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Oral surgery

1. What are the ideal treatment plans?

σ� Long-term outcomes

σ� Address all patient concerns

σ� Minimum intervention

σ� All of the above

σ� None of the above

2. In which cases consent should be informed before starting the treatment?

σ� Suture removal

σ� Surgical removal of deep unerupted mandibular wisdom teeth

σ� Prescription writing for orofacial pain

σ� Extraction of a maxillary second molar which the root is close proximity to the sinus

σ� Surgical removal of deep unerupted mandibular wisdom teeth and Extraction of a maxillary second molar which the root is close proximity to the sinus

3. The difficulty of extraction?

σ� Severely divergent roots

σ� Periapial radiolucency

σ� Dilacerated roots

σ� Endodontically treated teeth with or without post and core

σ� Increased number of roots present

4. Which one of the following is NOT one of the basic steps of surgical extraction?

σ� Incision & raising a flap

σ� Application of Betadine

σ� Removal of bone

σ� Tooth or root division

σ� Removal of tooth or roots

σ� Wound debridement

5. When a fractured root tip can be left in-situ?

σ� The root tip is smaller than 2mm in an infected root

σ� For small root fragments as the risk of removing them may cause potential complications

σ� The infected root tip is closed to the maxillary sinus

σ� The infected root is close to the inferior alveolar nerve

σ� All of the above

6. Which suture that can be used in contaminated wounds?

σ� Vicryl

σ� Silk

σ� Nylon

σ� Catgut

σ� Stainless steel

7. Which suture creates eversion of the wound edges?

σ� Interrupted sutures

σ� Continuous sutures

σ� Horizontal mattress suture

σ� Vertical mattress suture

σ� Figure-of-eight suture

8. What sizes of the sutures that commonly used in oral cavity?

σ� 2//0

σ� 3/0 & 4/0

σ� 4/0 & 5/0

σ� 6/0

σ� 7/0

9. What is the atraumatic suturing technique?

σ� No crushing tissues with forceps

σ� Not too large suture and needle

σ� Not too large tissue bites

σ� Not too tight

σ� Not too dry

σ� All of the above

10. Which suture is used for extraction socket of molar teeth to control bleeding?

σ� Horizontal mattress

σ� Vertical mattress

σ� Figure-of-eight and interrupted

σ� Interrupted

σ� Sling suture

11. How many knots do you need to tie tissues intra-orally?

σ� One knot

σ� Two knots

σ� Three knots

σ� Four knots

σ� Five knots

12. Suture is selected depends on:

σ� Tissue to be suturing, ie. mucosa, muscle, skin

σ� Healing process

σ� Tissue tolerance

σ� Patient’s availability to come for suture removal

σ� All of the above

13. Which of the followings are the treatments of ecchymosis?

σ� Apply ice pack on the bruise

σ� Reassure the patient

σ� Inject steroid

σ� Apply warm moist pack

σ� Apply ice pack on the bruise and Inject steroid

σ� Reassure the patient and Apply warm moist pack

14. Which of the following are the local measures to control bleeding after surgical extraction?

σ� Use vitamin K

σ� Apply pressure with sterilized gauze

σ� Use tranexamic acide injection

σ� Place Gelfoam or Surgicel in the socket

σ� Suture across the socket

σ� Apply pressure with sterilized gauze, Place Gelfoam or Surgicel in the socket and Suture across the socket

15. Which case of cyst do you need to do marsupialization?

σ� Very large cyst involving vital structures

σ� Traumatic bone cyst

σ� Pocket cyst of lateral incisor

σ� Mucous retention cyst in the floor of the mouth (ranula)

σ� Very large cyst involving vital structures and Mucous retention cyst in the floor of the mouth (ranula)

