PP6001-Repiratory Physiotherapy, Semester 1 MCQ

What temperature is room air typically?

Which of the following is not a function of the bony thorax?

The bony thorax is made up of the thoracic vertebrae, ribs, and sternum.

Select each component of the upper respiratory tract

Which of the following is not a function of the upper respiratory tract (URT)?

Alveolar air is 37 degrees Celsius

Which of the following accurately describes the humidification difference between room and alveolar air?

Which of the following are true with respect to the natural heating and humidification of inhaled air?

What type of cells are the respiratory epithelium

The function of the respiratory epithelium is to moisten and protect the upper airways, and act as a barrier to pathogens.

Which of the following structures plays the largest role in producing a cough.

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory tract?

Which of the following are a primary function of the lower respiratory tract?

The trachea bifurcates into the left and right main/primary bronchi at the carina

Select the correct order of structures in descending order (superior to inferior)

On average, how many alveoli do adults have?

Upper alveoli are more easily ventilated, but lower alveoli are larger

Match the following collateral channels with the structures they connect

Which of the following describes alveolar interdependence?

The right lung has only 2 lobes and one fissure because the heart occupies space in the same area.

Which of the following structures are found in the hilum of the lungs?

Match the following locations with their pressures.

Pleural effusion is the abnormal build up of excess fluid within the lungs

Which of the following conditions occurs in the intrapleural space?

Which of the following statements about neural control of breathing are true?

Emotional and psychological factors can influence respiration

Which two muscles are responsible for tidal breathing?

Which of the following is not an accessory expiration muscle?

Match the following muscles with their role during respiration

During forced inspiration the diaphragm contracts and moves superiorly to facilitate in thoracic expansion

Match the respiratory movements with their description

What structures or mechanisms are responsible for tidal expiration?

Boyle's law refers to the mechanism by which too much forced pressure in the airways will cause the airways to collapse

Which of the following is the correct definition of lung compliance?

Elasticity refers to the lungs ability to return to its original shape after undergoing deformation. Which two of the following contribute to this characteristic?

Which of the following statements is false?

During gas exchange, CO2 moves from the alveoli into the blood for removal

Which of the following statements is correct?

Physiological dead space occurs when there is adequate blood flow but the surrounding alveoli are poorly ventilated, resulting in a V/Q mismatch

Match the surface marking with its corresponding lung landmark

Which of the following are true with respect to auscultation?

Which of the following are correct definitions of each step of the ABCDE respiratory assessment?

What is the correct scale for the National Early Warning Scale (NEWS)

Of the four ABG drawing locations, which is the most commonly used?

Match the following ABG measurements to their normal values

Match the following oxygen measurements to their definitions

Base excess (BE) refers to the amount of H+ ions required to return pH to a normal level if PaCO2 is normal

There are three mechanisms that the body uses to restore acid/base imbalance. Select the three.

What is the correct difference between type 1 and 2 respiratory failure

Hypoxemia is said to have 5 causes. Which of the following is not one?

Which of the following conditions is typically due to kidney malfunction?

In a patient with metabolic alkalosis we could expect to see a base excess (BE) value of 8 or higher

With respect to COPD, which value is typically impaired and used to diagnose the disease?

Which 2 underlying conditions must a patient have before being diagnosed with COPD?

Which protein deficiency is responsible for genetic cases of COPD?

Interpret the following ABG: pH: 7.27 PaO2: 7.9 PaCO2: 8.90 BE 2 HCO3: 25

A patient presents to you with an FEV1 of 61, has had no exacerbations in the last year, and scores a 2 on the mMRC scale. According to the GOLD guidelines, what classification would you give this patient?

A patient presents to you with a FEV1 of 35 and an mMRC score of 3. You also noticed that they have only had one exacerbation this year, but they had to be hospitalized. According to the GOLD guidelines, where would you classify this patient?

In order to be diagnosed with COPD, a patient must have less than 0.8 on the FEV1/FVC test after taking bronchodilators

Which of the following would accurately describe an mMRC score of 2

Which 3 of the following would you expect to see on a chest Xray of a patient with COPD?

A zephyr valve is placed in healthy lungs to only allow air into the lung

A COPD exacerbation is characterized by an increase in symptoms that worsen after 4 days

Select the correct definition of the Haldane effect

Bronchiectasis is the result of abnormal and irreversible airway constriction, chronic inflammation, and infection.

Select the 3 types of bronchiectasis

What could you expect to see on the chest Xray of a patient with bronchiectasis?

Asthma is controlled, not cured.

The yellow stage of the asthma action plan involves:

At what stage of the GINA guidelines for asthma would an ICS be added to the reliever medication prescription

What stage of the GINA guidelines would the controller medication prescriptions be a moderate to high dose of ICS and LABA

Select the true statement below with regard to metered dose inhalers (MDI) and dry-powder inhalers (DPI)

LAMA stands for long acting mucogenic agent

Classic MDI inhalers only deposit roughly 9-10% of their medication unless a spacer is used

A patient comes in to your clinic with a referral for a spirometry test. In their subjective assessment they noted that they recently had a root canal that is still rather painful. Why might this be an issue for you?

Pneumonia is an inflammatory response to infection that can be community or hospital acquired

Your patient has been diagnosed with pneumonia 5 days ago. What stage of pneumonia would you expect them to be in at this time?

What does the current body of research suggest with respect to physiotherapeutic intervention for patients with pneumonia?

A high volume huff is a good technique to clear secretions in the lower airways

The acapella is an adjunct that combines the effects of which two other adjuncts?

The green acapella provides more expiratory resistance than the blue acapella

What temperature and saturation is set when heating and humidifying air?

