Practice Exam

A patient has retropatellar pain and an MRI finding of softened and fibrillated cartilage. These are characteristics of:

Two weeks ago, a patient fell on an open hand with the wrist extended. Pain is present on palpation of the space between the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis. The physical therapist should suspect a fracture of which of the following bones?

A patient is unable to perform a standing heel raise with the knee extended. During this attempted movement, the physical therapist observes toe flexion, inversion, and limited movement of the calcaneus. The MOST likely cause of this deviation is:

To test a patient's response to compression of the right lumbar facet joints, the combination of lumbar spine movements that should be used is:

A physical therapist is performing a work-site evaluation of a person who is using a computer at a workstation. Which of the following elements of posture or positioning are MOST desirable for preventing overuse injuries or postural dysfunction?

During postural evaluation of a patient, a physical therapist observes a leg length discrepancy. Which of the following gait deviations is MOST likely seen by the therapist?

A patient who has acromioclavicular joint arthritis will most likely have the GREATEST discomfort when performing which of the following tasks?

A patient sustained an ankle sprain in a bicycle accident. The patient's paint is provoked with subtalar eversion. These symptoms are MOST likely the result of a tear of which ligament?

A patient with ankylosing spondylitis reports having had a diagnostic test that showed "increated uptake" in the spine and pelvis. Which of the following tests was MOST likely performed?

Which of the following patellar mobilizations will BEST facilitate active terminal knee extension for a patient who has had the knee immobilized for 6 weeks?

A patient has decreased passive terminal knee extension. Which mobilization will be MOST beneficial?

A patient is unable to control descent when moving from standing to sitting. Which of the following therapeutic interventions would be MOST appropriate to address this problem?

A physical therapist is treating a teenaged athlete who sustained a hematoma from a blow to the anterior thigh 2 weeks ago. The patient exhibits moderate knee pain with knee flexion greater than 90 degrees. The patient has a palpable mass in the quadriceps muscle. The MOST likely diagnosis for this patient is:

A nurse caring for a patient who is 2 days post cerebrovascular accident asks the physical therapist for positioning recommendations when the patient lies on the hemiplegic side. The therapist's recommendations should include positioning the:

During a physical therapy examination, a patient complains of numbness, burning, and paresthesias in both feet. A neurological examination reveals bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation in a stocking-and-glove distribution, diminished ankle reflexes, normal knee-jerk reflexes, and decreased strength in the feet and ankles bilaterally. The patient MOST likely has:

The parent of a child with myelomeningocele at L2 asks a physical therapist to provide information regarding the child's prognosis for walking. The therapist should respond by telling the parent that the child will MOST likely be able to:

A patient has a diagnosis of right C5 radiculopathy. Which of the following arm movements is MOST likely to be weak?

A physical therapist is teaching a patient wheelchair transfers. Which of the following techniques is MOST appropriate for the physical therapist to employ to facilitate the patient's ability to generalize the learning?

The BEST position to stretch the right iliopsoas is hip extension combined with:

A physical therapist plans to perform a home assessment for a patient who had a T10 complete spinal cord transection 6 months ago. Which of the following information would be MOST critical to obtain prior to the home visit?

Which of the following observations indicates an improvement in a patient with dysdiadochokinesia?

A physical therapist is preparing to give instructions in the use of a new standing device to the family of a 3-year-old-child who has myelomeningocele. Which of the following actions should the therapist perform FIRST?

A physical therapist is working with a patient who has complete loss of vestibular function. As a compensatory strategy, the therapist should work with the patient on exercises that will:

A patient with multiple sclerosis wants to transfer independently. The patient progressed from moderate to minimal assistance for transfers within 3 days; however, no progress has been made in the past 2 weeks. The physical therapist should:

To determine whether a patient who is recovering from obturator nerve palsy has regained a muscle grade of Fair (3/5) or better, which of the following testing positions is most appropriate?

A patient reports difficulty in raising the right arm. During examination, manual muscle testing of shoulder abduction reveals strength of Good (4/5) without pain. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of these findings?

A physical therapist working with a patient who is borderline hypotensive can minimize orthostatic hypotension by:

Which of the following words would MOST likely describe neurogenic pain?

A child with myelomeningocele and a history of hydrocephalus begins to exhibit irritability, lethargy, and vomiting. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of these symptoms?

A patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis will MOST likely experience which of the following over time?

A physical therapist is setting up an exercise program for a patient who is interested in improving cardiovascular fitness. When performing a submaximal cycle ergometer test the therapist should expect a relatively constant value for:

A patient, who has many risk factors for coronary artery disease and is presently not taking any cardiac medications, is interested in beginning an exercise program at a gym to improve cardiac health. The BEST self-assessment of exercise intensity during the exercise sessions of this patient is:

Which of the following conditions must be ruled out when a physical therapist evaluates a patient with nonspecific neck pain?