V All of the above

16. How to diagnose an Oro-antral fistula?

σ� Squeeze patient nose & ask to strongly blow to see air bubble

σ� Insert a large needle into fistula & take X-ray

σ� Use the probe to explore the fistula

σ� None of the above

σ� All of the above

17. Which one of the following is NOT the factors influencing the course of infection?

σ� Portal of entry

σ� Virulence

σ� Patient's weight

σ� Pathogenicity

σ� Host defense

σ� Numbers/types of bacteria

18. What are the investigations for infection?

σ� Take swap of pus for microbiology & antibiotic sensitivity

σ� Immunoflurescence

σ� Blood culture

σ� Urine test

σ� Take swap of pus for microbiology & antibiotic sensitivity and Blood culture

σ� All of the above

19. Which of the following are NOT the modes of spread of infection?

σ� Saliva

σ� Lymphatic

σ� Blood

σ� Tear

σ� Direct spread

σ� Saliva and Tear

20. What is the first line antibiotic for acute infection?

σ� Rodogyl

σ� Tetracycline

σ� Amoxicillin or with clavulanic acid

σ� Cephaxin

σ� All of the above

21. In which case do you need to refer the patient to the hospital?

σ� Localized infection

σ� Ludwig’s Angina

σ� Palatal abscess

σ� Cavernous sinus thrombosis

σ� Localized infection and Palatal abscess

σ� Ludwig’s Angina and Cavernous sinus thrombosis

22. How to confirm the definitive diagnosis of a soft tissue lesion (diameter ˃2cm) on the lateral border of the tongue?

σ� Blood test

σ� Fine needle aspiration

σ� Incisional biopsy

σ� Excisional biopsy

σ� All of the above

23. Which lesions are needed for fine needle aspiration?

σ� Vascular lesions

σ� Fluctuant soft tissue pathology

σ� Surgical emphysema

σ� Intraosseous pathology

σ� Vascular lesions and Surgical emphysema

σ� Fluctuant soft tissue pathology and Intraosseous pathology

24. When aspirate a cystic lesion which shows cholesterol, what type of cyst might it be?

σ� Dentigerous cyst

σ� Eruption cyst

σ� Inflammatory cyst

σ� Odontogenic keratocyst

σ� Aneurysmal bone cyst

25. When aspirate a cyst-like lesion which shows blood, what type of lesion might it be?

σ� Contamination

σ� Lipoma

σ� Aneurysmal bone cyst

σ� Radicular cyst

σ� Haemengioma and Mucoccel

σ� Contamination, Aneurysmal bone cyst and Haemengioma

26. When aspirate a cyst-like lesion which shows air, what type of lesion/structure might it be?

σ� Salivary gland duct

σ� Maxillary sinus

σ� Nerve canal

σ� Traumatic bone cyst

σ� Salivary gland and Nerve canal

σ� Maxillary sinus and Traumatic bone cyst

27. How do you perform pulp vitality tests?

σ� Tap on the tooth

σ� Use hot GP points

σ� Spray air on the tooth

σ� Use cold spray

σ� Use electric pulp tester

σ� Use hot GP points, Use cold spray and Use electric pulp tester

28. What are the surgical options of jaw cysts?

σ� Apply acid

σ� Marsupializaion

σ� Incision and drainage and Enucleation

σ� Root canal canal treatment

σ� Local resection +/- reconstruction

σ� Marsupializaion, Enucleation and Local resection +/- reconstruction

29. Which one of the following is the best method of amrsupialization of large cysts?

σ� Packing with gauze into the cystic cavity

σ� Open the cystic cavity with robber urinary catheter

σ� Packing with alveogyl

σ� Cover the cystic cavity with resine stent

σ� Plug the cystic cavity with gelfoam

30. Which one of the soft tissue lesions that penetrate into underlying bone (cupping)?

σ� Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma

σ� Central giant cell granulama

σ� Focal fibrous hyperplasia

σ� Drug induced gingival hyperplasia

31. Which of one the following lesions do NOT need to do excisional biopsy?

σ� Firoepithelial polyps

σ� Mucocoeles

σ� Fibromas

σ� Haemengioma

σ� Papillomas

32. What is the flap design for removal of torus palatinus?

σ� Envelop flap

σ� Triangular flap

σ� J-shape flap

σ� Y-shape flap

33. What is Compound Odontome?

σ� Odongenic tumour characterized by the formation of calcified enamel & dentin in

σ� An abnormal arrangement

σ� A bag of teeth

σ� A variant type of ameloblastoma

σ� A malignant tumour of the tooth

34. In which cases consent should be informed before starting the treatment?

σ� Non-invasive procedures such as extraction of a just root

σ� Prescribing an analgesic

σ� All the invasive procedures such as surgical removal of mandibular third molar

