What does the passive work of the heart derive from?
From the tension during the isovolumetric contraction
From the isovolumetric relaxation
From the energy stored in the elastic components
From the tension of the aortic wall
How do the pressure and volume of the left ventricle change during the fast ejection phase of systole?
The pressure does not change, the volume decreases significantly
The pressure drops, the volume decreases
The pressure increases, the volume does not change
The pressure increases, the volume decreases
How does the efficiency of the heart change with increasing ventricular volume?
It decreases
It increases
It does not change
It decreases, since the oxygen consumption is less
What happens when we stimulate the heart muscle to the threshold potential?
Cl and Ca influx
K outflow, Na inflow
Na influx
Ca and Na influx
What happens at a potential of +25 mV?
Na inflow stops, K inflow, Cl outflow
Ca inflow, Na outflow
Na inflow continues, K outflow stops
Na inflow stops; Cl inflow begins
What influx happens during the plateau-phase of the heart muscle's AP?
Slow Ca inflow, slow K outflow
Quick Ca inflow, slow K outflow
Slow Ca outflow, quick K inflow
Quick Na inflow, slow Ca inflow
What is going on in the phase leading to the total repolarization of the heart muscle?
Slow Ca inflow, slow K outflow
Rapid K outflow, Ca inflow stops
Ca inflow, slow K outflow
Na inflow, slow Ca inflow
How does the potassium conductance change during phase 3 of the AP of the working fibers of the heart?
It decreases
It does not change
It increases
Its change is parallel to the sodium conductance
Which ion flux causes the plateau phase in the AP of the heart muscle?
Potassium
Chloride
Sodium
Mainly calcium
How does the sodium conductance change in phase 1 of the AP of the working fibers of the heart?
It ceases suddenly
It increases
It decreases continously
It does not change
What is the most important difference between the action potential of the heart muscle and that of the skeletal muscle?
The AP of the heart muscle is shorter
The AP of the skeletal muscle has no plateau phase
The contraction of the heart muscle starts after the AP
The AP of the skeletal muscle overlaps its mechanogram
What answer is produced when the stimulus is given during the absolute refractory phase?
A new AP is generated
A new AP is produced when the stimulus is strong enough
No AP can be produced
AP is generated about 300 msecs later
Which statement is correct for the relative refractory period?
A slight stimulus may elicit a new AP
No stimulus can elicit an AP
A normal stimulus causes an AP
Only a very strong stimulus can elicit an AP
Which statement is correct for the supernormal phase?
A very slight stimulus can provoke an AP
Only a strong stimulus elicits an AP
AP cannot be elicited at all in this phase
Only serial stimuli elicit a new AP
In which phase of the AP can a stimulus cause life threatening ventricular fibrillation?
Absolute refractory period
Supernormal phase
Relative refractory period
Immediately after the diastole
What is the center of the nomotopic stimulus formation?
Septum
Purkinje fibers
Sinoatrial node
Bundle of His
Which formation generates the pacemaker activity in the heart?
Large round cells of the SA node
Elongated cells of the sinoauricular node
Sympathetic fibers
Parasympathetic fibers
Which formation synchronizes and delays the pacemaker signal?
Large round cells of the SA node
Elongated cells of the SA node
Pacemaker cells of the SA node
Working muscle fibers
The depolarisation of the pacemaker cells begins at what potential?
-90 mV
-35 mV
-55 mV
+35 mV
What kind of ion channels function in the period of spontaneous diastolic depolarisation?
Ih channels, slow Na-channels
Slow Na-channels
Fast Na-channels
Ih channels, T and L-type channels
Which channels determine the 0 phase of the action potential of the pacemaker cells?
Fast Na-channels
Slow Na-channels
Ih channels
T and L-type Ca-channels
What are the characteristics of the subendocardial conduction?
The specialized fibre system projects deep into the ventricular muscle
The specialized fibre system does not project deep into the ventricular muscle
It occures in large animals
Elongates the heart cycle
What are the characteristics of the epicardial conduction?
It occures in small animals
The specialized fibre system is on the surface of the ventricle
The specialized fibre system projects deep into the muscles of the ventricle
Elongates the heart cycle
What is the function of the sinoatrial node?
Ventricular activation
Synchronizes atrial and ventricular contraction
Delays the conduction time
Nomotopic excitation
What is the function of the atrioventricular node?
Delays the excitation
Synchronizing the contraction of the two ventricles
Nomotopic excitation
Fast ventricular activation
What is the function of the annulus fibrosus?
Ventricular activation
Synchronization
Nomotopic stimulus generation
Heterotopic stimulus generation
What is the function of the His-bundle?
Delays the conduction of the stimulus
Nomotopic stimulus generation
Fast ventricular activation
Synchronization atrial and ventricular activity
Where is the conduction the slowest in the heart?
In the ventricle
In the His-bundle and the Tawara-stalk
In the SA node
In the AV node
Where is the conductance the fastest in the heart?
In the His and Tawara bundles
In the ventricles
In the working muscle fibres
In the atriovenrticular node
How does sympathetic stimulation affect the frequency of the heart?
It decreases the frequency
It increases the frequency
There is no change
First it increases, later it decreases
How does parasympathetic stimulation affect the frequency of the heart?
It increases the frequency
There is no change
It decreases the frequency
First it increases, later it decreases
What mediates the sympathic effect in the heart?
CAMP concentration decreases
Inhibiting of the beta-1 receptor
Stimulating the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Stimulating the beta-1 receptor
How does the AP of the heart change during sympathetic stimulation?
The steepness of the SDD increases
The MDP lowers
The steepness of the SDD decreases
The MDP does not change
How does the parasympathetic effect act in the heart?
Via beta-1 receptor stimulation
Via acetylcholine receptor stimulation
By inhibiting the beta-1 receptors
Increasing the cAMP concentration
What nerval effect determines the heart function at rest?
Sympathetic inhibition
Sympathetic stimulation
Parasympathetic stimulation
Parasympathetic inhibition
What neural effects act on the heart in case of increased physical activity?
Increased sympathetic stimulation, reduced parasympathetic activity
Increased parasympathetic activity
Reduced sympathetic activity
Increased vagal stimulation
What is the bathmotrop effect?
An effect influencing frequency
An effect influencing threshold
An effect influencing force generation
An effect influencing contractility
What is the dromotrop effect?
An effect influencing frequency
An effect influencing threshold
An effect influencing conductance
An effect influencing SDD
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