Embryo part 2 final review

A detailed illustration of dental anatomy, focusing on enamel and dentin structure with annotations, in a scientific style

Embryology Mastery Quiz

Test your knowledge on dental embryology and enamel development with our comprehensive quiz designed for students and professionals alike. This quiz consists of 30 multiple-choice questions that challenge your understanding of critical concepts such as enamel structure, dentin properties, and odontoblast functions.

Key Features:

30 engaging questions
Immediate feedback on answers
Enhance your knowledge and retention

100 Questions25 MinutesCreated by StudyingStone42

A developmental defect at the dentinoenamel junction of enamel that is filled with organic material is called (a/an)

Enamel rod.

Enamel tuft.

Enamel lamellae

Enamel spindle.

Enamel is composed of ______ hydroxyapatite.

26%

53%

90%

96%

Two ameloblast cells form the enamel rod

Head.

Neck

Body

Tail

In the Hunter-Schreger phenomenon, adjacent rod groups lie at right angles to each other

True

False

Enamel is approximately ______ thick at the occlusal or incisal surface.

1 µm

9 µm

2.5 mm

4.5 mm

Light and dark enamel rod groups are known as striae of Retzius.

True

False

Prismless enamel is characterized by numerous and pronounced Hunter-Schreger bands

True

False

Which statement is true?

Tubular defects are associated with enamel lamellae.

Lamellae provide increased resistance to dental caries.

Breathing cold air is a risk factor in developing enamel lamellae.

Enamel lamellae are microscopic cracks in the surface of enamel.

Enamel rods extend perpendicular to the dentoenamel junction, but curve slightly toward the cusp tip.

True

False

The surface of the enamel rod is called the rod

Margin

Periphery.

Sheath.

Core

Dentin is _______ than enamel.

Harder

More elastic

A whiter shade

Less radiolucent

_______ are extensions of the odontoblast process into enamel.

Dead tracts

Neonatal lines

Enamel spindles

Lines of von Ebner

Odontoblastic injury during a cavity preparation usually results in which of the following forms of dentin?

Primary mantle dentin

Primary globular dentin

Secondary dentin

Tertiary dentin

Dentin is responsive to the environment

True

False

Incremental lines in dentin are also known as

Lines of von Ebner

The smear layer.

The granular layer of Tomes.

Canaliculi

The junction between dentin and enamel is scalloped.

True

False

Which type of dentin is formed prior to tooth function and is the major component of the crown and root of the tooth?

Mantle dentin

Circumpulpal dentin

Secondary dentin

Tertiary dentin

Which is the following is a hypermineralized collar of dentin surrounding the tubules?

Sclerotic dentin

Peritubular dentin

Intertubular dentin

Interglobular dentin

The granular layer of Tomes is located in the _________.

Dentin of the root

Dentin of the crown

Periodontal ligament

Cementum of the root

Which type of dentin forms to protect and maintain the vitality of the pulp?

Mantle

Sclerotic

Peritubular

Reactionary

Mineralized tubules are associated with which type of dentin?

Mantle

Sclerotic

Reparative

Secondary

Interglobular dentin is associated with vitamin B deficiency.

True

False

Dentinal tubules contain odontoblast processes, nerve terminals, and dentinal fluid.

True

False

Dead tracts develop when odontoblasts die from trauma or old age.

True

False

Which of the following best defines sclerotic dentin?

Dentin directly underlying mantle dentin, comprising the bulk of primary dentin.

The dentinal matrix that immediately surrounds the dentinal tubule.

The first dentin formed and deposited at the dentinoenamel junction.

Obliterated tubules, found mainly in areas of attrition, abrasion, fracture, and caries.

Mantle dentin contains larger collagen fibers than circumpulpal dentin.

True

False

Which term is preferred to describe when newly recruited (replacement) odontoblasts begin depositing dentin?

Reactionary dentin

Response dentin

Reparative dentin

Secondary dentin

Secondary dentin is deposited more quickly than primary dentin.

