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Geriatric Dentistry 6DD

Create an image of an elderly person smiling in a dental clinic, surrounded by dental tools and educational materials related to geriatric dentistry.

Geriatric Dentistry Quiz

Test your knowledge on Geriatric Dentistry with our comprehensive quiz. Designed for dental professionals and students, this quiz covers a range of topics including oral health, elderly physiology, and the implications of aging on dental care.

Key topics include:

Classification of geriatric dental patients
Common dental issues in the elderly
Physiological changes impacting oral health

120 Questions30 MinutesCreated by CaringDentist42

Another term refers to Geriatric Dentistry

Pediatrics

Pharmacology

Geriodontics

Geriatric Medicine

Classification of Geriatric Dental Patients

What are dental caries treatments

Filling & RCT

RCT, Crowns & Dentures

Implants

All of them

Change in nervous system in elderly

Nerve cells may begin to pass messages as normal

Nerve cells may begin to pass messages faster

Brain and spinal cord gain nerve cells and weight

Slowing of thought, memory, and thinking

Change in urinary system in elderly

Number and size of nephrons decrease and narrowed arteries

Inability to concentrate or dilute urine and to excrete acid

Dehydration

All of them

The bladder becomes less flexible means:

It can hold less urine

It becomes more difficult to squeeze to get rid of all the urine

It becomes easier to squeeze to get rid of all the urine

It can hold less urine & it becomes more difficult to squeeze to get rid of all the urine

It can hold less urine & it becomes easier to squeeze to get rid of all the urine

What is Urethral sphincter

Muscular ring that controls the passage of urine out of the body

Bladder

It stimulates the sensation of having to urinate

Muscular ring that regulate the balance of salts and other chemicals

The respiratory system comprises of:

Thoracic cage, lungs

Lungs, and diaphragm

All of them

None of them

The most common cause of kyphosis in older adults is:

Osteoporosis

Poor posture

Birth defects

Cancer and cancer treatments

What is kyphosis

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

An abnormally hollowed back

Excessive outward curvature of the spine

Forward head position

Changes which is not related to respiratory system in elderly:

Decreases in measures of lung function such as vital capacity

Decline in the effectiveness of lung defense mechanisms

Stiffening of the thoracic cage from calcification of the rib cage

Increasing in chest wall compliance

Changes which is not related to circulatory system in elderly:

The muscles of the left ventricle get thicker

The volume of the left ventricle may decline

The heart may both fill and empty more slowly

The heart may decrease slightly in size

Differences between young and old hearts

Older heart speed up as quickly or pump as fast or as much blood as a younger heart

Older heart cannot speed up as quickly or pump as fast or as much blood as a younger heart

Older heart can speed up quickly but cannot pump as much blood as a younger heart

Older heart cannot speed up quickly but can pump as much blood as a younger heart

Changes which is not related to Endocrine System in elderly:

The levels and activity of some hormones, produced by endocrine glands, decrease.

Growth hormone levels decrease, leading to decreased muscle mass.

Aldosterone levels decrease, making dehydration more likely.

More insulin may be produced

Changes in Digestive system in elderly:

Lactase levels decrease

The pancreas gains in overall weight

Constipation becomes more common

Lactase levels decrease and the pancreas gains in overall weight

Lactase levels decrease and Constipation becomes more common

Dimensions comprising oral health-related quality of life(OHRQoL):

Total volume of saliva per day is:

0.5 L

0.5-1L

1.5L

For mineralization, some of the difference between people who have the same diet and same exposure to fluoride is explained by a different of each individual’s saliva

Buffering ability

Volume

Stimulation

The subjective feeling of oral dryness:

Xerostomia

Hyposalivation

Remineralisation

Sialosis

Indirect cause increases dental caries:

Xerostomia

Hyposalivation

Remineralisation

Sialosis

Medication causes Xerostomia or hyposalivation

Antibiotics

Aspirin

Anti-histamine

Anti-coagulant

Normal unstimulated saliva flow rate (ml/min)

0.1

0.3-0.5

0.5

0.7

Unstimulated saliva flow rate in Hyposalivation (ml/min):

˂ 0.1

0.3-0.5

˂ 0.5

˂ 0.7

Stimulated saliva flow rate in male hyposalivation patient (ml/min):

˂ 0.1

0.3-0.5

˂ 0.5

˂ 0.7

Stimulated saliva flow rate in female hyposalivation patient (ml/min):