σ� Prescribing an antiseptic mouthwash

35. Which of the following is NOT the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue lesion?

σ� List all the most probable diagnosis

σ� Look at the characteristics of each condition/lesion

σ� Blood tests

σ� Compare & distinguish between them and choose on a “best-fit” basis

36. Which one of the following is NOT the investigation before extraction?

σ� Radiographs

σ� Antibiotic

σ� Pulp vitality tests

σ� Study models

37. Which one of the following is NOT the ideal treatment plans?

σ� Meet all patient concerns

σ� Future procedures for long-term outcomes

σ� Provide treatment options

σ� Treat only painful tooth

38. Which cases consent should be informed before starting the treatment?

σ� Non-invasive procedures such as extraction of a just root

σ� Prescribing an analgesic

σ� All the invasive procedures such as surgical removal of mandibular third molar

σ� Prescribing an antiseptic mouthwash

39. Which of one of the following is NOT the clinical factors predicting the difficulty of extractions?

σ� Extensive loss of coronal tooth structure

σ� Limited access to the area of extraction

σ� Severe periodontitis

σ� History of past root canal therapy

40. Which of one of the following is NOT the radiographic factors predicting the difficulty of extraction?

σ� Severely divergent roots and dilacerated roots

σ� Enlargement of periodontal ligament space seen in a radiograph

σ� Hypercementosis/bulbous roots and dense bone

σ� Endodontically treated teeth with or without post and core

41. Which teeth are at risk for sinus exposure when doing extraction?

σ� Lone standing maxillary molar with pneumatized maxillary sinus

σ� Roots projecting into a severely pneumatized maxillary sinus and minimal coronal bone visible radiographically

σ� Teeth with advanced periodontal disease but with no mobility; also teeth with the maxillary sinus extending into the trifurcation area

σ� All of the above

42. Which one of the following is NOT one of the principles of flap designs?

σ� Avoid vital structures

σ� A little broad base flap

σ� Very broad base

σ� Gentle soft tissue handling

43. What are the factors to consider in flap design?

σ� Depth of the buccal sulcus

σ� Position & size of labial fraenum and muscle attachments

σ� Size of lesion and number of teeth to be treated

σ� All of the above

44. Which one of the following is NOT one of the basic steps of surgical extraction?

σ� Incision & raising a flap

σ� Application of Betadine around the tooth

σ� Removal of bone and tooth or root division

σ� Wound debridement and suture

45. When a fractured root tip can NOT be left in the socket?

σ� The root tip has got infection

σ� The root tip is smaller than 3mm

σ� The root tip is closed to the maxillary sinus and closed to inferior alveolar nerve

σ� All of the above

46. How do you prevent aspiration of a tooth or root into the lungs when doing an extraction?

σ� Place a piece of sterilized gauze as a pharyngeal screen at the back of the patient's mouth

σ� Place a rubber dam on the tooth

σ� Patient stands up while extracting the tooth

σ� Lay the patient flat while extracting the tooth

47. Which of the followings are the treatments of ecchymosis?

σ� Apply ice pack on the bruise

σ� Inject steroid

σ� Reassure the patient and apply warm moist pack

σ� Prescribe antibiotic and analgesics

48. How do you avoid TMJ dislocation during dental procedures?

σ� Use mouth prop or bite block

σ� Make short appointment

σ� Support the mandible during extraction

σ� All of the above

49. What are the symptoms and signs of alveolar osteitis (dry socket)?

σ� Severe pain and discomfort from the extraction site and may radiate from to other parts of the head, ear, eye, and neck