True

False

The major organic component of dentin is _______.

Water

Collagen

Enamelin

Hydroxyapatite

Odontoblast organelles are usually located within the cytoplasmic process.

True

False

Inflammation of the pulp may spread to the ______.

Dentin

Enamel

Predentin

Periodontium

Tight junctional complexes are communication openings between odontoblasts that transmit electrical impulses and small molecules.

True

False

Odontoblasts continually form dentin throughout life.

True

False

Most pulpal nerve endings are located in which area?

Pulp horns

Central pulp

Apical foramen

Dentinoenamel junction

Teeth only perceive the sensation of pain.

True

False

Radicular pulp is singular in all permanent teeth.

True

False

How many pulps are present in the permanent dentition?

Accessory canals can result from blood vessels that have obstructed ________ formation.

Pulp

Dentin

Enamel

Foramen

The apical foramen is slightly larger in _____ teeth.

Posterior

Maxillary

Mandibular

The odontogenic zone is composed of a cell-free zone, a cell-rich zone, odontoblasts, and the parietal plexus of nerves.

True

False

Which of the following best defines the term radicular pulp?

Dental pulp located in the roots of teeth.

Pulp with a soft, gelatinous consistency

The opening of root pulp into the periodontium.

Dental pulp that occupies the crown of the tooth.

Which of the following is not found in the central part of the pulp?

Fibroblasts

Cementoblasts

Collagen fibers

Veins and arteries

Compared with radicular pulp, coronal pulp is smaller and contains fewer elements.

True

False

Desmosomes maintain the positional relationship between cells

True

False

Which cell type is predominant in the cell-rich zone?

Fibroblasts

Osteoblasts

Erythroblast

Odontoblasts

Why does aging cementum appear to have a rough surface?

Extrinsic wear and occlusal force.

Calcification of ligament fiber bundles.

Obstruction of the pattern of incremental lines.

Cementoblasts cannot repair cementum after resorption.

Intermediate cementum overlies dentin

True

False

Cementum is highly vascularized.

True

False

The intermediate layer of cementum is _____ thick.

10 cm

10 mm

10 µm

10 nm

What does OMG stand for in terms of cementum formation?

Overlap, meet, and gap

Overwhelming marginal gingivitis

Obstructive meeting group

Odontoblast meeting gingiva

The majority of cementocytes reside within the apical cementum.

True

False

Intermediate cementum is softer than dentin.

True

False

Which of the following best defines a cementicle?

An ovoid calcification in the periodontal ligament (PDL)

A spindle-shaped cell found in the connective tissue

A flattened and elongated cell found in the coronal portions of the pulp

An irregularly shaped calcified mass appearing in the canal of the pulp

Which percentage of collagen is found in organic cementum?

20% to 25%

30% to 35%

40% to 45%

50% to 55%

The initial layer of cementum contains an enamelin-like protein.

True

False

At which of the following the cementum is thickest?

Apex of the root

Cementoenamel junction

Cervical region of the root

Furcation of multirooted teeth

The area where cemental resorption stops and deposition begins is called a

Cementicle

Reversal line.

Cementoblast

Cementocyte

Cementum forms more rapidly than dentin.

True

False

Cementum is devoid of elastic fibers.

True

False

Cementum resorption is rare, even in older patients. In fact, cementum is more resistant to resorption than bone.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first statement is true; the second is false.

The first statement is false; the second is true.

Which of the following best defines epithelial rests?

Diminished functional activity caused by aging.

A decrease in the production of epithelial cells.

A marking created by deposition of cementum.

A mass of cells in the remnants of the root sheath.

The primary function of the periodontal ligament is to do which of the following?

Support the teeth.

Provide nutrition.

Transmit neural input.

Protect the cementum.

Receptors and nerves located in the periodontal ligament transmit information regarding pressure and mandibular position.

True

False

Cementoblasts repair resorbed cementum.