An inpatient is referred to physical therapy after undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery 5 days ago. The patient's medical history includes hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes. Which of the following sets of factors should a physical therapist consider when developing a plan of care?

Which of the following photographs shows the MOST appropriate placement of the stethoscope to determine if a patient has aortic stenosis?

During initial examination of a patient, a physical therapist notices severe clubbing of the patient's fingernails. The therapist should further investigate for the presence of signs and symptoms associated with which of the following conditions?

A newborn's Apgar test evaluates heart rate, color, and which additional clinical characteristics?

A patient's electrocardiogram shows a new ST-segment displacement from baseline and a sinus rhythm of 70 bpm. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A patient reports a 2 week history of left upper abdominal quadrant pain, left flank pain, and mid-back pain as a result of a motor vehicle accident. The patient also reports being fatigued and generally not feeling well. Which of the following differential diagnoses would MOST likely account for the patient's symptoms?

A physical therapist is preparing to perform a bed to chair transfer with a patient who underwent an extensive surgery 24 hours ago and is taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. During this transfer, the physical therapist should monitor the patient for the possibility of a:

When evaluating the lower extremity muscle strength of a patient, the physical therapist positions the patient prone with the knee flexed. The therapist asks the patient to point the toes upward toward the ceiling. The patient completes the motion, but inverts the foot slightly. This observation indicates:

During warm-up on a stationary bike, a patient reports feelings of fatigue. Following the activity, the physical therapist observes the patient sitting in a chair with elbows resting on the knees. The physical therapist should examine the patient for which of the following?

Prolonged bed rest would MOST likely cause an increase in which of the following cardiovascular parameters?

A patient has completed a 12 week strength and conditioning program. Which of the following measures would be MOST appropriate to assess change in fitness and conditioning from week 1 to week 12?

A patient has a dry, yellow wound located on the anterolateral aspect of the left lower extremity. The patient experiences pain when walking continuously for 5 minutes and therefore avoids walking. Which of the following home exercise programs is MOST appropriate for the patient?

A patient who is performing a vigorous treadmill test is MOST likely to have an immediate increase in which of the following physiologic repsonses?

A patient is performing a therapeutic exercise program while being monitored by telemetry. The physical therapist observes a premature ventricular contraction (PVC) every other heartbeat. This patient is experiencing:

A patient reports a recurrent pattern of chest pain while walking each day. Which of the following measurements will BEST enable the physical therapist to estimate the myocardial oxygen demand at the onset of symptoms?

A patient who has a leg wound reports increased pain with walking and decreases pain with rest. Which of the following test results is BEST able to identify the primary etiology?

When an individual experiences an increase in blood pressure, which of the following reflexive responses should occur?

A physical therapist evaluating the posture of an obese patient notes that the patient has an anterior pelvic tilt. The therapist will MOST likely find weakness in the:

Which of the following wellness programs would BEST promote a healthy lifestyle?

A patient who had coronary artery bypass surgery is being instructed in the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction. Which of the following principles of patient education is MOST important to ensure that the patient understands the information the therapist provides?

3. Significant

4. Stable

2.

A 20 year-old male soccer player presents with a Grade II right lateral ankle sprain upon evaluation. What are the characteristics of a Grade II ankle sprain?

1. Partial tear of the lateral ligament complex with mild joint instability, moderate intra- capsular swelling and tenderness, and some loss of ROM and jointfunction

2. Complete rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and capsule with mechanical joint instability; severe intra/extra-capsular swelling, ecchymosis, tenderness and inability toweight-bear.

3. Stretch of the lateral ligament complex with no macroscopic tear or joint instability, little swelling or tenderness

4. Partial tear of the syndesmosis, creating generalized swelling and tenderness throughout the ankle joint complex; inability to bear weight, severe ecchymosis, and mortise widening.

3.

An 11 year-old male presents to the physical therapy clinic with signs of hypertonicity related to cerebral palsy. The boy has significant shortening of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle, creating a severe torticollis to the right. This has led to a pressure ulcer forming on his right ear from contact with the wheelchair headrest. The MOST appropriate course of action is to:

1. Begin a course of active-assisted range of motion exercises, focusing on the upper extremities and creating a home program to improve shoulder active range ofmotion.

2. Inform the patient’s family that the child should not be in a wheelchair to prevent the formation of anymore pressure ulcers and decrease pain associated with torticollis.

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3. Inform the primary care provider of the child and request him/her to order an oral prescription of Baclofen because the child has developed a tolerance for the current dosage.