˂ 0.1

0.3-0.5

˂ 0.5

˂ 0.7

Causes of salivary gland hypofunction:

Diseases

Infection

Medication

All of them

Minimum time using for testing hyposalivation:

30 seconds

1 minute

2 minutes

5 minutes

Dry mouth management:

Drink water often

Brush as usual

Use fluoride mouthrise

Drink water often and brush as usual

Drink water often and use fluoride mouthrinse

Cervical burnout is:

Common radiographic artefact on PBWs which is not real

Aproximal caries

Root caries

Unclear x-ray

Acid etch for root caries filling:

Enamel 20 s and dentine 10 s

Enamel 10 s and dentine 20 s

Etch for 20 s

Etch for 10 s

Light-curing time for root lesion filling:

20 s each time and 20 s for finishing

20 s every time

40 s every time

20 s each time and 40 s for finishing

Which filling material is the most inappropriate for root caries treatment

Glass-ionomer

1 step self-etch (composite)

2 step self-etch (composite)

3 step self-etch (composite)

Symptoms of Chronic Adult Periodontitis:

Bleeding after brushing, halitosis, and a bad taste

Normally painless until very advanced but sometimes root sensitivity is a problem

Loose teeth when advanced and majority of bone has been lost

All of them

Formula to calculate combined Attachment Loss (CAL):

Gingival Recession (GR) + Pocket Depth (PD)

PD - GR

Clinical crown length + Pocket Depth

Anatomical crown length + Pocket Depth

Risk Factors for Chronic Adult Periodontitis:

Plaque and aging

Age and smoking

Smoking and Diabetes

Diabetes

All of them

Plaque control in elderly

Toothbrush handle bigger

Brush for 2 minutes, 2 times per day

Toothbrush handle smaller

Toothbrush handle bigger and brush for 2 minutes, 2 times per day

Brush for 2 minutes, 2 times per day and toothbrush handle smaller

When do you have to keep the tooth for periodontal treatment in elderly

A periapical abscess

Pain because of mobility

No function

Prior to bridge

Most dementia victims survive approximately:

1 year

3 years

7 years

13 years

Alzheimer’s disease can be divided into multiple phases:

2 phases

3 phases

4 phases

5 phases

What is amnesia

Memory loss

Communication difficulties

Inability to perform complicated motor tasks

Inability to recognize previously learned sensory input

What is aphasia

Memory loss

Communication difficulties

Inability to perform complicated motor tasks

Inability to recognize previously learned sensory input

What is apraxia

Memory loss

Communication difficulties

Inability to perform complicated motor tasks

Inability to recognize previously learned sensory input

What is agnosia

Memory loss

Communication difficulties

Inability to perform complicated motor tasks

Inability to recognize previously learned sensory input

How do you manage Amnestic patients

Frequent reminders during the dental procedure

Non-verbal communication

The practitioner should talk with family

Manage as normal patient

�……………..may worsen confusion rather than improve dementia patient for dental procedure.

Gas or other major sedatives

Oral Sedation

Lorazepam

Topical anesthetics

Blood glucose levels usually range within:

60 to 150 mg/dL

90 to 110 mg/dL

75 to 115 mg/dL

70 to 150 mg/dL

What do you need to ask Diabetes patients

Recent blood glucose levels and frequency of hypoglycemic episodes

Antidiabetic medications

Dosages and times of administration should be determined

All of them

What is the alternative term for Oesophageal reflux

Heartburn

Digestion

Dysphagia

Haematemesis

�…………………..should avoided in the first trimester and last month of pregnancy.

GA or IV sedation

Topical Anesthesia

Weight gain is the sign of:

Hypertension

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Hypotension

The involuntary or habitual grinding and clenching of the teeth, typically during sleep.

Bruxism

Snoring

Chewing

Smiling

A substance that causes damage or wear by dubbing or scraping

Abrasive

Attrition

Erosion

Abfraction

There are ……. Types of toothwear.

Abrasion is:

Wear of the necks of teeth

Wear of the dental crown

Wear of the root

Wear of the occlusal surface

Attrtion is:

Wear due to grinding – affects the surfaces where the teeth contact

Wear due to acidic substance

Wear due to toothbrushing

Wear due to stress on the cervical dentine tissue

Erosion is:

Wear due to acidic substance

Wear due to grinding – affects the surfaces where the teeth contact

Wear due to toothbrushing

Wear due to stress on the cervical dentine tissue

Direct tooth restoration

Involves placing a filling into a prepared tooth cavity immediately

Involves placing a filling with silicone index.

