Cycle 2 physio

121.. Which of following influence resting membrane potential:

A. Na/K ATP-ase of the cellular membrane

B. Potassium voltage gated channels

C. Leakage channels of potassium

D. Large protein anions of the cellular cytosol

E. Sodium voltage gated channels

122.. Which of following statements properly concern lateral spinothalamic tract?

A. Its second order neuron is located in nucleus cuneatus of the medulla oblongata

B. Its first order neuron is located in spinal ganglion

C. Its second order neuron is located in posterior horn of spinal cord

D. It passes via medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

E. It reaches postcentral gyrus of cerebral cortex

F. It reaches precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

123.. Which statements concerning audition are NOT right?

A. The main type of the sound conduction is bone conduction

B. Sound is heard louder in defected ear in conduction loss of hearing in Weber test

C. Bone conduction of sound is compared to air conduction in Rinne test

D. The sound frequency audible to humans ranges from about 6 Hz to 25 kHz

124.. Identify right statements concerning scotopic vision (ScV):

A. ScV is a monochromatic process performed in dim light

B. ScV is determined by the Snellen letter chart

C. Rods, necessary for ScV, characterize with very low threshold of excitation because of very eﬀective amplification mechanism of the phototransduction

D. Scotopic vision is the most accurate in area of the yellow spot

125.. Which of following statements concerning cerebellum are true?

A. Parallel fibers are projected from dentate nucleus to the anterior horns of the cord

B. Purkinje cells inhibit neurons of deep cerebellar nuclei

C. Flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum receives direct input from vestibular ganglion

D. Dentate nucleus of cerebellum controls body balance

126.. Visual acuity (VA)

A. In patients with optimal visual acuity small objects are properly seen even from 50 meters

B. Proper VA enables visual identification of objects separated by the distance of 1 arc minute

C. In shortsighted people VA of distant objects is disturbed because the optical system is too strong

D. VA can be determined by the Snellen letter chart

127.. Identify right statement concerning gamma motor neurons:

A. They are second common motor neurons of anterior horn of thalamic cord. Their axons terminate in muscle spindles

B. They are lower motor neurons of the vestibulospinal tract, they control equilibrium and muscle tone

C. They are located in intermediolateral gray matter (IML) of thoracic segments of the spinal cord

D. They change length of muscle spindles by eliciting of contraction nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers

128.. In conductive loss of hearing (conductive deafness) of the left ear:

A. In weber test, sound is heard louder by the right ear

B. Rinne test of the left ear is negative

C. In Schwalbach test, bone conduction of sound in the left patient’s ear is longer

D. Malfunction of the right inner ear is observed

129.. Which of the following interneurons of the spinal cord are inhibitory?

A. Renshaw cells of the anterior horn

B. Preganglionic neurons of the lateral horn of thoracic segments of the cord

C. Interneurons of stretch reflexes

D. Interneurons of Golgi tendon reflexes

E. Neurons of the substantia gelatinosa of the posterior horn

130.. Visual acuity:

A) Is greatest in yellow spot

B) Is detected in myopia

C) Is detected in astigmatism

D) Can be determined by Sneller letter chart

131.. Neurons of the visual pathway are (mind the order)

A) Photosensitive cells

B) Bipolar cells

C) Ganglion cells

D) Cells of the medial genicular body of thalamus

E) Purkinje cells

F) Cells of the lateral genicular body of thalamus

G) Neurons of the visual cortex (Brodmann’s area 17)

132.. Right optic radiation …

A) Only from right retina

B) Both right …

C) Nasal half of left retina

D) Temporal half of right retina

134. Which sentence is right?

A) Bone conduction of sound is compared to air conduction in Rinne test

B) Sound is heard “louder” in diseased ear in conduction in Webber test

C) The main type of sound conduction is bone conduction

D) The sound sequence audible in humans ranges from abouts 6 Hz to 20 Hz

135. Hair cells are located:

A) On tubular membrane of the organ of corti

B) In middle ear

C) On … of semicircular canals

D) In scala tympani

136. Which statements are right?

A) Vestibular nystagmus cannot be evoked in healthy individuals

B) Direction of post-rotatory nystagmus is opposite to direction of former movement

C) … of relation maintaining visual function in vestibule-ocular reflex

D) … of relation maintaining visual function in vertigo

137. Which statements are right?

A) Hair cells in utricle and saccule respond to circular acceleration

B) Hair cells in utricle and saccule respond to linear deceleration

C) Semicircular canals respond to linear acceleration

D) Semicircular canals respond to circular deceleration

139. Pacinian corpuscle are characterized with:

A) Small receptive field size

B) Large receptive field size

C) Rapidly adapting characteristics

D) Slowly adapting characteristics

140. Which statements are right?

A) Climbing fiber inputs exert a strong excitatory effect on single Purkinje cells

B) Mossy fiber inputs exert a weak excitatory effect on many Purkinje cells via granule cells

C) Climbing fibers come from inferior olivary nucleus

D) Basket cells project to deep cerebellar nuclei

142. Nociceptive stimuli produces:

A) Ipsilateral flexor reflex

B) Ipsilateral extensor reflex

C) Contralateral flexor reflex

D) Contralateral extensor reflex

143. Receptors of pain are:

A) Unimodal receptors located on Aδ-fibers

B) Polymodal receptors located on C-fibers

C) Unimodal receptors located on B-fibers

D) Polimodal receptors located on Aγ-fibers

144. Sharp, superficial pain:

A) Is not transmitted to the cerebral cortex

B) Is transmitted by unmyelinated C-fibers

C) Is “bright”, easily located pain, transmitted by Aδ-fibres

D)Is not modulated

145. Nociception.

A) Is conducted thorough lateral spinothalamic tract

B) Can be modulated in thalamus and cerebral cortex

C) Is intensified by neurons of substantia gelatinosa (SG)

D) Can be gated (inhibited) by non-nociceptive sensory fibers in posterior …

164. Which statements are right?

A) Strech reflex is a polysynaptic reflex

B) Strech reflex is a monosynaptic reflex

C) Strech reflex is released by Golgi tendon organ

D) Strech reflex is a defensive, withdrawal reflex

147. Sensation released to afferent pathways of the spinal cord

A) All pathways from spinal cord to cerebral cortex pass through …

B) They conduct exteroceptive, proprioceptive and teleceptive sensation

C) Afferent pathway of the spinal cord is a crossed corticospinal tract

D) Their 2nd neuron can be located in spinal cord or spinal medulla

148. Alfa-motor neurons are:

A) Innervating both intrafusal and extrafusal muscle cells

B) Located in cerebellum and substantia nigra

C) Fast, thick, myelinated Aα-fibers

D) Located in anterior horn of the spinal cord

151. Lesion of precentral gyrus of the left frontal lobe leads to

A) Inability to perform voluntary movements with the right hand

B) Spastic tone of right leg

C) Dyscordination of movements (ataxial)

D) Flaccid tone of the skeletal muscles due to damage of the lower neuron of pyramidal tract

152. Nociception is conducted by

A) Lateral spinothalamic tract

B) The same pathway as the sense of vibration and the precise touch

C) The same pathway as the input from thermoreceptors (sense of warm and temperature)

D) Anterior spinothalamic tract

Cycle 2 physio

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