GS_ChapV_Vocab_Quiz
The uneven distribution of the resources available.
Poverty
Absolute poverty
Extreme poverty
Relative poverty
The ranking of people into a hierarchy in which the resources considered valuable by society are unequally distributed.
Social stratification
Social class
Open-class system
Class consciousness
A definition of poverty based on a fixed economic level below which people are considered poor; this level does not necessary change as society on the whole becomes more or less affluent.
Absolute definition of poverty
Relative definition of poverty
Cultural definition of poverty
Cultural analysis of poverty
A definition of poverty based on the idea that people are poor relative to some standard, and that standard is practically shaped by the lifestyles of their citizens.
Relative definition of poverty
Absolute definition of poverty
Cultural definition of poverty
Cultural analysis of poverty
The idea that people tend to feel deprived or frustrated in comparison to what others have or what they believe they deserve.
Relative deprivation
Class consciousness
Ethnic group
Minority group
A definition of poverty that views it not only in terms of how many resources people have, but also in terms of why they have failed to achieved a higher economic level.
Cultural definition of poverty
Cultural analysis of poverty
Culture of poverty
Absolute of poverty
A focus on the values, attitudes, and psychological orientations that may emerge among groups of people who live under conditions of poverty.
Cultural analysis of poverty
Culture of poverty
Cultural definition of poverty
Class consciousness
People employed in low-skill jobs with the lowest pay who do not earn enough to rise out of poverty.
Working poor
Underclass
Proletariat
Poverty line
The sociological perspective based on the idea that society is a system made up of a number interrelated elements. Each performing a function that contributes to the operation of the whole.
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Interactionist perspective
Structural-functionalist perspective
The sociological perspective centered on the idea that society consists of different groups who struggle with one another to attain the scarce societal resources that are considered valuable, be they money, power, prestige, or the authority to impose one’s values on society.
Conflict perspective
Functionalist perspective
Interactionist perspective
Structural-functionalist perspective
The sociological perspective that focuses on everyday social interaction among individuals rather than on large societal structures such as politics, education, and the like.
Interactionist perspective
Functionalist perspective
Conflict perspective
Symbolic interactionist perspective
The movement of people from one social position to another in the stratification hierarchy.
Social mobility
Structural mobility
Horizontal mobility
Vertical mobility
A situation in which everyone or nearly everyone who wants to work can find a job.
Full employment
Bourgeoisie
Meritocracy
Proletariat
Programs offering benefits to broad categories of people, such as the elderly or injured workers, who presumably were working and paying for the insurance before becoming eligible for it.
Social insurance
Public assistance
Means-tested programs
Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
Programs in which a person must pass a means test to be eligible.
Public assistance
Social insurance
Means-tested programs
Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
A prediction condition of unemployment resulting from changed in the occupational structure of society.
Structural unemployment
Underclass
Structural mobility
Structural mobility
A category of people who see themselves and are seen by others as different because of their cultural heritage.
Ethnic group
Minority group
Social calss
Couch-surfers
A category of people who, because of physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out for differential and unequal treatment and thus regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.
Minority group
Ethnic group
Underclass
Proletariat
People typically unemployed who came from families that have been poor for generations.
Underclass
Structural unemployment
Relative deprivation
Couch-surfers
A sense identification with the goals and interests of the members of a particular social class.
Class consciousness
Social class
Social stratification
Caste system
A trend in U.S. Society in which women and children make up an increasing proportion of the poor.
Feminization of poverty
Absolute definition of poverty
Relative definition of poverty
Culture of poverty
A stratification structure that does not allow for social mobility.
Caste system
Open-class system
Means-tested programs
Social insurance
A system in which social class is based on merit and individual effort; movement is allowed between classes.
Open-class system
Caste system
Public assistance
Meritocracy
A change in occupation within the same social class.
Horizontal mobility
Vertical mobility
Structural mobility
Intergenerational mobility
A change upward or downward in occupational status or social class.
Vertical mobility
Horizontal mobility
Structural mobility
Intergenerational mobility
A change in status or class from one generation to the next.