True

False

Cementum is constantly being created as new fibers appear along the root surface

True

False

______________ create and destroy collagen fibers, as needed.

Fibroblasts

Osteoclasts

Macrophages

Cementoblasts

The periodontal ligament connects with the gingival tissues.

True

False

Which are the most numerous cells of the periodontal ligament?

Cementoblasts

Osteoblasts

Fibroblasts

Macrophages

Tooth movement will elicit the ________ of cementum.

Necrosis

Ingestion

Resorption

Absorption

The overall general health of an individual affects the health of the periodontium

True

False

Which arises from the dental follicular tissue?

Dentin

Enamel

Cementicles

Periodontium

The width (thickness) of the periodontal ligament increases with age

True

False

Epithelial rests always occur along the root surface.

True

False

Which change is associated with the aging of cementum and alveolar bone?

Scalloping

Cellular hyperactivity

Increased cell reproduction

Fiber attachments cover the entire surface

Which of the following is found on the surface of cementum?

Fibroblasts

Cementicles

Cementocytes

Cementoblasts

The alveolar process is composed of alveolar bone proper and the

Teeth

Gingiva

Supporting bone

Vermilion border.

The area of bone loss where an apical root penetrates the cortical bone is called a

Fenestration

Dehiscence

Marginal defect.

Lateral fossa.

Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament is caused by which of the following?

Mesial drift

Traumatic compression

Eruption of permanent teeth

Gradual orthodontic movement

Mesial drift is a significant occurrence during the deciduous dentition period.

True

False

The alveolar process supports the roots of the teeth.

True

False

Aged alveolar bone lacunae are filled with cementocytes.

True

False

Which best defines dehiscence?

Colorless, ischemic periodontal ligament

Compact bony lining of the tooth socket

Inclination of permanent teeth to drift mesially

Which bone is regularly penetrated by collagen fiber bundles?

Bundle

Cortical

Haversian

Cancellous

The alveolar crest is located _______ mm below the dentinoenamel junction.

3 to 4

1.2 to 1.5

2.5 to 3.2

Teeth are slightly more mobile in the

Morning

Early afternoon.

Late afternoon.

Evening.

Blood vessels and nerves penetrate the lamina dura.

True

False

Once formed, fibers attached to the cementum cannot change

True

False

Profound change occurs in the dense compact bone of an aging edentulous mandible.

True

False

Loss of density of lamina dura is associated with each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Infection

Inflammation

Resorption of the bony socket

Bruxing

Which movement is associated with tooth loss or hypereruption?

Body

Tipping

Rotation

Mesial drift

Which of the following types of nerve endings found in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a pressure receptor?

Pacinian nerve endings

Ruffini nerve endings

Meissner nerve endings

Free nerve endings

The action of the lower half of the TMJ is a gliding motion.

True

False

Each of the following is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve that supplies the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Auriculotemporal nerve

Deep temporal nerve

Masseteric nerve

Inferior alveolar nerve

No epiphyseal line is found in the TMJ condyle.

True

False

Where is the temporomandibular fossa located?

Medial to the zygomaticofrontal suture

Within the periphery of the zygomatic arch

At the posterior medial aspect of the zygomatic arch

Along the anterior upper border of the zygomatic arch

At birth, condylar heads are round and covered with a thick layer of cartilage.

True

False

Which of the following ligaments do not support the temporomandibular joint?

Stylohyoid

Stylomandibular

Sphenomandibular

Temporomandibular

The upper compartment of the temporomandibular cavity is bound superiorly by the articular fossa and inferiorly by the

Head of the mandibular condyle.

Articular disk.

Articular eminence.

Temporal bone.

Articular remodeling is a response to _______________.

Aging

Inactivity

Genetic dysfunction

Environmental stress

More blood vessels innervate the lateral and medial surfaces of the articular disk than the anterior and posterior areas.

True

False

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Embryo part 2 final review

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