σ� Exposed bone around the socket and remaining food debris inside the socket

σ� Delayed healing

σ� All of the above

50. Which one of the treatment procedures of alveolar osteitis (dry socket) below is NOT always given to the patients?

σ� Irrigate the socket with chlorhexidine

σ� Prescribed antibiotic

σ� Apply alvogyl in the socket

σ� Prescribe strong analgesics

51. Which one of the following is NOT the prevention of dry socket?

σ� Stop smoking

σ� Stop oral contraceptive for several days before & a few days after surgery

σ� Give antibiotic before extraction/surgery

σ� Minimize extraction force

52. Which of the following is NOT the local measures to control bleeding after surgical extraction?

σ� Use vitamin K

σ� Apply pressure with sterilized gauze

σ� Place Gelfoam or Surgicel in the socket

σ� Suture across the socket

53. In aggressive measure to control bleeding, which medication is commonly used?

σ� Adrenoxyl injection

σ� Dicinone tablet

σ� Tranexamic acid mouthrinse

σ� Desmopressin injection

54. Which hemostatic agent do you use to control bleeding from bone?

σ� Gelfoam

σ� Bone wax

σ� Surgicel

σ� Ferric sulfate

55. How to prevent prolonged/excessive bleeding after extraction and oral surgery?

σ� Assessing difficulty of surgery

σ� Make proper incisions

σ� Minimize excessive trauma to soft tissues tearing

σ� Avoiding using Aspirin & NSAIDs after surgery

σ� All of the above

56. What are the causes of surgical emphysema?

σ� High-speed air turbine drills

σ� Blowing air syringes

σ� Increased intraoral pressure through sneezing

σ� All of the above

57. What is a true cyst?

σ� A non-inflammatory cyst

σ� A pathological cavity enclosed in an epithelial lining, no communication to root canal (needs surgery)

σ� An epithelial-lined cavity opens to and continuous with root canal (RCT/Apicect.)

σ� A pseudocyst

58. What can you see in histopathological examination of a radicular cyst?

σ� Keratin

σ� Pus

σ� Cholesterol crystals and inflammatory cells

σ� Calcified materials

59. What are the treatment procedures for radicular cyst?

σ� RCT with/without apicectomy if it’s small

σ� Extraction and apical curretage

σ� Enucleation for large cysts with or without apicectomy and retrograde filling

σ� All of the above

60. What is a residual cyst?

σ� A non- odontogenic cyst

σ� A develomental cyst

σ� An inflammatory cyst

σ� A pseudocyst

61. What is a paradental cyst?

σ� An odontogenic cyst which locates in between roots of vital teeth

σ� Non-keratinised inflammatory cyst which locates distal to the mandibular third molar

σ� A dermoid cyst

σ� An eruption cyst of infant

62. Dentigerous cyst develops around:?

σ� Root

σ� Crown of unerupted tooth

σ� Mandible

σ� Gingiva

63. What is the clinical significant in Odontogenic Keratocyst?

σ� Common among men

σ� Aggressive behaviour with high recurrent rate

σ� Commonly occur in anterior maxilla

σ� Often involves with multiple cysts

64. How to treat odontogenic keratocyst?

σ� Enucelation and curettage

σ� Surgical ressection

σ� Application of Carnoy's solution

σ� All of the above

65. Which statements below about eruption cyst are true?

σ� It's associated with erupting tooth

σ� It's a soft tissue, bluish swelling over a crown of newly erupted tooth

σ� Its histology is the same as dentigerous cyst

σ� Its treatment is to excise or unroof the cyst lining

σ� All of the above

66. What is the radiographic feature of calcifying odontogenic cyst?

σ� Ill-defined radiolucency

σ� Radiopaque along the margin of a radiolucency

σ� Well-defined radiolucency containing varying amounts of radiopaque material (areas of calcification)

σ� Ground glass appearance

67. Which cyst has got "heart-shape" radiolucency in nasopalatine canal?

σ� Globulomaxillary cyst

σ� Nasopalatine duct cyst

σ� Nasolabial cyst

σ� Radicular cyst

68. What type of cyst has got an empty cavity, no epithelial lining, commonly occurs in the mandible with a history of trauma?

σ� Stafne's inclusion cyst

σ� Aneurysmal bone cyst

σ� Traumatic bone cyst or simple bone cyst or solitary bone cyst

σ� Median mandibular cyst

69. What is the most common site for mucocele?

σ� Upper lip

σ� Lower lip

σ� Tongue

σ� Cheek

70. What is the most common indication for removal of sub-lingual salivary gland?

σ� Sialoadenosis

σ� Ranula (plunging)

σ� Neoplasm

σ� Lymphoma

σ� Stone

71. What is the likely diagnosis when you aspirate from a soft tissue swelling showing blood?

σ� Traumatic bone cyst

σ� Abscess

σ� Blood vessel

σ� Haemagioma, aneurysmal bone cyst or contamination

72. Which case the enucleation of cyst in applied?

σ� Small cyst in the jaws

σ� Large cysts near vital structures

σ� Ameloblastoma with aggressive behaviour

σ� Cystic fibrosis

73. Which case of cyst do you need to do marsupialization?

σ� Mucocele

σ� Traumatic bone cyst

σ� Very large cyst involving vital structures and ranula

σ� All of the above

74. How to diagnose an Oro-antral fistula?

σ� Insert a large needle into fistula & take X-ray

σ� Squeeze patient nose & ask to strongly blow to see air bubble (Valsava test)