Intergenerational mobility
Vertical mobility
Horizontal mobility
Structural mobility
The absence of enough money to secure life’s necessities.
Absolute poverty
Extreme poverty
Underclass
Relative poverty
A measure of poverty based on the economic disparity between those at the bottom of a society and the rest of the society.
Relative poverty
Absolute poverty
Extreme poverty
Relative definition of poverty
Segment of society whose members hold similar amounts of resources and share values, norms, and an identifiable lifestyle.
Social class
Class consciousness
Social stratification
Caste system
Class that owns the means of production.
Bourgeoisie
Proletariat
Meritocracy
Social class
Class that labors without owning the means of production.
Proletariat
Bourgeoisie
Ethnic group
Underclass
A system in which social rewards are distributed on the basis of achievement.
Meritocracy
Open-class system
Caste system
Means-tested programs
The U.S. Federal government’s estimate of a minimal budget for individuals or families.
Poverty line
Living wage laws
Human poverty index
Underclass
A change in social position that occurs because technological innovations, urbanization, economic booms or busts, wars, or other events have altered the number and kinds of occupations available in a society.
Structural mobility
Horizontal mobility
Vertical mobility
Intergenerational mobility
Laws and policies that benefit corporations.
Corporate welfare
Living wage laws
Wealthfare
Meritocracy
Individuals who do not have a home of their own and who stay at the home of family or friends.
Couch-homeless
Underclass
Extreme poverty
Absolute poverty
The set of norms, values, beliefs, and self-concepts that contribute to the persistence of poverty among the underclass.
Culture of poverty
Cultural definition of poverty
Relative definition of poverty
Relative deprivation
A refundable tax credit based on a working family’s income and number of children.
Earned income tax credit
Living wage laws
Human poverty index
Poverty line
Living on less than $1.25 a day.
Extreme poverty
Absolute poverty
Poverty
Underclass
A program in which faith-based and other neighborhood organizations receive federal funding for programs that serve the needy, such as homeless services and food aid programs.
Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
Means-tested programs
Social insurance
Public assistance
The skills, knowledge, and capabilities of individuals.
Human capital
Wealth
Social class
Ethnic group
A measure of poverty based on measures of deprivation of a long, healthy life; deprivation of knowledge; and deprivation in decent living standards.
Human poverty index
Poverty line
Living wage laws
Earned income tax credit
Laws that require state or municipal contractors, recipients of public subsidies or tax breaks, or, in some cases, all businesses to pay employees wages that are significantly above the federal minimum, enabling families to live above the poverty line.
Living wage laws
Poverty line
Human poverty index
Earned income tax credit
Assistance programs that have eligibility requirements based on income.
Means-tested programs
Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships
Public assistance
Social insurance
The provision of loans to people who are generally excluded from traditional credit services because of their low socioeconomic status.
Microcredit programs
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Millennium Development Goals
Public assistance
Eight goals that comprise an international agenda for reducing poverty and improving lives.
Millennium Development Goals
Public assistance
Social insurance
Means-tested programs
Federally subsidized housing that is owned and operated by local public housing authorities (PHAs).
Public housing
Section 8 housing
Millennium Development Goals
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
A housing assistance program in which federal rent subsidies are provided either to tenants (in the form of certificates and vouchers) or to private landlords.
Section 8 housing
Public housing
Millennium Development Goals
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
High-interest or adjustable-rate mortgages that require little money down and are issued to borrowers with poor credit ratings or limited credit history.
Subprime mortgages
Microcredit programs
Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program
Wealthfare
The largest U.S. Food assistance program.
Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program
Microcredit programs
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Public assistance
A federal cash welfare program that involves work requirements and a 5-year lifetime limit.
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program
Millennium Development Goals
Social insurance
The total assets of an individual or household minus liabilities.
Wealth
Human capital
Social class
Full employment
Laws and policies that benefit the rich.
Wealthfare
Corporation welfare
Meritocracy
Proletariat
A state of political disordered weakening of political authority.
Social anarchy
Social disorder
Insurrection
Social stratification
Poverty that is transmitted from one generation to the next.
Intergenerational poverty
Intergenerational mobility
Underclass
Absolute poverty
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