4. Begin a course of passive range of motion stretches, focusing on the neck, and instruct the patient’s family on proper positioning and wheelchair adjustments to decrease the likelihood of future ulcers.

4.

A patient with a stroke affecting the right middle cerebral artery has difficulty walking, especially over uneven surfaces. Which of the following describes the MOST appropriate initial treatment to improve the patient’s ability to walk over uneven surfaces?

1. Place a single point cane in the patient’s left hand and train him to use a step-to gait pattern.

2. Place a single point cane in the patient’s right hand and train him to use a step-to gait pattern.

3. Fit the patient with a 4-wheeled walker and instruct him to use a4-point gait pattern.

4. Fit the patient with axillary crutches and instruct him to use a 4-point gaitpattern.

5.

A physical therapist is evaluating a 66 year-old female who has a history of severe head trauma following a motor vehicle accident. The patient has difficulty with rapid alternating movements while performing neurologic testing. The BEST term to describe this specific impairment is:

1. Ataxia

2. Dysmetria

3. Dysarthria

4. Dysdiadocokinesia

6.

A 79 year old female presents to outpatient rehabilitation services 6 weeks following a CVA with right hemiplegia. She complains of right shoulder pain working on functional upper extremity movements and has severe shoulder pain when practicing bed mobility activities such as rolling

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And scooting. On examination, it is observed that the humeral head is inferiorly displaced. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate for her condition?

1. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation(TENS)

2. Functional Electrical Stimulation(FES)

3. Short Wave Diathermy (SWD)

4. Interferential Current (IFC) Stimulation

7.

A 30 year old male presents to outpatient rehabilitation with numbness and tingling on the 4th and 5th fingers of the left hand consistent with nerve entrapment symptoms. Upon further examination, it is noted that the patient has normal sensation on the dorsum of the hand on the ulnar side. Where is the MOST likely source of nerve entrapment?

1. Guyon’s Canal

2. Carpal Tunnel

3. Cubital Tunnel

4. 1st Rib

8.

A 45 year old male presents to the burn unit with partial thickness burns over the entire right arm, left arm, front of head, and front of abdomen. Approximately what percentage of his body is burned?

1. 31.5%

2. 36%

3. 40.5%

4. 45%

9.

A patient presents to the inpatient rehabilitation unit who has suffered a vertebro-basilar CVA and has difficulty depressing the eye from an adducted position. Which cranial nerve is the MOST likely cause of this impairment?

1. CN I

2. CN II

3. CN III

4. CN IV

10.

A 59 year old male patient is being evaluated for left shoulder pain. The patient reports that his shoulder pain is closely associated with activity, including stress at work. The patient reports that at worst, the pain radiates into his neck, and he feels shortness of breath which subsides with rest. What would the MOST appropriate intervention be?

1. Begin passive range of motion exercises within the pain free range ofmotion.

2. Postpone treatment and refer the patient to his physician for further evaluation.

3. Apply modalities to the shoulder and instruct the patient on activitymodification.

4. Begin the patient with rotator cuff exercises within the pain reduced range of motion and instruct patient on activitymodification.

11.

A 35 year old patient with a complete T5 spinal cord injury is working on supine to sit transfers on the mat table when he suddenly appears flushed and complains of his heart pounding. Upon examination, his blood pressure is 180/100 and he has a pounding headache. The most appropriate INITIAL course of action is:

1. Lay the patient supine and notify the patient’s physician.

2. Sit the patient up and notify the patient’s physician.

3. Allow the patient to rest longer between sets ofactivity.

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4. Initiate core strengthening exercises to maintain intraabdominalpressure.

12.

A 21 year old female patient presents with neck pain and stiffness that has gradually worsened over the last two weeks. Upon examination, the patient is noted to have pain with left side bending with left rotation and reports pain on the left at the C5-6 junction. Hypomobility is also noted with right side-gliding of C6. Which of the following techniques will be most appropriate to decrease pain?

1. Closing technique for the mid-thoracic spine.

2. Closing manipulation in extension for C5-C6

3. Gapping manipulation in flexion for C5-C6.

4. Flexion/opening manipulation for mid-thoracic spine

13.

A 22 year old female presents to the clinic with a chief complaint of knee pain following a twisting injury while playing soccer 5 days ago. The patient’s knee is swollen significantly and is unable to jump or run. What special test would be the MOST appropriate to diagnose the injury?

1. Lachman’s test

2. Posterior drawer test

3. Active Lachman’s test

4. External Rotation RecurvatumTest

14.

A geriatric patient with “walking” pneumonia and a history of recent falls is receiving physical therapy for general strengthening. What part of this person’s treatment is affected MOST by his lung condition?