σ� Use the probe to explore the fistula

σ� All of the above

75. Which of the following is NOT the modes of spread of infection?

σ� Saliva

σ� Lymphatic

σ� Blood

σ� Direct spread

76. Where can the infection spread from maxillary 2nd premolar spread to?

σ� Maxillary sinus

σ� Palatal space

σ� Infratemporal space

σ� Infraorbital space or buccal space

77. Which one of the following space that the infection from the mandibular 3rd molar will NOT spread to?

σ� Pterygomandibular

σ� Lateral pharyngeal

σ� Submandibular and submasseteric spaces

σ� Infratemporal space

78. Which type of acute infection that can cause airway compromised?

σ� Infraorbital space

σ� Ludwig’s Angina

σ� Buccal space

σ� Canine space

σ� Cavernous sinus

79. What is the most effective antibiotic for acute infection?

σ� Rodogyl

σ� Tetracycline

σ� Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid

σ� Cephaxin

σ� All of the above

80. In which case do you need to refer the patient to the hospital?

σ� Localized infection

σ� Extremely severe infections involving potential facial spaces

σ� Palatal abscess

σ� Canine space abscess

81. When aspirate a cystic lesion which shows cholesterol, what type of cyst might it be?

σ� Dentigerous cyst

σ� Eruption cyst

σ� Inflammatory cysts

σ� Odontogenic keratocyst

σ� Aneurysmal bone cyst

82. When aspirate a cyst-like lesion which shows blood, what type of lesion might it be?

σ� Contamination, aneurysmal bone cyst or haemengioma

σ� Lipoma

σ� Mucoccel

σ� Radicular cyst

83. When aspirate a cyst-like lesion which shows air, what type of lesion/structure might it be?

σ� Traumatic bone cyst or solitary bone cyst

σ� Aneurysmal bone cyst

σ� Thyroglossal duct cyst

σ� Eruption cyst

84. What does crepitus or egg-shell crackling on palpation of the jaw bone mean?

σ� The cortical bone is hard

σ� The cortical bone is thin

σ� The cortical bone is fractured

σ� The bone is completely resorbed

85. How do you perform pulp vitality tests?

σ� Tap on the tooth

σ� Use periodontal probe

σ� Spray air on the tooth

σ� Use cold spray, hot GP points, or electric pulp tester

86. What are the surgical options of jaw cysts?

σ� Apply acid

σ� Enucleation, marsupializaion, and local resection +/- reconstruction

σ� Incision and drainage

σ� Root canal canal treatment

87. Which flap design will you raise for surgical enucleation of a radicular cyst at the apeces of teeth #12 and #11 with ceramic crowns?

σ� Envelop flap

σ� Triangular flap

σ� Rectangular flap

σ� Modified scallop semilunar flap

σ� Semilunar flap

88. Which one of the following is the best method of marsupialization of large cysts?

σ� Packing with gauze into the cystic cavity

σ� Opening the cystic cavity with a plastic tube or sterilized urinary catheter

σ� Packing with alveogyl

σ� Covering the cystic cavity with resine sten

σ� Packing the cystic cavity with gelfoam

89. Which one of the following is NOT the pedunculated lesion?

σ� Denture irritation hyperplasia

σ� Peipheral giant cell granuloma

σ� Pregnancy epulis

σ� Papillary hyperplasia of the palate

σ� Pyogenic granuloma

90. Which of the following is NOT the treatment of denture-induced hyperplasia?

σ� Leave the denture out at night

σ� Remade the denture

σ� Laser surgery

σ� Surgical excision

91. Which one of the soft tissue lesions which penetrate into underlying bone (cupping)?

σ� Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma

σ� Central giant cell granulama

σ� Focal fibrous hyperplasia

σ� Drug induced gingival hyperplasia

92. What is Rhadomyoma?

σ� Benign tumour of fat tissue

σ� Benign tumour of striated, voluntary muscle

σ� Malignant tumour of bone

σ� Malignant tumour of salivary gland

93. Which of one the following lesions do NOT need to do incisional biopsy?

σ� Firoepithelial polyps

σ� Mucocoeles

σ� Fibromas

σ� Haemengioma

σ� Papillomas

94. How to treat benign tumours?

σ� Observe

σ� Reduce

σ� Excise

σ� Resect

σ� All of the above

95. Which one of the following drug does NOT cause gingival hyperplasia?

σ� Nifedipine

σ� Warfarin

σ� Phenytoin (Dilantin*)

