Bio Final Exam

Which of the following are not considered one of the 4 studies used in determining phylogenetic trees?

What does homology mean?

What does homoplasy mean?

Which of the following includes homoplasy

At which stage does the embryo contain cytoplasmic determinants?

Which of the following has flexible determination?

Which of the following is NOT considered in the clade Lophotrochozoa?

Which of the following is considered an ancestor to Arthopoda?

You discover an animal with 2 pairs of antennae, biramous, and has a mandible. What subphyla would this be under?

Subphyla Insecta have which of the following characteristics? (More than one)

Tiktaalik is considered what? And between what two classes?

Comparative Development is?

Comparative Genomics is?

Fossils are used for?

Comparative Morphology is?

What are the five major themes in animal evolution?

What is the difference between protostome and deuterstome development?

What are the 5 essential developmental processes every cell goes through?

What are the steps to go from zygote to embryo?

What occurs in cleavage?

What occurs in gastrulation?

Gastrulation only occurs in Bilatarians? T/F

Gastrulation process:

What is the importance of cytoplasmic determinants?

What is the class name for centipedes/millipedes

What is the order name for mites?

What is the order name for spiders

Why are spiders considered an out group?

Explain what is meant by determination of cell fates. Give an example of cell fate using cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis.

Describe how information is carried down the pathway of a motor neuron, starting an the axon hillock, down the axon, then across the neuromuscular junction to stimulate the muscle cell membrane. Continue the signal to the contractile proteins of the uncle and final describe the interactions of actin, myosin, and ATP during contraction.

Compare and contrast the traits of arthropods and vertebrates, the two most successful groups of terrestrial animals. What similarities have led to their success? What differences make them distinct? Include examples from all sections in class.

Give examples of the four major types of evidences when they were used to show homology. For the methods where this is possible, give examples of how they lead to incorrectly concluding that a homoplasy was a homology. Use ctenophores in your example.

Pick three evolutionary intermediates in vertebrate evolution discussed in class. Explain the complete transition from ancestor, intermediate, and descendant. Best examples will involve anatomical structures that changed function from one group to the next.