1. Decreased stamina/tolerance of activity

2. Inability to participate in endurance type activities

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3. Diminished tidal volumes

4. Lower oxygen saturation with moderate activity

15.

A patient complains of weakness in the right hip while she is ambulating. Upon examination, you notice that the patient has a significant drop of the left hip while in midstance on the right leg. The MOST appropriate treatment for this impairment wouldbe:

1. Standing hip abduction of the left leg.

2. Standing hip abduction of the right leg.

3. Standing flexion of the left leg.

4. Standing flexion of the right leg.

16.

A patient presents to the clinic with signs of lethargy and mild dizziness. The patient's resting blood pressure is 100/70. Which of the following is MOST likely to cause this decrease in blood pressure?

1. Lisinopril

2. Prednisone

3. Sertraline

4. Metformin

17.

A patient presents to the clinic with right shoulder pain and complains of difficulty reaching overhead, with pain especially from 60-120 degrees of shoulder flexion. Which special test would be MOST informative for this set of symptoms?

1. Neer Test

2. Empty Can Test

3. Crossover Test

4. Push Off Test

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18.

A patient is in the inpatient rehabilitation unit for a total knee replacement. While reviewing the case, you note that the patient has been diagnosed with an infection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and is in an isolation room. What is the MOST appropriate action to take to prevent contamination?

1. Don gown, mask, gloves, and respirator before entering the room, wash hands after.

2. Limit therapy sessions to less than 15 minutes and limit contact during treatment.

3. Don gloves when in contact with the patient and wash handsafter.

4. Wash hands before and after contact with the patient, but do not touch the patient.

19.

A 32 year old female presents to the clinic complaining of left shoulder pain. The patient’s symptoms include pain with reaching and limited motion in all planes. The patient’s symptoms have been progressively worsening over the last month. What would be the MOST effective initial treatment?

1. Refer the patient to their primary care provider for intracapsular corticosteroid injections.

2. Begin gentle progressive stretching exercises with the focus on increased active range of motion.

3. Initiate rotator cuff strengthening exercises, focusing on external rotation.

4. Instruct the patient on Codman pendulum exercises and apply a moist heatpack.

20.

While treating a patient for cardiac rehab, a physical therapist relies on the Borg RPE scale. The Borg rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE) is MOST representative of which type of data scale?

1. Nominal

2. Ordinal

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3. Cardinal

4. Marginal

21.

A physical therapist is trying to determine which special test to use for an examination and is researching the statistical values of each. What is the MOST important statistical attribute a special test must have to effectively limit Type I errors?

1. Sensitivity

2. Specificity

3. Positive likelihood ratio

4. Negative likelihood ratio

22.

A physical therapist is evaluating a 50 year old patient with a generally swollen right leg. The patient does not report any trauma to the leg and describes the swelling as increasing gradually over the last 12 months. The swelling is non-pitting, primarily below the knee. The leg is not red or hot, and the patient indicates that his leg just feels “heavy.” What is the MOST likely origin of the swelling?

1. Systemic infection

2. Chronic inflammation

3. Congestive heart failure

4. Lymphedema

23.

A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with pain that radiates throughout his lower extremities. The patient has significant foot drop while ambulating and complains of numbness and tingling extending from the great toe up to the knee along the anterior leg. What is the MOST likely pathology underlying these symptoms?

1. Sciatic nerve entrapment

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2. Deep peroneal nerve inflammation

3. Tibial nerve entrapment

4. L5 nerve root entrapment

24.

A patient has right leg pain and displays redness and swelling throughout the foot and ankle distal to the knee that has developed over the last 3 days. The patient reports no trauma and complains of a deep ache in the calf musculature. What is the MOST appropriate initial treatment?

1. Refer to physician for further examination.

2. Elevate the lower extremity and apply an icemodality.

3. Instruct the patient on range of motion exercises and begin a home exercise program.

4. Perform instrument assisted manual soft tissuemobilization to decrease the swelling.

25.

A patient with cystic fibrosis is receiving postural drainage and percussion for the right lung’s middle lobe. What is the MOST appropriate patient position?

1. Supine on a wedge with the left shoulder elevated on pillows with the head lower than the pelvis.

2. Supine on a wedge with the right shoulder elevated on pillows with the head lower than the pelvis.

3. Prone with the right shoulder elevated on pillows and the head on the same plane as the pelvis.

4. Prone with the left shoulder elevated on pillows and the head on the same plane as the pelvis.

26.

A patient is being evaluated by a physical therapist for a diabetic ulcer that penetrates the subcutaneous tissue, extending into the subcutaneous fat and fascia but without any gangrene or

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Osteomyelitis present. The physical therapist wishes to document the severity of the ulcer. What is the MOST appropriate objective measure of the wound?