Restrictive lung diseases cause what type of flow loop shift?

How would a IPF patient's chest Xray present?

What percentage of patients with sarcoidosis spontaneously recover in two years?

What is the difference between and pneumothorax and pleural effusion?

Select all of the following RESTRICTIVE lung diseases

Select all of the following OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases

Select all of the following statements about cystic fibrosis (CF) that are TRUE

The preferred angle for chest X-rays is posteroanterior

X-rays should be taken at the end of maximum inspiration, however, maximum expiration can be used if you are looking to examine trapped air

As a respiratory physiotherapist, if you suspect a patient may require more oxygen, you can increase the dose

Which of the following statements is correct?

Match the following PaO2 values with the associated symptom that occurs when the PaO2 first reaches that level

Match the following steps of oxygen transport in the correct order

Select all of the following conditions that would contribute to a right shift on the oxygen dissociation curve

Select all of the following conditions that would contribute to a left shift on the oxygen dissociation curve

The Bohr effect refers to the right shift on the oxygen dissociation curve as oxygen and Hb decrease their bonding affinity

Select all of the following correct statements with respect to the oxygen dissociation curve

Which of the following statements in UNTRUE with respect to home oxygen therapy

A patient presents to you for prescription of LTOT. After performing an ABG you noticed their PaO2 is 7.8. Do you prescribe this patient LTOT?

Patients that smoke can be refused O2 prescription

Match the 4 types of hypoxia with their correct definitions

A patient presents to the hospital with reported systotoxic hypoxia. What could have potentially caused this diagnosis?

At what volume of O2 does relative humidity begin to decline, requiring heating and humidification of the O2 therapy

Select the two acute dyspnea managements strategies from the list below

What is the primary difference between spinal anesthesia and epidural anesthesia?

A patient is going in for a surgery. You cannot remember what surgery they said they were getting but you know it ended in -plasty. What will happen in their surgery?

Which of the following surgery types is the least invasive?

What does bubbling from the underwater seal drain during expiration indicate?

Which of the following is not one of the 4 key items to look for in a patient's underwater seal drain?

Bubbling of an underwater seal drain typically resolves on its own if it is small to moderate

You friend told you they are going to the hospital next week for a lung surgery. They do not remember the name of the surgery but they tell you they are getting a hyperinflated, damaged section of their lung removed. Their doctor told them that it should help with their emphysema and exercise capability. What type of surgery are they getting?

You enter a patients room for the first time. What should you look for when approaching the bed to ensure patient safety?

What percentage range of patients will die within 30 days post surgery if they develop a PPC?

Which of the following would be considered a PPC

Your team is trying to determine if a patient you are working with has developed a PPC. They are presenting with abnormal breath sounds, a temperature of 39 degrees Celsius, and yellow sputum production. They have also received a chest Xray but you are waiting on radiology to pass on the results. According to the Melbourne classification of PPCs, does your patient have a PPC?

Which of the following 4 symptoms are associated with increased PPC risk due to general anesthesia?

Smoking cessation pre-op will reduce PPC likelihood by:

PPC likelihood is increased if a patient is anesthetized for longer than

The evidence suggests that pre-op physiotherapy can help improve outcomes and reduce PPCs

A patient with a respiratory rate of 22 BPM is said to be

A patient presents to you with a BP of 120/80 and a HR of 42, this patient is:

There are 4 components of pulmonary rehab (PR). Which of the following are not one of those 4?

Which 2 of the following statements is true with respect to the evidence surrounding PR?

Which of the following is not a pulmonary rehab core component?

Select the 3 exclusion criterion from the list below

What is the main difference between the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and the 6 minute walk test (6MWT)?

An improvement of 2 repetitions on the one minute sit to stand test is indicative of improved physical outcomes

Usual gait speed is a reliable predictor of adverse outcomes in advanced or elderly patients

The education component of pulmonary rehab typically occurs before the exercise class

You are working as a member of the pulmonary rehab exercise team. Your patient can maintain a 3-4 on the Borg dyspnea scale for roughly 4 minutes before he deteriorates rapidly to an 8. To combat this issue, how would you structure his exercise program to ensure you can work at an adequate intensity?

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is most effective in which patient group?

Match the following collateral ventilation structures with the stage at which they develop.

Halving the airway diameter decreases the flow rate by 16 times

Select all of the following true statements with respect to pediatric respiratory features

Infants lose positive expiratory end pressure (PEEP) during REM sleep due to a decrease in laryngeal muscle tone

As an infant ages, what trends do we see with respect to HR, BP and RR?

Infants should not be suctioned for longer than 10 seconds

Which of the following are signs of respiratory distress in pediatric patients?

Primary cilia dyskinesia patients experience situs invertus in 40-50% of cases

Match the stages of lung development with the correct age range

Match the stages of lung development with the associated structures that develop within each phase

An incomplete spinal injury means there is no function of any structure below the injury

Match the following types of multiple sclerosis to their correct definition

Respiratory function is the best predictor of prognosis in NMDs

Which of the following is not a symptom of respiratory impairment in a patient with NMD

Which sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) test value would indicate impairment?

Which of the following conditions would be considered inclusion criteria for the prescription of NIV in a NMD patient?

If a patient is contraindicated for a SNIP test, a BORG score of 3 or greater when at rest and seated can suffice.

Your friend has a peak cough flow of 455. You tell them not to worry, this is perfectly normal. Is this true or false?

When performing assisted inspiration by using breath stacking, you should perform three inhalations with the patients and squeeze the entire insufflation bag each time

Why is Hyasine not used for sialorrhea management?