σ� Cyclosporin

96. What is Compound Odontome?

σ� Odongenic tumour characterized by the formation of calcified enamel & dentin in an abnormal arrangement

σ� A bag of teeth

σ� A variant type of ameloblastoma

σ� A malignant tumour of the tooth

97. What is radiographic feature of fibrous dysplasia?

σ� Unilocular radiolucency in the tooth apex

σ� Multilocular readiolucency in angle of the mandible

σ� Dense radiopaque in the maxillary sinus

σ� Ground glass appearance in the maxilla and mandible

98. Which one of the following is NOT the surgical treatment of benign tumour of the jaw bones?

σ� Excise/enucleate/curettage

σ� Resect

σ� Chemotherapy

σ� Reconstruct

99. Which of the following is NOT the mode of spread of infection?

σ� Haematologic

σ� Lymphatic

σ� Saliva

σ� Direct spread

00. Where can the infection from maxillary 2nd premolar spread to?

σ� Maxillary sinus

σ� Palatal space

σ� Infratemporal space

σ� Infraorbital space or buccal space

σ� All of the above

101. Where can the infection from mandibular molars spread to?

σ� Submandibular or buccal space

σ� Sublingual space

σ� Submental space

σ� Lateral pharyngeal space

σ� All of the above

102. Which one of the following space that the infection from the mandibular 3rd molar will NOT spread to?

σ� Pterygomandibular

σ� Lateral pharyngeal

σ� Submandibular or submesseteric

σ� Palatal space

σ� All of the above

103. Which teeth that infection can cause cavernous sinus thrombosis?

σ� Maxillary 2nd molars

σ� Maxillary 3rd molars

σ� Infection of maxillary canines, 1st premolars, and mesiobuccal root of the 1st molar

σ� Maxillary incisors

104. What is the complication of cavernous sinus thrombosis?

σ� Airway obstruction

σ� Venous thrombosis and cranial compression

σ� Osteomyelitis

σ� Cold abscess

105. Which type of acute infection that can cause airway compromise?

σ� Infra-orbital space

σ� Ludwig’s Angina

σ� Buccal space

σ� Canine space

σ� Cavernous sinus

106. What is the most important and first step to treat acute infection?

σ� Prescribe antibiotic

σ� Prescribe analgesics

σ� Antiseptic mouthwash

σ� Incision and drainage of pus

σ� All of the above

107. Why local anesthetic is not allowed to inject in the infected site?

σ� Very painful

σ� Not effective anesthesia

σ� Causing needle tract infection

σ� All of the above

108. How do you make incision on a fluctuant abscess?

σ� Like normal incision, blade cut on the surface of pointed swelling

σ� Use number 12 blade to cut below the pointed swelling

σ� Use number 11 blade, upside down to open the pointed swelling

σ� Use the large needle to aspirate

109. Which antibiotic has become more resistant to bacteria?

σ� Rodogyl

σ� Azithromycin

σ� Amoxicillin plus Clavulanic acid

σ� Cephaxin

σ� All of the above

110. In which case do you need to refer the patient to the hospital?

σ� Localized infection

σ� Ludwig’s Angina, Cavernous sinus thrombosis and other danger spaces

σ� Buccal space abscess

σ� Palatal abscess

σ� All of the above

111. Why compound antibiotic such as Amxocillin + Clavulanic acid is more effective than single antibiotic?

σ� It inhibits penicillinase or Betalactamases and active against Staph. Aureus

σ� It is more expensive than single antibiotic

σ� It is made in developed country

σ� It is active against anaerobe bacteria

112. The danger area of face where from infection can spread directly to cavernous sinus includes:

σ� From below the eyes up to chin

σ� Area around the lips

σ� Area around lips including lower part of nose

σ� Whole of the face

σ� From maxillary sinus.

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