1. Measure the depth and shape of the ulcer and classify it as a Grade 2 ulcer on the Wagner Ulcer Grade Classification System.

2. Measure the depth and shape of the ulcer and classify it as a Grade 3 ulcer on the Wagner Ulcer Grade Classification System.

3. Measure the depth and shape of the ulcer and classify it as a Grade 4 ulcer on the Wagner Ulcer Grade Classification System.

4. Measure the depth and shape of the ulcer and classify it as a Grade 5 ulcer on theWagner Ulcer Grade Classification System.

27.

A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with ulceration on the lower extremity. The leg is apparently swollen and red upon examination. The wound is irregularly shaped and feels hot to the touch. Which of the following grouping of symptoms is MOST consistent with this type of ulceration?

1. Ulceration is on the lateral leg, pulseless, cool, andpainful.

2. Ulceration is medial leg, shows permanent blanching, and ispainless.

3. Ulceration is upon bony prominences, shows non-blanchable redness at the perimeter of the wound, and has a pink appearance.

4. Ulceration is upon the bony prominence, began as a small scrape or blister several months ago, with a concomitant diagnosis of diabeticneuropathy.

28.

A physical therapist is performing a treadmill exercise stress test using the Bruce protocol. During stage 3 of the test, the P wave increases in height and the S-T segment begins to become significantly upsloping. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

1. Stop the test and refer patient to aphysician.

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2. Lower the stage back to stage 2 and monitor for improved electrocardiographic indicators.

3. Continue with the test without any modification, monitoring for symptoms of cardiac distress.

4. Discontinue the test, and monitor the patient’s vital signs for 10minutes.

29.

A patient is receiving cardiac rehab and has a heart rate of 110 during moderate intensity exercise. The patient reports a 16 on the Borg RPE scale. Which class of heart medications is MOST likely present?

1. Beta Blockers

2. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

3. Calcium Channel Blockers

4. Angiotensin II ReceptorBlockers

30.

A 12 year old male athlete is being evaluated by a physical therapist. The patient reports pain with running and has a sharp pain over the patellar tendon, particularly on the tibial tubercle. Which of the following disorders is MOST likely present?

1. Legg-Calvé-Perthes’ disease

2. Chondromalacia patellae

3. Osgood-Schlatter disease

4. Pes anserine bursitis

31.

A patient is recovering from a broken tibia and has just been instructed to discontinue use of a walking boot. The patient demonstrates excessive pronation and complains of pain and instability in the ankle while ambulating. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate treatment?

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1. Begin a single leg standing program and advance to eccentric calf strengthening as tolerated.

2. Begin with open-chain exercises and progress to closed-chain strengthening of the ankle as tolerated.

3. Begin with closed-chain exercises and progress to open-chain strengthening of the ankle as tolerated.

4. Begin a strengthening program involving primarily ankle evertors, progressingas tolerated.

32.

A patient reports pain around the anterior aspect of the calcaneus extending toward the 2nd metatarsal head. The patient has the most pain when first standing up after waking which gradually lessens throughout the day. The patient has recently begun a walking program.

Which of the following disorders is MOST likely present?

1. Medial deviation of the 1stmetatarsal

2. Plantar fasciitis

3. Metatarsalgia

4. Tarsal tunnel syndrome

33.

A physical therapist is evaluating a patient with back pain. The patient reports having pain that has increased steadily over the last 2 months and is constant and unremitting. The pain radiates into both lower extremities. The patient also feels marked weakness throughout the right lower extremity. What is the MOST appropriate initial treatment?

1. Discontinue treatment and refer patient to primary care physician for further testing.

2. Begin a program of core strengthening, focusing on transversus abdominis trainingand progressing toward a long term stabilizationprogram.

3. Instruct the patient in appropriate lower extremity exercises to improve legstrength, focusing on the right leg.

4. Initiate piriformis stretching as tolerated and instruct the patient in self mobilization techniques to improve mobility throughout the lumbar spine.

34.

After working for several hours as a mechanic, a patient describes sharp elbow pain over the origin point of the common extensor tendon of the wrist extensors. The pain is alleviated with rest. Which of the following disorders is MOST likely present?

1. Medial epicondylitis

2. Lateral epicondylitis

3. Anconeus tendonitis

4. Olecranon bursitis

35.

A patient presents with rheumatoid arthritis and finger pain. The 2nd digit has a flexed metacarpophalangeal joint, hyperextended proximal interphalangeal joint, and a flexed distal interphalangeal joint. Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of the position?

1. Swan neck deformity

2. Boutonniere deformity

3. Mallet finger deformity

4. De Quervain syndrome

36.