Involves placing bonding immediately after etching application

Involves light curing after composite placing

Indirect tooth restoration

. Involves placing a filling into a prepared tooth cavity immediately

Involves placing a filling with silicone index.

Involves placing bonding immediately after etching application.

Involves light curing after composite placing

Aetiology of Abrasion:

Smokers toothpaste

Hardness of toothbrush bristles

Flexure of the teeth

All of the above.

Which is the right statement?

Bruxism is usually impossible to prevent.

Bruxism is the main cause of severe attrition in old people.

Bruxists cannot break your fillings and fracture cusps.

Bruxists may not have pain of their mastication muscles on waking.

What are the options of choice for attrition?

No treatment

Acrylic Splints

Full Coverage Crowns

All of the above

Heartburn patient might have:

Erosion

Attirtion

Abrasion

Abfraction

PH of acidic drinks such as Coke and other soft drink:

PH 2.3-3

2-4

5.5

How many patterns of crack formation?

What is Cracked line?

Involve the enamel only and almost always asymptomatic

May result in cuspal fracture

Complete fracture from mesial to the distal

The depth of the crack is variable and runs in a mesio-distal direction

What is Cracked cusp?

May result in cuspal fracture

Involve the enamel only and almost always asymptomatic

complete fracture from mesial to the distal

The depth of the crack is variable and runs in a mesio-distal direction

What is Split tooth?

Complete fracture from mesial to the distal

May result in cuspal fracture

The depth of the crack is variable and runs in a mesio-distal direction

Involve the enamel only and almost always asymptomatic

An incomplete fracture of a vital posterior tooth that involves the dentine and occasionally extends into the pulp.

There must be symptoms of pain on biting

Acute pain particularly when the pressure is released

Cracks are invisible on dental radiographs.

All of the above

What is not the appropriate way to Diagnose Cracked tooth syndrome?

Take a careful history

Ask the patient to localise the pain

Test the teeth on that side with air

Scaling

PH of acidic fruit:

PH 2-4

PH 2.3-3

5.5

Cracks can sometimes be stained by painting ……. On the surface and washing after 2 minutes

Iodine

Chlorhexidine

Bonding

Etching

Methods to test tooth vitality:

Electronic pulp tester

Drilling the tooth without LA

Remove old filling without LA

All of the above

Cracked Tooth Syndrome – What is the inappropriate Treatment?

For Cuspal Fractures not involving the pulp: lined with GIC and a direct composite or amalgam restoration

Inlay or crown

Scaling

Full metal crown

What is the best choice for Cracked tooth?

Full gold crown

Composite filling

Scaling

Root canal treatment

Between ……… of RCT teeth with MO, DO or MOD amalgam restorations fractured over a 20 year period.

26% and 72%

36% and 72%

46% and 72 %

56% and 72%

What is the common solution for Vertical Root fracture?

Extraction

scaling

Root Canal Treatment

Composite Filling

What is the best choice for Diabetes Type 1?

Insulin

Chlorpropamide

Acarbose

Anti-diabetic medication

What will you ask your diabetic patients about?

Recent blood glucose levels and frequency of hypoglycemic episodes.

Antidiabetic medications

Dosages and times of administration should be determined.

All of the above

If the patient skips breakfast owing to the dental appointment but still takes the normal dose of insulin, the risk of a ………… is increased.

Hypoglycemic episode

Hyperglycemic episode

Hypertension

hypotension

What dentist have to give patient before treatment to minimize the risk of a hypoglycemic event?

Oral carbohydrate

Coke

Acidic solution

Salt

Oesophageal reflux, indigestion, and heartburn are alternative terms.

Vitamin K deficiency may not lead to a bleeding tendency.

Gastro-intestinal cause of clubbing include inflammatory bowel disease (especially Crohn's), cirrhosis, malabsorption and GI lymphoma.

Aluminium hydroxide reduces the excretion of aspirin and can increase the plasma concentration of the analgesic to nontherapeutic levels.

The anti-muscarinic drug propantheline bromide delays the absorption of paracetamol.

Side effects of Proton pump inhibitors include erythema multiforme, stomatitis and dry mouth.

Plasma levels of the long-acting local anaesthetic bupivacaine (which may be used to reduce post-operative pain in third molar surgery) are increased by cimetidine.