A physical therapist examines a patient and determines that the patient has a positive Active Compression test (O’Brien’s Test). Which of the following pathologies is MOST implicated?

1. Rotator cuff tear

2. Biceps tendonitis

3. Superior labral tear

4. Acromioclavicular joint sprain

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37.

While examining a patient’s lumbar x-ray films, a physical therapist notices that the L5 vertebra is displaced anteriorly on sacrum by approximately 50% of the vertebral body. How will this MOST affect physical therapy if the patient is being treated for low back pain?

1. Emphasize core strengthening, especially in spineneutral

2. Begin progressive gluteal and quad strengthening to assist the lumbopelvic fascia

3. Avoid extension activities, especially instanding

4. Add progressive external oblique training as tolerated to assist proper spinal alignment

38.

A physical therapist is treating a patient with cervical pain. The patient reports that the pain occurs with most movements and feels “stiff” with active range of motion. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

1. Refer to primary care physician for further testing.

2. Initiate thoracic spine thrustmanipulation.

3. Instruct the patient on cervical spine stabilization exercises and issue a home exercise program.

4. Initiate an upper extremity exercise routine to improve scapular and cervical range of motion and progress as tolerated.

39.

A patient has just undergone a total hip replacement via a posterior surgical approach. Which of the following combinations of movements of the hip are MOST important to avoid?

1. Extension, medial rotation, and abduction.

2. Extension, external rotation, and adduction.

3. Flexion, medial rotation, and adduction.

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4. Flexion, external rotation, and abduction

40.

A patient who has suffered a cutting injury to the entire left half of the spinal cord at the T8 level is being examined by a physical therapist. Which of the following impairments would be MOST apparent on the ipsilateral lower extremity?

1. Loss of pain and temperature sensation

2. Loss of movement and light touch sensation

3. Loss of peripheral smooth muscle control

4. Loss of coordination and accuracy.

41.

A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome has bilateral lower extremity weakness. Which of the following descriptions BEST represents the underlying cause of this disease?

1. Lower motor neuron demyelination

2. Cerebellar tumor formation

3. Vagal nerve axonotmesis

4. Amyloid plaque formation

42.

A physical therapist is examining a patient with a cervical spinal cord injury and observes that the patient is able to press up from the wheelchair using elbow extensors. Which spinal level MUST be intact to perform this maneuver?

1. C4

2. C5

3. C6

4. C7

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43.

A physical therapist is treating a patient with a diabetic ulcer on the calf, just superior to the medial malleolus. The wound is discharging heavy amounts of purulent drainage. Which type of dressing will be MOST effective for this wound?

1. Calcium Alginate

2. Hydrocolloid

3. Silicon gel sheeting

4. Hydrogel

44.

A physical therapist is performing cranial nerve testing on a patient with a suspected cerebrovascular accident and wishes to examine the Hypoglossal Nerve motor function. Which of the following will MOST effectively test this nerve’s motor function?

1. Instructthe patient to follow an H pattern and observe for impaired tracking.

2. Instruct the patient to shrug the shoulders and turn the head against mild resistance.

3. Instruct the patient to stick out the tongue and move it side to side against resistance.

4. Instruct the patient to shut the eyes tightly and show the teeth and observe for asymmetry.

45.

A patient reports experiencing pain at the right inferior border of the scapula. The physical therapist suspects the origin is referred pain. Which internal organ would MOST likely refer pain to this area?

1. Stomach

2. Kidney

3. Gallbladder

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4. Ureter

46.

A physical therapist chooses to use therapeutic ultrasound for deep heating of the quadriceps muscle. Which set of ultrasound parameters will be MOST effective at increasing the temperature of tissue 3.0 centimeters deep?

1. 1.0 MHz, 1.5 W/cm², 50% duty cycle

2. 3.0 MHz, 1.5 W/cm², 100% duty cycle

3. 1.0 MHz, 1.5 W/cm², 100% duty cycle

4. 3.0 MHz, 1.5 W/cm², 50% duty cycle

47.

A patient reports feeling a frequent need to urinate and often leaks urine before reaching the bathroom. Which type of incontinence is MOST likely present?

1. Stress incontinence

2. Urge incontinence

3. Overflow incontinence

4. Functional incontinence

48.

A patient displays signs of shakiness, slowness of movement, and rigidity. Which of following BEST represents the origin of this condition?

1. Brain stemsclerae

2. Substantia negra cell death

3. Spinal cord demyelination

4. Temporal lobe amyloid plaques

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49.

A patient presents to a physical therapist for rehabilitation in a standard wheelchair following a T12 spinal cord injury. The patient demonstrates excellent functional wheelchair mobility. What is the MOST appropriate technique to transfer the patient from the wheelchair to the mat table?

1. Sliding board

2. 2 person lift

3. Dependent transfer

4. Squat pivot transfer

50.

A physical therapist is treating an individual recovering from a total knee replacement. The therapist desires to make an objective measure regarding the functional ambulation status of this individual. Which of the following devices would be MOST useful?

1. Goniometer

2. Treadmill

3. Stopwatch

4. Stairs

51.

A physical therapist is treating a patient with ulnar nerve entrapment at the cubital tunnel. Which muscle would MOST likely be weak from this type of pathology?

1. Flexor digitorumsuperficialis

2. Flexor carpi radialis

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3. Flexor pollicis longus

4. Flexor carpi ulnaris

52.

Upon examination, a physical therapist notes weakness in the dorsiflexors of a patient with peripheral neuropathy. Which type of gait abnormality is MOST likely present?

1. Antalgic gait

2. Steppage gait

3. Trendelenburg gait

4. Festinating gait

53.

A patient is recovering from a myocardial infarction and presents to an outpatient physical therapy clinic for cardiac rehabilitation. Which of the following is an absolute indication to cease exercising?

1. Cyanosis

2. Significant fatigue

3. RPE >15 on the Borg scale

4. Rise in systolic BP of 15mmHg

54.

A patient presents to the clinic with coronary artery disease. Which of the following risk factors is MOST important to educate the patient about?

1. Age

2. Gender

3. Obesity

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4. Physical inactivity

55.

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has difficulty breathing while exercising. Which of the following medications is MOST likely to help the patient more easily breathe while exercising?

1. Amlodipine

2. Carvedilol

3. Digoxin

4. Salbutamol

56.

Which of the following arterial blood gas values is MOST indicative of respiratory alkalosis?

1. PaO2 80 mmHg

2. PaO2 100mmHg

3. PaCO2 25 mmHg

4. PaCO2 45 mmHg

57.

A physical therapist is treating a patient who reports having AIDS. What is the MOST appropriate method to prevent transmission of the disease?

1. Wear gloves and mask when treating the patient

2. Treat the patient in a private room to avoid exposure to otherpatients

3. Avoid contact with bodily fluids and clean equipment before and after treatment.

4. Ask the patient to wear gloves and mask duringtreatment.

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58.

A patient is being treated for difficulty with overhead activities and subacromial bursitis. Which of the following strengthening activities will be MOST helpful?

1. Scapular retractionexercises

2. Shoulder flexion exercises

3. Shoulder shrugging exercises

4. Shoulder rotationexercises

59.

A football player reports receiving a blow to the head 4 days ago. He appears to have signs of a concussion. What is the MOST appropriate initial course of action?

1. Stop treatment and refer to aphysician.

2. Assess symptoms and perform cognitive and balancetesting.

3. Begin an exercise routine to prepare the patient to return toplay.

4. Document the symptoms and proceed with sport specificconditioning drills.

60.

A five year old boy presents to a physical therapist for evaluation. The patient has had weakness and difficulty walking for 2 years that has progressively worsened. The boy appears to be developing multiple joint contractures and shows signs of muscular wasting. What is the MOST likely origin of his impairments?

1. Muscular dystrophy

2. Legg-Calvé-Perthe’s disease

3. Charcot-Marie-ToothDisease

4. Cerebellar insufficiency

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61.

A patient with second and third degree burns to the face and neck is receiving treatment by a physical therapist. Which of the following complications will be MOST significant during rehabilitation?

1. Hypertrophic scarring

2. Respiratory distress

3. Joint contractures

4. Nutritional deficiencies

62.

A patient with a decubitus ulcer over the sacrum presents for wound care to a physical therapist. The wound extends through the cutaneous tissue and has subcutaneous fat visible at the bottom of the wound. Which of the following stages is the BEST classification of the wound?

1. Stage I

2. Stage II

3. Stage III

4. Stage IV

63.

A patient has had a full-thickness burn to the right arm. Which of the following is the MOST effective treatment to prevent hypertrophic scarring?

1. Compression bandage

2. Antibiotic ointment

3. Position optimization

4. Appropriate splint use

64.

A patient receiving physical therapy status post 10 weeks after an elbow fracture for a significant flexion joint contracture. The patient’s physician states the fracture is well-healed. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention to improve range of motion?

1. Grade II and III jointmobilizations

2. Progressive active-assisted range of motion to elbowjoint.

3. Progressive stretching and passive range of motion to elbowjoint.

4. Progressive resisted active range of motion exercises to elbowjoint.

65.

A patient has just undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and presents for physical therapy seven days after surgery. Which of the following treatments will be MOST effective at speeding recovery initially?