H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidine) may (rarely) cause blood disorders such as thrombocytopaenia, agranuloctytosis and aplastic anaemia.

The sclera is a good site for examining for the yellow tint of jaundice.

The term inflammatory bowel disease refers to ulcerative colitis.

2 dental procedures that we cannot do on patient with Cardiac Pace Maker are Electrosurgery, Ultrasonic scaling.

Apraxia patients will forget symptoms and instructions.

Amnesia refers to inability to perform complicated motor tasks.

Non-verbal communication with significantly aphasic patients is not helpful.

Gas or other major sedatives may worsen confusion rather than improve dementia patient management.

Dental procedures are not always predictable and anxiety, stress and anger are common feelings for dentists.

A short acting benzodiazepine e.g. 7.5-15mg midazolam is taken in reception one hour before dental appointment.

Early stages (first 3 years) are characterized by mild forgetfulness and must patients should not be able to maintain reasonable oral care.

Although Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia (65%), other cause include vascular (15%), alcoholic (15%) as well as multiple rare diseases.

Alzheimer's disease is dementia.

Normal sinus rhythm tachycardia:

Pulse>100

Pulse>120

Pulse≤100

Pulse˂100

Supraventricular Tachycardia episodes

Pulse from 60 to >200

Pulse from 60 to 100

Pulse from 60 to 90

Pulse >100

Systolic Blood Pressure:

Is the peak pressure when the heart pumps blood out through the aorta and into the arteries.

Is the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes

Is a normal physiological response to exercise, emotional stress or an intra-vascular injection of adrenaline.

Is not normally life threatening and often will stop spontaneously.

The narrowing of arteries by atheroma plaques which causes: myocardial infarcts in the heart, strokes in the brain, pulmonary embolism in the lungs and deep vein thrombosis in the legs is:

Atherosclerosis

Cirrhosis

Hypertension

Hypotension

Everyone can take ….concrete steps to help prevent high blood pressure:

The steps to help prevent high blood pressure are:

Having healthy diet and avoid alcohol

Doing exercise and having healthy diet

Managing stress in healthy way and doing exercise.

All of the above

Oral side effects of antihypertensive medications are:

Xerostomia (diuretics),

Gingival hyperplasia (nifedipine)

Salivary gland swelling (clonidine)

All of the above

What is it?

Atheroma plaque

Muscle

Dental plaque

Artery

�…….is the acute symptom of Ischaemic Heart Disease and is more likely to occur during exercise or stress (e.g. dentistry) when there is an increased heart rate.

Angina

Hypertension

Myocardial infarct

Ischaemic Heart Disease

A coronary artery stent is:

A device with a mesh tube and a balloon is inserted into the coronary artery via the femoral artery in the groin to open the blockage

Veins from the leg which is cut to insert into the coronary artery

Coronary artery atheroma

None of the above

Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes is:

A casual plasma glucose level (taken at any time of day) of =200mg/dL when the symptoms of diabetes include polydipsia(thirsty), polyuria and unexplained weight loss.

A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or less.

An oral glucose tolerance test value in the blood of ≥200mg/dL when measured at the 2h interval.

None of the above

There are ….types of Insulin preparation.

There are ….mechanism of actions of antidiabetic medications.

What is the effect duration of rapid acting insulin?

3-4 hours

5-8 hours

16-24 hours

24-48 hours

What is the effect duration of short acting insulin?

5-8 hours

3-4 hours

16-24 hours

24-48 hours

What is the effect duration of intermediate acting insulin?

16-24 hours

3-4 hours

5-8 hours

24-48 hours

What is the effect duration of long acting insulin?

24-48 hours

3-4 hours

5-8 hours

16-24 hours

What is not the mechanism of action of antidiabetic medication?

Increase gastro-intestinal absorption of cabohydrates

Stimulation secretion of insulin

Decrease glycogenolysis and hepatic glucose production

Enhance tissue sensitivity to insulin

Patients with diabetes at medium risk group:

Fasting blood glucose level ˂180-240 mg/dl

Fasting blood glucose level ˂ 180 mg/dl

Fasting blood glucose level ≥ 240 mg/dl

Fasting blood glucose level ˃ 180 mg/dl

Patients with diabetes at low risk group:

Fasting blood glucose level ˂ 180 mg/dl

Fasting blood glucose level ˂180-240 mg/dl

Fasting blood glucose level ≥ 240 mg/dl

Fasting blood glucose level ˃ 180 mg/dl

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