1. Progressive active range of motionexercises

2. Isometric quadriceps strengthening

3. Resisted hamstring curls

4. Progressive increased weight bearing

66.

A patient with a middle cerebral artery vascular lesion has difficulty raising his arm. Which of the following synergy patterns is MOST likely present in the patient’s involved upper extremity during elevation?

1. Scapular retraction, humeral abduction, elbow flexion, wrist supination

2. Scapular retraction, humeral adduction, elbow extension, wristsupination

3. Scapular protraction, humeral abduction, elbow flexion, wrist supination

4. Scapular protraction, humeral adduction, elbow extension, wrist supination

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67.

A patient recovering from a stroke is being evaluated by a physical therapist. The patient is able to voluntarily elevate his arm through the synergy pattern without difficulty, and is beginning to have movements out of the synergy pattern. Spasticity is still present. Which of the following Brunnstrom stages BEST describes this pattern?

1. Stage 1

2. Stage 2

3. Stage 3

4. Stage 4

68.

A physical therapist is treating a patient with shoulder pain and weakness. The patient reports increased pain with overhead activities and displays superior humeral head translation during shoulder elevation. Which of the following interventions is MOST likely to correct the problem?

1. Scapular retraction exercises in closed chainposition

2. Rotator cuff strengthening exercises in open chainposition

3. Tricep extension exercises in closed chainposition

4. Resisted scapular elevation exercises (shrugging) in open chainposition.

69.

A patient reports feeling dizzy and lightheaded upon standing. The patient reports that the condition has been worsening over time and that he commonly sees dark spots when changing positions. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present?

1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

2. Meniere's disease

3. Orthostatic hypotension

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4. Transient ischemic attack

70.

A physical therapist is treating a patient who had open heart surgery 2 weeks ago to perform a coronary artery bypass. Which of the following BEST describes a precaution following this surgery?

1. Limit left lower extremity to 50% weightbearing

2. Limit shoulder flexion to less than 90 degreesbilaterally

3. Limit cervical rotation less than 45 degreesbilaterally

4. Limit upper extremity lifting to less than 10pounds

71.

During a physical therapy examination, the physical therapist notes pain and tenderness just inferior to the medial malleolus following what the patient reports as a sprained ankle. Which of the following structures is MOST likely sprained?

1. Anterior talofibular ligament

2. Posterior talofibular ligament

3. Calcaneofibular ligament

4. Deltoid ligament

72.

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is instructed to perform pursed lip breathing. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate reason for performing this type of breathing?

1. Increase total lung volume to ease the exchange of air

2. Create back-pressure in the airways to ease airflow

3. Decrease the tidal volume to ease air exchange

4. Decrease the amount of breaths required to exchange air

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73.

A patient in the intensive care unit has a Swan-Ganz catheter. What is the PRIMARY purpose of this type of catheter?

1. Introduce pharmaceuticals via a portal in a peripheralvein.

2. Introduce pharmaceuticals directly into the inferior vena cava or rightatrium.

3. Monitor blood pressure and detect heart failure.

4. Collect urine into a receptacle to bediscarded.

74.

A patient in the intensive care unit is in a coma and has a pressure relief turning schedule that requires a change in position every 2 hours. The physical therapist on duty notices that the patient’s position has not changed for 8 hours. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate course of action?

1. Immediately notify the physician and document the event in the patient’s chart.

2. Immediately notify nursing staff and review the importance of pressure offloading.

3. Immediately turn the patient and document the offloading in the patient’s chart.

4. Proceed with routine patient care and document the event in the patient’s chart.

75.

A patient is being treated for neck and shoulder pain by a physical therapist. The physical therapist notes that the patient has a forward head, rounded shoulders posture that cannot be corrected with active movement. Which of the following interventions is MOST likely to correct the problem?

1. Initiate cervical flexor and extensor strengthening and progress astolerated.

2. Performthrust manipulation to themidthoracic spine and applymodalities as needed.

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3. Initiate pectoralis minor stretching and scapular retractor strengthening and progress as tolerated.

4. Initiate cervical traction to reduce the stress on the cervical spine and begin a program of active range of motion movements for the cervical and thoracicspine.

76.

A patient reports pain in the knee while descending stairs. The pain increases with knee flexion, especially at approximately 30 degrees of flexion. Which of the following disorders is MOST likely present?

1. Meniscal tear

2. Patellofemoral pain syndrome

3. Semitendinosus sprain

4. Gastrocnemius sprain

77.

A patient notes pain in the area highlighted with a star (see photograph) while grasping the thumb in ulnar deviation. Which disorder is MOST likely present?

1. Carpal Tunnel syndrome

2. Ganglion Cyst pain

3. Wartenburg’s syndrome

4. De Quervain syndrome

78.